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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is an interneuron? |
They link up sensory and motor neuron activity in the CNS |
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What makes up the myelencephalon (spinal cord)? |
Medulla oblongata, fourth ventricle |
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What makes up the metencephalon (across brain)? |
Cerebellum, pons, fourth ventricle |
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What is the mesencephalon (midbrain)? |
Tectum, tegmentum, cerebral aqueduct |
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What is the diencephalon (between brain)? |
Includes the thalamus, hypothalamus, pineal body, third ventricle |
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What makes up the telencephalon (endbrain or forebrain)? |
Neocortex, basal ganglia, limbic system, olfactory bulb, lateral ventricles |
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What connects the 3rd and 4th ventricle? |
Cerebral aqueduct |
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What does PNS include? |
Somatic NS and Autonomic NS |
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What does somatic NS include? |
Cranial nerves and spinal nerves |
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What does autonomic NS include? |
Sympathetic and parasympathetic |
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What is the role of the cerebellum? |
Motor coordination and motor learning, integrate motor functions with mental processes. Damage results to in equilibrium problems, postural defects and impairment of skilled activity |
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What do nuclei from the pons do? |
They bridge inputs from cerebellum to rest of brain |
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What does medulla do? |
Supports vital functions like breathing and cardiovascular functioning |
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What are the two main subdivisions of the midbrain? |
Tectum or roof- posterior sensory component Tegmentum or floor- motor structure |
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What are the two main subdivisions of the midbrain? |
Tectum or roof- posterior sensory component Tegmentum or floor- motor structure |
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What are the two structures of the Tectum that receive sensory information? |
Superior colliculi-receive projections of the eye Inferior colliculi- receive projections from auditory receptors of ears |
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What are structures of the tegmentum? |
Red nucleus, substantia nigra, periacqueductal gray matter. The cerebral aqueduct is also in there |
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What is function of the substantia nigra? |
Connects to forebrain primarily BG. Important for movement and for placing value on things that are rewarding and acquiring good and bad habits in relation to valued objects. Projections important in drug addiction and compulsive gambling. Damages in PD |
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What is role of hypothalamus? |
Most aspects of motivated behavior including feeding, sexual behavior, sleeping, temp regulation, emotional behavior and movement. Each nucleus mainly involved in regulating one kind of behavior. Connects to and interacts with pituitary gland |
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What is function of epithalamus? |
Collection of nuclei at posterior of diencephalon. Pineal gland there related to melatonin and seasonal body rhythms. Decartes was wrong |
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What are three main structures of telencephalon? |
Neocortex, basal ganglia, limbic system |
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What are the parts of BG? |
Putamen, GP, caudate nucleus |
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What part of BG receives projections from cortex and sends its own projections? |
Caudate receives and putamen and GP sends projections to the thalamus and from there to frontal cortical areas |
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What are three main functions of BG? |
Connect sensory regions of cortex to motor regions of cortex Regulate movement so it is fluid Involved in associative learning, which is learning when one stimulus or event is associated with another- necessary to coordinate sensory and motor skills |
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What are parts of Papez circuit? |
Mamillary bodies of hypothalamus connect to hippocampus through the fornix |
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What did Papez originally think about his circuit? |
He thought it was related to emotion. Today we think of it as related to personal memory, spatial behavior, emotion, and EF |
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How many layers are in the neocortex? |
6 |
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What are 4 types of axon projections that connect cortical regions? |
Long connections between one lobe and another Relatively short connections between one part of lobe and another Interhemispheric connections (commissures) between one hemisphere and the other (eg corpus callosum and anterior commissure) Connections through the thalamus |
