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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the cause of fescue poisoning? |
consumption of tall fescue grass infected with mold |
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What are signs of fescue poisoning? |
prolonged pregnancy thickening of placenta dystocia decreased or no milk production (agalactia) |
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What develops when horses encounter moldy corn disease? |
the brain produces lesions |
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How do you avoid moldy corn disease and Afungal toxins? |
do not give horses moldy looking feed and purchase grain mixes that contain mold inhibitors |
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Why are ionophores poisonous to horses? |
because they are produced by molds |
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Affects to horses... 1) at 30 g/ton: 2) at 90-110 g/ton: 3) at 250 g/ton: |
1) loss of appetite and mild colic symptoms 2) 1 in 3 horses will die 3) all horses die within 12-24 hours |
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Poisoning caused by ___. |
lipid-cation complexes |
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What does iononphore poisoning affect most in the horse? |
cardiac muscles and cells |
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In what feed do we find blister beetles? |
alfalfa |
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How many species of blister beetles affect horses? |
6 |
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What is the poison found in blister beetles called? |
cantharadin |
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Symptoms of blister beetle poisoning. |
diarrhea dehydration nuzzling water |
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What is a lethal "dose" of blister beetles? |
over 100 beetles or beetle parts |
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What are enteroliths? |
intestinal calculi or stones (form in the presence of foreign objects) |
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3 main concerns when purchasing feed |
availability palatability affordability |
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What is an appropriate amount of fat supplementation? What is the max? |
5-10% 20% |
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What is protein made up of? |
amino acids |
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2 Downsides of over consumption of protein. |
1) additional work for the kidney 2) increases H2O loss |
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What mineral does limestone provide? |
Calcium |
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Where is Vitamin A stored? |
in the liver |
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Deficiency of Vitamin A can result in: |
night blindness excessive tears anorexia |
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What is a benefit of Vitamin E? |
improves immune response |
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What is a benefit of Vitamin K? |
prevents blood clotting |
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What is a neutraceutical? |
a food that acts like a drug |
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Why is wrong with herbal supplements? |
they are not regulated |
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Devil's claw effects |
anti-inflammatory |
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Valerian Root effects |
sedative considered a "calming aid" |
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What are 2 major goals for joint supplements? |
to heal and to prevent |
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2 Causes of abnormal joints? |
1) mechanical stress (poor conformation or injury) 2) chemical stress (bacterial) |
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What does GAG stand for? |
glycosaminoglycans |
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Chondroitin Sulfate purpose |
to help with cartilage damage and inhibit enzyme destruction |
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What percentage of chondroitin sulfate is actually absorbed by the gut? |
32% |
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Purpose of Hyaluronic Acid |
lubricates joints and cushions cartilage |
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What does MSM stand for? |
methylsulfunylmethane |
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Manganese is a ___ mineral. |
trace |
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Glucosamine is a ___ to GAG. |
precursor |
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Glucosamine is the ___ ___ step in production of GAGs. |
rate-limiting |
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Glucosamine has an ___ effect. |
Anti-inflammatory |
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What is the precursor for Vitamin A? |
beta carotene |
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What is a the toxic level of selenium? |
18 mg/day |
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What should the 1st ingredient be in electrolytes? |
salt (NaCl) |
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What do they preload for competitions |
electrolytes |
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What is a common hoof supplement? |
biotin |
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What is the recommended dosage of biotin per day? |
20 mg/day |
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Name 3 calming aids |
vitamin B tryptophan (is an amino acid) magnesium |
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Yeast (increases/decreases) fiber digestion? |
increases (it helps stabilize gut pH) |
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What does anhidrosis mean? |
it means that the horse can't sweat |
