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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Islamic Legacy |
Syrian Christian Monks translate Greek/Roman writing, Islamic people copied more non religious texts, Doctors and medicine, Surgery sterilization |
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Motivations for Exploration |
Trade routes --> wealth, exotic foreign goods Religion --> The Great Commission Finding a faster way to India |
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Feudalism |
Social System where nobility held lands from the crown in exchange for military service. |
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Inventions from the Middle Ages |
3-field system, Printing press, Gun Powder, Spectacles, Clock |
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Columbian Exchange |
Widespread transfer of animals, plants, culture, humans, diseases, technology, ideas between Americans and afro European continents. European colonization and trade and slave trade |
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Byzantine Empire |
Eastern Roman Empire, reestablished Roman law, new Capital pf Rome, Byzantine. Lasted several hundred years after fall of Roman Empire. Flourished while West was in decline. Constantine ruled |
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Fall of Rome |
Barbarian attacks took advantage of politically unstable and fractured state of the Empire |
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William the Conqueror |
Leader of the Norman French Army in the battle of Hastings. Fought agains English. Norman victory, he unified England. Father of Henry the first. |
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Wergil |
Low assigning a price to a person. If you kill them you must pay back their worth |
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Visigoths |
Led by leader Alaric, pushed by Huns with Rome. Asked for port of Northern Italy by Rome did not give it to them. After attacking Rome, Visigoths acquired land. Adding to depletion of Rome - Battle of Adrianople
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Vinland |
Modern day Newfoundland. First Eastern contact with Western World. Viking colony
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Vikings |
Germanic tribes from Scandinavia who were the first to discover north america. They used the sea to conquer and targeted England, Greenland, Vinland, and Europe
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Vassal |
People under mutual contract, pay in money, military service. A holder of land under the service of a king like leader that would pay a tithe to their leader and manage a fief
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Triangular Trade |
Major trade where Europe traded manufactured goods like Rum and Cigars to Africa for slaves which in turn were traded to the Caribbean for raw resources like sugar and Tobacco and then back to Europe -
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Transubstantiation |
Idea that bread and wine are the actual blood and body of Christ.
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Tithe |
Tax taken for the support of the Church
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Three-field System |
Three used to grow crops and one is not then switches every season
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The Prince |
Written by Machiavelli, Political treaty, one of the fist works of political philosophy |
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Tetrarchy |
Rule of Four, Created by Diocletian, Constintine stopped it
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Serf |
The workers of Land under mutual contracts with the lords, got paid money for their military services.
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Renaissance Art |
Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Donatello, Rapael, Humanism and Classicism influence |
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Renaissance |
Classicism, Humanism, Modern state-craft, Relative Secularism, Studias Humanitates |
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Reforms of Diocletian |
Changed Political Structure, Retuned to Barter system, Tetrarchy
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Reformation |
Several Sects of Christianity arose, Caused Several wars throughout Europe, Made the Church irrelevant (95 thesis)
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Reconquista |
Series of campaigns by Christian state to recapture territory from Muslims, Charles the Hammer Martel
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Printing Press |
Increased literacy because of the mass production of literature --> Spread of anti Christian writings 95 Thesis
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Predestination |
Belief that god already knows where each persons soul will go when they die, Part of Reformation, |
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Pogroms |
Persecution of a Religious Group, Largely associated with Jews, Especially during the plague |
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Pluralism |
Nobility could hold more than 1 office at a time, led to absenteeism ( officials ignoring their duties)
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Papal Corruption |
Corruption within the Catholic Church (Indulgences, Pluralism, and Sacraments), Let to the Reformation, Indulgences funded Christopher Columbus exploration
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Manor |
Plot of land with a house, farmed and maintained by serfs
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Magna Carta |
Regulated relationship between King and Feudal lords (EX- common law, statutory law), Influences - government and the US constitution |
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Machiavelli |
Wrote The Prince - which gave rules/guidelines on how to rule a country - , Held on to power by being a dick, Renaissance Era
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Leonardo da Vinci |
Painted the Mona Lisa, and the Last Supper; Inventor, tinkerer, mathematician
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Ka'ba |
Holiest place in Islam, Big cube in Mecca, Muslims make the pilgrimage at least once in a lifetime
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John Calvin |
Reformed the Church, Predestination- the elect are pre determined to go to heaven |
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Joan of Arc |
French heroine, unlikely military hero, leads french to victory at Orleans against English, Burned at the stake and convicted of heresy
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Islam |
Interwoven with Western culture (numbers, medicine, art, architecture, culture founded on faith
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Isaac Newton |
Laid down foundations for classical mechanics, contributed to optics, developed calculus, explanation for gravity
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Indulgances |
Donation to Church for forgiveness of sin, funded Christopher Columbus' exploration
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Humanism |
Concern to develop human potential and value the individual, Relative Secularism - sought to define the place of humanity in God's divine plan (relationship between man and god),
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Hernan Cortez |
Took the city of Tenochtitlan but locals revolted and killed Spanish... small pox was already introduced so they died too
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Heresy |
Belief or opinion contrary to the orthodox religious doctrine (especially Christian)
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Henry VII |
Married Catherine of Aragon but had no male heirs (English Reformation), WHORE, ENGLAND
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Heliocentric |
Sun at the center of the universe, other bodies revolve around it
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Incas |
South American; taken over by Francisco Pizzarro
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Guilds |
Associations of merchants/craftsmen that offered protection to their members and set rules for their work and products
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Great Schism |
2-3 Popes at one time in power, this showed the weakening of the Catholic church.
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Gothic Architecture |
Evolved from the Romanesque architecture, Flying butress
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Geocentric |
Earth is at the center of the universe
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Muhammad |
;The prophet for Islam, Consider him the last prophet, Wrote the holy book Qur'an
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Mongols |
Took over most of Asia but didn't expand to Europe because Khan died, Introduced gun powder to Europe, Ended mongol threat
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Middle Passage |
;Stage of the triangular trade- brought millions of people from Africa to the New World, Part of African slave trade, many died during the voyage
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Michelangelo |
Created the David sculpture, The Sistine Chapel, Accredited with a new style of painting - mannerism
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Martin Luther |
Rejected major Catholic doctrines, Wrote the 95 Thesis which made the church irrelevant, you could only reach salvation through faith not indulgences, Rejected transubstantiation
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Galileo |
Genius in math, astronomy, physics, and thinkering, created the telescope (8x), Moons of Jupiter, Laws of Motion
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Frankish Kingdom |
Germanic Tribe, Established by Clavis |
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Francisco Pizarro |
Took over the Incan Empire, Catholic-Christian
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Flagellant Movement |
Used items to whip themselves as a cure for the black death so God would not punish them with the disease. |
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Fief |
Inherited land or estate, Thanks to Charles the Bald
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Ferdinand Magellan |
Famous for being 1st person to circumnavigate the world - actually killed in Philippines, Reasons to do it - power, profit, middle man trade, religion, used a Caravel ship |
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Crusades |
Only war sanctioned by the Church, Wanted to take Holy Land from Muslims, 9 Crusades )none successful), Impact - cheeks, sparked interest in travel, attacks on Jewish |
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Copernicus |
Heliocentric model: Sun in the center of Universe, Dedicated book to the Pope, More math focused so didn't upset church, "On the Movement of Heavenly Bodies"
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Constantine |
Legalized Christianity (but not yet official religion of Rome), passes Edict of Milan = freedom of religion, demolished tetrarchy, first Christian Emperor (not Holy Roman Emperor) FIRST CHRISTIAN ROMAN EMPEROR
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Confession |
Confessing your sins to the Church, Getting said sins resolved, one sacrament that wasn't in the Bible but yet a Catholic tradition (Martin Luther spoke out against it)
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Classicism |
The "Classics" study of Greek and Roman literature, history, culture, art, architecture, and language, Renaissance men expanded the cannon and sought out long lost manuscripts, RENAISSANCE |
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Church of England |
Henry 8th created it after the Pope rejected his request to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon, Break away from the Catholic Church, Anglican Church
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Christopher Columbus |
Thought he could reach India through Atlantic/Caribbean ocean, Ended up "discovering" America (New World), King Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain funded his journey
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Chivalry |
Knights' code of honor, "horse soldiery", behavior and ethical code of nobility
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Charles "The Hammer" Martel |
Founding father of the middle ages, development of feudalism and knighthood, Battle of Tours - Beginning of Reconquista = prevented Islamic spread into Europe, "Hammered" his opponents, PREVENTED SPREAD OF ISLAMIC EMPIRE INTO EUROPE |
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Charlemagne |
Inherited Frankish Empire, Expanded boarders and removed Lombards from Italy, Attempted to Christianize his empire (Catholic), CROWNED FIRST HOLY ROMAN EMPEROR
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Caravel |
small, highly maneuverable ship with 5 sails, developed by Portuguese, used in exploration in the age of discovery
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Bloody Mary |
Started a movement |
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Black Death |
The Bubonic Plague, High mortality rate, 3 Cures - killing jews, Flagellant movement, Ring around the rosy, 4 causes - God, Jews, Astrological, Earthly exhalation
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Battle of Hastings |
INITIATED NORMAN CONQUEST OF ENGLAND--> Hundred years war was a result, Fought between Norman and French armies and English Army
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Aztecs |
Hernan Cortez conquered them, Motezuma thought Cortez to be Quetzalcoatl (God)
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Arianism |
Conflict over the trinity, Teachings emphasized the Father's divinity over the son, established the church doctrine (HERESY)
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Aqueducts |
Structure that moves water to where it is to where it needs to go, Engineered by the Romans (Roman Arches) |
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95 Thesis |
Made Church irrelevant, people now read the bible themselves, Reformation could not have happened without it, written by Martin Luther3 points:Indulgences, Pluralism, Sacraments (confession)
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100 Years War |
Between France and England, Norman Conquest of England, Edward 3rd tried to claim the French throne, Power struggle over French throne --> Treaty of Troyes (French throne will pass to England) |
