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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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*Transportation *Receiving *Storage *Production *Assembly *Warehousing *Shipping *Offices *Buildings *Grounds *Location *Safety *Scrap |
Scope of Facilities Design (Areas of Interest) |
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*The product to be made or service to be performed *The overall flow of material or activity |
The work of designing a facility usually starts with an analysis of: |
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*An effecient plan for the flow of materials *The material flow pattern *Material handling *Effective arrangement of facilities around the material flow pattern *Efficient operation of the processes |
IMPORTANCE OF FACILITIES DESIGN |
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*Facilitate the manufacturing process *Minimize material handling *Maintain flexibility of arrangement and operation *Maintain high turn over of work in process *Hold down investment in equipment *Make economical ise of building cube *Promote effective utilization of manpower *Provide for employee convenience, safety, and comfort in doing the work |
OBJECTIVES OF FACILITIES DESIGN |
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1. Arrange machines, equipment, and work areas 2. Eliminate all delays possible 3. Plan the flow 4. Maintain quality of work by planning |
FACILITATING THE MANUFACTURING PROCESS |
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1. Reduce manual handling of materials to a minimum 2. Minimizing walking 3. Balance machine cycles 4. Provide for effective supervision |
PROMOTING EFFECTIVE USE OF MANPOWER |
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1. Gather information 2. Develop a block plan 3. Design a detailed lay-out |
3 BASIC STEPS IN DESIGNING PROCESS LAY OUTS |
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*Space requirements by center *Available space *Closeness ratings *A REL chart *Other considerations |
STEP 1. GATHER INFORMATION |
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Space requirements |
- specific equipment and space needed for each center, provide for aisles, and the like. |
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25 percent |
- Circulation space may consume atleast ------ of the center's total space |
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Block plan |
- is a rough space allocation for each dept and indicates its placement |
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Closeness Ratings |
- layout designer must also know which centers need to be located close to one another |
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From-To Matrix or REL Chart |
- gives the number of trips btwn each pair of depts |
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Lay out Planning |
- involves decisions about the physical arrangement of economic activity centers within a facility |
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Goal of Lay out Planning |
- To allow workers and equipment to operate at peak effectiveness and effeiciency |
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*What centers should the lay out include? *How much space and capacity does each center need? *How should each center's space be configured? *Where should each center be located? |
FOUR QUESTIONS IN LAY OUT PLANNING |
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Proper lay out |
- falitates the flow of materials and more efficient utilization of labor and equipment |
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Lay out |
- can reduce hazards to workers, improve employee morale, and aid communication |
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* Whether to select a single-story or multiple-story design *Whether to open up the planning process to employee suggestions *What type of lay out to choose *What performance criteria to emphasize |
LAY OUT CHOICES |
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Process lay out |
- low-volume, high-variety production |
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Product lay out |
- repetitive or continuous production |
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Hybrid lay out |
- combines elements of both a product and process focus |
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Fixed-Position lay out |
- the product is particularly massive or difficult to move |
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Process lay out |
- groups work stations or depts according to functions |
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Process lay out |
- same operation must intermittently produce mny different products or serve many different customers |
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* More flexible * Equipment utilization is high * Employee supervision can be specialized |
ADVANTAGES OF PROCESS LAY OUT |
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* Processing rates tend to be slower * More space and capital are tied up in inventory * Materials handling tends to be costly |
DISADVANTAGES OF PROCESS LAY OUT |
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Product lay out |
- arranges work stations or depts in a linear path |
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Product lay out |
- often called production or assembly line |
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* Faster processing rates * Lower inventories * Less unproductive time lost to changeover |
ADVANTAGES OF PRODUCT LAY OUT |
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* Capital-intensive * Riskier for products or services with short or uncertain lives |
DISADVANTAGES OF PRODUCT LAY OUT |
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* FMS * GT * OWMM |
OTHER HYBRID LAY OUTS |
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Group Technology (GT) |
- groups parts or products with similar characteristics into families and sets aside groups of machines for their production |
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Families |
- maybe based on size, shape, manufacturing or routing requirements or demand |
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Group Technology (GT) |
- the goal is to find a set of products with similar processing requirements and minimize machine set up |
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* Less set up time * Lower WIP inventory * Less materials handling * Reduced cycle time * Increased opportunities for automation |
BENEFITS OF GT |
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One Worker, Multiple Machine (OWMM) |
- a worker operates several diff machines simultaneously |
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Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS) |
- configuration of computer-controlled, semi-independent work stations where materials are automaticaly handled and machine loaded. |
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Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS) |
- a type of flexible automation and is part of CIM |
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Computerized Numerically Controlled |
CNC |
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Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS) |
- the goal is to synchronize activities to maximize the system's utilization |
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Fixed-Position Lay out |
- product is fixed in place; workers, along with their tools and equipment, come to the product to work on it |
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* Capital Investment * Materials Handling * Flexibility * Other Criteria |
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA |
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Lay out Flexibility |
- means that either that the facility remains desirable after significant changes occur or that it can be easily adapted in response to them |
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* Inefficient operations * Accidents or safety hazard * Changes in the design of products or services * Intro of new products or services * Changes in the volume of output or mix outputs * Changes in methods or equipment * Changes in environment or other legal requirements * Morale Problems |
COMMON REASONS FOR REDESIGN OF LAY OUTS |
