Final Id's

Front 1

Report on Public Credit

Back 1

The first of 3 major reports on economic policy issued by Alexander Hamilton on the request of congress
Started the first party system due to the debate over the national bank

Front 2

Alien and Sedition Acts

Back 2

Four bills passed by the Federalists during an undeclared Navy war with France.
Authorizes the deportation of illegal aliens and makes the citizenship process very difficult and long
Makes it illegal to publish any form of criticism of the government.
This becomes a major political issue in the election of 1800

Front 3

Louisiana Purchase

Back 3

The acquisition by the US of French territory in Louisiana.
Doubled the size of the US
Forced President Jefferson to re-evaluate his stance on the strict interpretation of the Constitution because there was nothing regarding this in it.

Front 4

Embargo Act

Back 4

Prohibited American ships from leaving their home ports until Britain and France repealed their restrictions on US trade.
Protect American interests while preventing a war with either nation.
Isolationism wrecked havoc on the American economy

Front 5

McCulloch v. Maryland

Back 5

Case over which taxes were placed on Maryland state banks.
McCulloch won because Supreme court said that the state couldn't tax a federal institution.
This gives Federal Government more power under the constitution.

Front 6

Monroe Doctrine

Back 6

This is a policy that stated that further efforts by European nations to colonize or interfere with states in the Western Hemisphere would be viewed as an act of war by the US.
This prevented a large power from forming in the Western Hemisphere, giving the United States complete control over this area

Front 7

Erie Canal

Back 7

A canal that reached from Lake Erie to the Hudson River.
This allows goods to travel quicker and easier throughout the country, allowing manufactured goods and produce to be traded between the Midwest and the ports of the eastern seaboard.

Front 8

Gibbons v. Ogden

Back 8

2 individuals got right to operate steam boats in New York and created a monopoly.
Supreme court held that the congress had power to regulate interstate trade due to the commerce clause in the US constitution.
This gives the national government power over interstate commerce

Front 9

Nativism

Back 9

Anti-immigration movement, stating that immigrants cannot become assimilated into the culture.
This is the American public trying to hold on to their identity as a homogeneous group

Front 10

Albany Regency

Back 10

The first statewide political machine attempting to control political parties.
controlled the New York state government from 1822-1838.
Led by Martin van Buren.
This is a very effective means of maintaining party discipline

Front 11

The American System

Back 11

A program of national economic development by state governments.
It consisted of tariffs on imports, national bank, and improvement of infrastructure of the nation.
This is the idea following the Hamiltonians and was the basis of policy issue in the first American party system.
Shift towards strong national influence on trade and economic development

Front 12

Nullification

Back 12

The idea that a state convention could declare a federal law unconstitutional.
This led to South Carolina nullifying the federal tariffs of 1828 and 1832
This can be seen as a precursor for the American Civil War as this is a conflict between state rights and federal rights.

Front 13

Seneca Falls

Back 13

Place of first womens rights convention in the US. Consisted of lectures, presentations and Womens rights petitions.
Start of numerous women rights' movements in the US.
This also can be seen as a sign of discontent in the US with the current state of society

Front 14

Gang-Labor System

Back 14

System of work discipline used on Deep South cotton farms.
Worked from dawn to dusk
Allowed slaves little free time, preventing a formation of a feeling of community amongst the slave population

Front 15

Nat Turner

Back 15

Slave in Virginia who staged a rebellion and killed over 55 white men and women.
This prevented Virginia from passing the gradual emancipation bill that they had been working towards and caused slave owners to become more strict towards the slave population

Front 16

Manifest Destiny

Back 16

This is the idea that Americans had the God-given right to expand across the North American continent.
This led to conflicts with Mexico as well as led to the Louisiana Purchase.
It allowed Americans to persecute the Native populations of the land in order to achieve their goal.

Front 17

Free Soil Movement

Back 17

It was a political movement that opposed the expansion of slavery.
It was enforced by northerners and recalled back to the ideas of Jeffersonians as a push for the Yeoman farmers of the South.
It attracted broad popular support.

Front 18

Compromise of 1850

Back 18

This was a bill proposed by Henry Clay that was passed as many separate bills because popular support could not be achieved for the bill as whole.
This allowed many new states to enter the nation and settle the dispute between Texas and New Mexico.
This quieted talks of secession by the South.
Fugitive Slave Act showed the southern sympathy in the national government.

Front 19

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Back 19

It repealed the Missouri Compromise.
Allowed settlers in Kansas-Nebraska.
It led to 2 separate legislatures of Kansas, both claiming tob e legitimate.
This led to the "Bleeding Kansas" situation.
Had to deal with idea of Transcontinental railroad.
This marks the ending of the 2nd American Party System

Front 20

Dred Scott v. Sanford

Back 20

1850's - African Americans were not citizens of the US.
They could not sue and dealt with the 5th Amendment.
Reaffirmed the idea of the Fugitive Slave Act and the fact that slaves were to be considered property

Front 21

Total War

Back 21

Mobilized all of a society's resources in support of its military action.
Massive civilian armies rather than professional armies
This lack of experience led to high death rates and the prolonging of the War

Front 22

Emancipation Proclamation

Back 22

Lincoln declared that slavery was to be abolished in all states that remained out of Union on January 1st, 1863.
Rebel states had 100 days to preserve slavery by renouncing secession.
Did not abolish slavery in Union territories or in Confederate territories occupied by Union troops and did not actually free a single slave.