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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What did the Nuclear Non-Proliferation make countries with nuclear weapons agree to?
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Not give any other countries nuclear weapons- helps stop the spread of nuclear weapons.
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What does SALT stand for?
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Strategic Arms Limitations Talks.
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When did SALT 1 talks begin and end?
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1969 with Nixon; Ended with signing of treaty in 1972.
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What did SALT 1 do?
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Place a limit on the number of ICBMs allowed, only 2 anti-ballistic systems allowed, froze arms race.
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What happened between China and the USA in 1971?
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'Ping-Pong diplomacy'- improved relations. US dropped its veto for China to join UN (joins in '71).
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What accelerated SALT 1 talks?
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Nixon's visit to China in 1972.
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When did Nixon visit chairman Mao in China?
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1972.
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Why were talks SALT 1 talks delayed in starting?
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The Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968.
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Why was SALT 1 good for USSR?
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Needed to save money, desperately!
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When was the Helsinki agreement?
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1975.
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What did the Helsinki agreement state?
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1) West must recognise Eastern Europe frontiers and Soviet 'sphere of influence. 2) Soviets agreed to buy US grain+ export oil to them. 3) USSR promised to respect human rights. |
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What does détente mean?
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The easing of strained relations.
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When was the joint space mission Apollo-Soyuz?
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1975.
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When did Carter become president?
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1977, replaces Nixon.
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What was difference between Carter and Nixon?
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Carter was much less hard-line to begin with, Congress thought SALT 2 was too nice.
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What caused the official end to détente?
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The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.
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What did the USSR do in 1977 which started causing suspicions in the USA?
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Replacing their out-of-date ICBMS with SS-20s.
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How did Carter react to the new SS-20s in Europe?
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Introduced Pershing-II missiles in 1979 and developed the Cruise missiles- couldn't be detected on radar.
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What did SALT 2 make both sides agree to?
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1) Upper limit of 2500 missiles. 2) Limit on other weapons e.g. bombers. 3) Testing and inspections to ensure each side was complying. |
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When was the war in Afghanistan?
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1979-1989.
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What did the Mujahidin disagree with in Afghanistan in 1978?
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The reforms by the leader of the PDPA, Amin. Went against Muslim laws e.g. emancipation of women, new marriage laws, distribution of land.
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What did the Mujahidin want to do in 1979?
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Set up an Islamic State, like in Iran.
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Why was Brezhnev worried about the Mujahidin?
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Might spark off the 30 million Muslims in the USSR to protest against government/rebel (Iran already Islamic State).
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Technically, the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan was following...
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The Brezhnev Doctrine- 'right and duty' to invade nay country where Communism was being threatened, Afghanistan threatening Communism on USSR's borders.
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What were alternative reasons why the USSR invaded Afghanistan?
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To keep supply route to the oil-rich Persian Gulf free; Fight off US secret involvement- been giving money to Mujahidin for 6 months; Expand its influence; Afraid Amin was too close w/ West+ eliminating Soviet supporters in gov.
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What was the reaction of President Jimmy Carter to the invasion of Afghanistan?
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Immediately condemned it, saying threat to world peace, would have to pay the consequences for their actions.
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In January 1980, the General Council of the UN voted...
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104 to 18 in favour of condemning the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan.
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What was the primary reason Brezhnev stated he went to war in Afghanistan?
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To protect the USSR from a Muslim uprising.
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Where did Carter send a US force to after the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan?
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The Arabian Sea- to protect the oil routes, stating the US would resist any attempt bu an opposing force to gain control of the Persian Gulf (Carter Doctrine).
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What was suspended after the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan?
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Trade between the USA and the USSR on goods such as grain and technology.
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What did Jimmy Carter advise Congress NOT to do after the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan?
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Ratify the SALT 2 agreement.
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What did the Americans publically do to show their opposition to the Afghan war?
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Boycott the Moscow Olympics, along with 60 other nations.
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What type of warfare was used in the Afghan war?
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Guerrilla tactics.
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What did the Soviets initially capture in the Afghan war?
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The airport at Kabul- enabling troops to be airlifted into Afghanistan.
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Who did the Soviets assassinate and replace with Karmal in 1979?
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President Amin.
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How much of Afghanistan did the Mujahidin control?
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80%.
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Afghans felt...
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Great nationalism.
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How much money did the Mujahidin receive from the US and Osama bin Laden each year?
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$600 million.
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What did the US give the Mujahidin to destroy Soviet helicopters?
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American Stinger anti-aircraft missiles- destroyed 333 Soviet helicopters.
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What year did the USSR start looking for a way out?
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1982!
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How many Soviet troops died?
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15,000.
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How much did the Afghan war cost the Soviets?
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$20 billion.
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