Final

Front 1

In 1860 the ratio of farmers to manufacturingworkers was roughly ____; by 1910 that ratio was ____.

Back 1

c. 3:1; 1:1

Front 2

Between 1870 and 1920, the U.S. laborforce

Back 2

b. grew more rapidly than the population

Front 3

. In the 1870s, roughly ___ percent of immigrantscame from northern and western Europe; by1910, more than ___ percent of the total came from southern and eastern Europe.

Back 3

d. 80; 60

Front 4

By 1920, the average workweek in manufacturingwas about _____hours, although it was significantly lower for _______.

Back 4

b. 50; skilledworkers

Front 5

Between 1860 and 1890,both daily wages and annual earnings

Back 5

d. increased by 50%.

Front 6

Between the 1880s and 1920, women composedroughly ____ of the workforce

Back 6

c. 15–20%

Front 7

In 1910 ____ of children between the ages of 10and 15 had jobs, but by 1920, this percentage had fallen to ______ .

Back 7

c. 20%; lessthan 10%

Front 8

During what period did thegreatest violence between labor and companies occur?

Back 8

c. 1875-1895

Front 9

The Pullmanstrike of 1894

Back 9

c. was led by Eugene V. Debs

Front 10

Most of the increase in total money supplybetween 1860 and 1920 was due to

Back 10

b. the growth of bank deposits.

Front 11

In 1865, Congress raised the tax on state banknotes to 10 percent of the value of notes in circulation. Quantitative evidence shows that by 1900,

Back 11

c. the numberof state banks had increased dramatically.

Front 12

During the Civil War, inflation caused U.S.prices to rise by roughly

Back 12

d. 76%

Front 13

The Bland-Allison Act of 1878 and the subsequentSherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890

Back 13

c. had no significant impact on silver prices orthe price level

Front 14

Persistent U.S. deflation between 1879 and themid-1890s was primarily due to the fact that the ______ was growing faster thanthe ______.

Back 14

b. demand for money; supply of money

Front 15

Americans who supported William Jennings Bryan and the “Free Silver” movement

Back 15

c. wanted to increase the U.S. price level

Front 16

In the election of 1896, supporters of William McKinleyincluded all of the following except

Back 16

b. voters opposed to high tariffs.

Front 17

Deflation

Back 17

c. is good for lenders, but bad for borrowers

Front 18

J.P. Morgan was instrumental inthe formation of

Back 18

b. U.S. Steel Corporation.

Front 19

According to Martha Olney why did blacks buy oninstallment at almost twice the rate of whites?

Back 19

a. Installmentcontracts were formal and could be used legally for repossession while creditagreements could not.

Front 20

Between 1800 and 1910, the percentage of theU.S. population living in cities of 100,000 residents or larger went from ____percent to roughly ___ percent.

Back 20

d. 0; 20

Front 21

What is the most accurate statement about thefraction of the US population that lived in urban areas between 1800 and 1910?

Back 21

a. Thefraction of the US population that lived in urban areas grew steadilythroughout the period.

Front 22

Which of the following is least accurate incharacterizing changes in retailing in the second half of the 19th century?

Back 22

c. Large growth in the number of “generalstores.”

Front 23

What most accurately describes the US comparedto other nations in the early 1900s?

Back 23

b. The US,Great Britain and Germany were the three most industrialized nations.

Front 24

What is most accurate about the United States’trading patterns between 1850 and 1900?

Back 24

d. In 1850,the US’s largest export was raw materials and its larges import was finishedmanufacturers.

Front 25

What most accurately describes the US balance of payments?

Back 25

a. From 1850-1873 the US had an unfavorablebalance of payments, but exports exceeded imports from 1873-1919

Front 26

What most accurately describes imperialism between 1870 and1917?

Back 26

c. The“Roosevelt Corollary” and the Monroe Doctrine were the primary documents thatoutline the US foreign policy.

Front 27

To pay for WWI, the national debt wasexpanded from ___ percent of GDP at the beginning of the war to ___ percent ofGDP by the end of the war.

Back 27

c. 3; 32

Front 28

One of the causes of WWI was_________.

Back 28

b. the assassination in Serbia of AustrianArchduke Ferdinand

Front 29

What best describesthe role of the United States in WWI?

Back 29

c. The U.S. entered the war on the side ofRussia and opposed Austria Hungary.

Front 30

The U.S. financed WWI primarily by:

Back 30

c. borrowingfrom the public

Front 31

Between 1914 and 1920, the US pricelevel ______________.

Back 31

b. nearly doubled.

Front 32

Which of the following was not a reason why wages in the US increased during WWI?

Back 32

d. A largeincrease in the number of women who were employed in the labor market.

Front 33

Robert Higgs argued that ___ best explained thegrowth of “Leviathan” (Big Government).

Back 33

a. crises that changed fundamental ideologies.

Front 34

All of the following are associated with the WarIndustries Board except

Back 34

d. establishing and enforcingminimum wages for manufacturing workers.

Front 35

The War Industries Board, headed by BernardBaruch, performed all of the following functions except

Back 35

d. establishingand enforcing minimum wages for manufacturing workers.

Front 36

Which of the following is not accurate about the roles of women in the 1920s?

Back 36

a. There was a large increase in the number oftwo earner families.

Front 37

Which of the following was not a major source ofeconomic growth in the 1920s?

Back 37

c. railroadconstruction

Front 38

For the first time in the nation's history, by1920 over ____ percent of the population were urban dwellers.

Back 38

b. 50

Front 39

The 1920 census reported that ________ percentof Americans were urban dwellers.

Back 39

c. more than 50

Front 40

The ownership of radios increased from ___percent in 1920 to ___ percent in 1930.

Back 40

c. less than one; 40

Front 41

What is the best description of the US economybetween 1921 and 1928?

Back 41

a. Most of the major sectors were growing veryrapidly.

Front 42

During Prohibition the consumption of alcohol_____ and the crime rate _______.

Back 42

b. fell;increased.

Front 43

During Prohibition crime ____ and the amountspent on law enforcement ____.

Back 43

b. increased dramatically; more than doubled

Front 44

During Prohibition overdose and accidentalpoisoning due to alcohol _____ and the variation in the quality of alcohol_______.

Back 44

d. increased; increased.

Front 45

During the 1920s, income inequality __ and thereturn on schooling was relatively __.

Back 45

b. increased; high

Front 46

During the Great Depression, real GDP decreasedby roughly ____ percent and unemployment rose to roughly ____ percent

Back 46

c. 30; 25

Front 47

The Stock Market Crash of 1929 probablycontributed ____ to the Great Depression because _____.

Back 47

d. a good deal, consumer confidence and spendingon durables were reduced.

Front 48

At its maximum during the Great Depressionunemployment reached approximately ___ percent of the labor force?

Back 48

b. 25

Front 49

In the US in the 1920s, there were many bankfailures in ___ areas, as the result of ___.

Back 49

b. rural, pro-urban Federal spending policies.

Front 50

During the Federal Bank Holidayordered by President Roosevelt

Back 50

c. the banks were inspected.

Front 51

The failure of the Bank of the United States in December 1930probably intensified the banking panic for each of the following reasons exceptthat it proved that ___

Back 51

c. New York Banks could fail

Front 52

The first banking crisis of the 1930s wasprobably caused by

Back 52

b. the stock market crash

Front 53

Between 1929 and 1933, nominal interest rates____, and real interest rates ____.

Back 53

c. fell, rose

Front 54

Andrea Schwatz has argued that the GreatDepression was caused by

Back 54

a. the fall in the stock of money

Front 55

One reason the Federal Reserve Board in Washington did not actas a lender of last resort during the early years of the Great Depression, wasits power struggle with ____.

Back 55

c. Federal Reserve Bank of New York

Front 56

Which U.S. President was in office for most ofWWII?

Back 56

c. Franklin D. Roosevelt

Front 57

In 1940, federal government purchases of goods and servicesequaled roughly _____ of GDP; by 1943, this figure had risen to ________.

Back 57

b. 8%; 50%

Front 58

In 1940, civilian purchases of goods and services equaledroughly _____ of GDP; by 1943, this figure had changed to ________.

Back 58

a. 92%; 50%

Front 59

Between 1940 and 1944, real Federal spendingincreased by roughly ____ percent.

Back 59

d. 1000

Front 60

The draft is analogous to a tax, where theamount of the tax equals

Back 60

c. thedifference between what a soldier would need to be paid to serve voluntarilyand his/her actual pay.

Front 61

The GI Bill is often cited as a successfulexample of

Back 61

c. a voucher program