Final Exam Chapters 26-30

Front 1

Arguments for the Atomic Bomb

Back 1

1. saved lives (ended the war sooner)
2. Diplomatic weapon (control soviets)
3. Fiscal (justify the expense)
4. Counter Terrorism

Front 2

Arguments against the Atomic Bomb

Back 2

1. Military options and experts
2. scientific opposition
3. lack of peace negotiations

Front 3

Sources of tension

Back 3

1. WW I
2. filling the power vacuum

Front 4

U.S. Goals

Back 4

1. economic capitalism
2. democratic values of self- determination

Front 5

Soviet goals

Back 5

1. sphere of influence (europe and asia)
2. spread communism

Front 6

Soviet strengths

Back 6

location and man power (occupation)

Front 7

Casablanca Conference

Back 7

Notion of unconditional surrender

Front 8

Teheran Conference

Back 8

Germans pledged their agreement to join the war in Japan

Front 9

Okinawa

Back 9

island 370 miles south of japan
one of the last major battles of WW II

Front 10

Iwo Jima

Back 10

island 750 miles from tokyo
costliest single battle in history of the marine corps

Front 11

Guadalcanal

Back 11

one of the first islands american forces assaulted when they took the offensive in 1942 for the time in several months

Front 12

Yalta Conference

Back 12

all the allies pledged to have a United Nations and its concepts
soviets did not agree to the accords

Front 13

Potsdam Conference

Back 13

Truman's "get tough" policy with the soviets
difference between presidents/presidency

Front 14

The Marshall Plan

Back 14

Give economic aid to Europe

Front 15

3 key reasons to follow through with the Marshall Plan

Back 15

1. Humanitarian concern
2. market for american goods
3. contain communism/ prop up democracy

Front 16

national security act

Back 16

creates 3 important agencies
1. The National Security Council
2. The CIA
3. Department of defense

Front 17

National Security Council

Back 17

operating out of the white house would oversee foreign and military policy

Front 18

CIA

Back 18

Central Intelligence agency
replaces the wartime office of strategic services and would be responsible for collecting information through both open and covert methods
as the cold war continued, CIA would also engage secretly in political and military operations on behalf of American goals

Front 19

NATO

Back 19

12 nations signed an agreement and declaring that an armed attack against one member would be considered an attack against all
Maintain a standing military force in Europe to defend against what many policy makers believed was the threat of a soviet invasion

Front 20

NSC-68 document

Back 20

National security council report issued in 1950
it outlined a shift in the american position
argued the U.S. could no longer rely on other nations to take the initiative in resisting communism

Front 21

Truman's "get tough" policy

Back 21

Sharply chastised Molotov for violations of Yalta accord
insisted that the U.S. be able to get 85% of what it wanted

Front 22

Containment Policy

Back 22

"Contain" the threat of further Soviet expansion

Front 23

Truman Doctrine

Back 23

Policy set forth by Harry S Truman on March 12, 1947 stating that the U.S. would support Greece and Turkey with economic and military aid to prevent their falling into the soviet sphere

Front 24

G.I. Bill of Rights

Back 24

bill that provided college or vocational education for returning WW II veterans

Front 25

Communism Hysteria at home: why?

Back 25

it's real and it's bad
U.S. setbacks abroad

Front 26

HUAC

Back 26

House Un-American Activities Committee
Held widely publicized investigations to prove that under Democratic rule, the government had tolerated (if not actually encouraged) communist subversion

Front 27

Alger Hiss

Back 27

subject of investigation for charges of disloyalty
high ranking member of the state department
supposedly passed classified state department documents to the soviet union in 1937 and 1938
convicted of perjury and served several years in prison

Front 28

McCarthyism

Back 28

political action of making accusations of disloyalty,subversion, or treason without proper regard for evidence

Front 29

Korean war

Back 29

result of the political division of Korea by agreement of the victorious allies at the conclusion of the Pacific War

Front 30

George Kennan

Back 30

Writer who's writings inspired the Truman Doctrine and the U.S. foreign policy of "containing" the soviet union

Front 31

golden age: 2 factors why

Back 31

1. booming economic prosperity
2. notion we were winning the war against communism

Front 32

3 C's

Back 32

Conformity
Consumerism
Conservatism

Front 33

Conformity

Back 33

to conform to society's ways; i.e move to the suburbs; t.v. reinforces that

Front 34

Consumerism

Back 34

buying more for a want than need; t.v. begins to advertise products

Front 35

Conservatism

Back 35

got back to the old ways; family unit

Front 36

Consumerism: People of Plenty: why?

Back 36

consumer culture

Front 37

factors why we had so much prosperity

Back 37

1. government spending
2. growth of muddle class. baby boomers
3. growth of suburbs
4. Keynesian Economics

Front 38

Television

Back 38

transformed America in the 50's

Front 39

Sputnik

Back 39

Start of the space race
America starts to put more money in math and science programs

Front 40

Brown v. Board of Education

Back 40

overturns the separate but equal doctrine

Front 41

causes of the civil rights movement

Back 41

the legacy of WW II
the growth of an urban black middle class
voting power
television
cold war implications

Front 42

Dynamic Conservatism

Back 42

Run the government like a business
make a profit

Front 43

Little Rock Crisis

Back 43

group of young african americans that try to integrate the school system by themselves
became known as the Little Rock 9
creates a national exposure/ crisis
federal government intervention
televised

Front 44

Montgomery Bus Boycott

Back 44

first time african americans actually unite and work together
Rosa Parks started movement when she refused to give up her seat for a white man

Front 45

Southern Manifesto

Back 45

Document written by legislatures opposed to racial integration to counter Brown v. Board of education

Front 46

Brinkmanship

Back 46

the practice of pushing a dangerous situation tot he verge of disaster in order to achieve the most advantageous outcome

Front 47

twin themes of the 60's

Back 47

1. liberalism
2. movements

Front 48

2 dilemmas (perils of progress)

Back 48

1. Progress was often self defeating- reforms and innovations often seemed to make things worse, not better
2. Modern industrial society cooperation, at the same time undermining the individual citizen's sense of being essential to the proper functioning of society

Front 49

LBJ (Great Society)

Back 49

New Deal of the 60's
Goal to improve social welfare
Central Goal- attack culture of poverty

Front 50

Kennedy Presidency

Back 50

Activist president
Activist government/ approach

Front 51

Legacies of the Great Society

Back 51

1. an increase in federal spending and large budget deficits (failure)
2. Disillusionment (failure)
3. A reduction in hunger and poverty in the U.S. (achievement)
4. Greater medical assistance for Americans (achievements)