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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Indigenous People in Africa Derive their beliefs upon...
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Often still tied to the land
All things in nature are related Everything originates from a divine one Sources can be different: Sun, Sky, water, earth All creation is similar but each thing has a unique purpose All matter was created for the define purpose All persons must study them selves and find their place in the divine purpose |
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Animism
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derived from the Latin word anima meaning breath or soul, assigning animal characteristic to humans
A form of religion centered on relating to spiritual powers or beings who permeate the world. The spiritual power may be conceived as an impersonal force running through everything and capable of being used for good or evil. The unseen power also may be understood as numerous spirits, some of whom are friendly, some "tricksters," and some dangerous. Spirits and humans are interdependent parts of a single cosmos. Animist groups have no elaborate religious organization and no required creed. Individuals may be recognized as vehicles for communicating directly with spirits (shamans, spirit-mediums). These religious specialists also may be healers or diviners. Fasting is common as a way of preparing for the bodily reception of the sacred or for allowing the sacral power within to emerge. Ritual activity tends to be magical. Rituals attempt to control spiritual powers or beings for the benefit of oneself or groups with whom one is identified. While animists can be found in almost all Asian countries, they are more than 5% of the population only in Laos. Animists are between 1% and 5% of the population in Burma, India, Indonesia, Kampuchea, Malaysia, and Vietnam. |
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Catholicism
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Catholicism is distinguished from other forms of Christianity in its particular understanding and commitment to tradition, the sacraments, the mediation between God, communion, and the See of Rome.[1] According to Orthodox leaders like Bishop Kallistos Ware, the Orthodox Church has these things as well, though the primacy of the See of Rome is only honorific, showing non-jurisdictional respect for the Bishop of Rome as the "first among equals" and "Patriarch of the West".[17] Catholicism, according to McBrien's paradigm, includes a monastic life, religious orders, a religious appreciation of the arts, a communal understanding of sin and redemption, and missionary activity.
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Protestantism
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The chief characteristics of original Protestantism were the acceptance of the Bible as the only source of infallible revealed truth, the belief in the universal priesthood of all believers, and the doctrine that a Christian is justified in his relationship to God by faith alone, not by good works or dispensations of the church. There was a tendency to minimize liturgy and to stress preaching by the ministry and the reading of the Bible. Although Protestants rejected asceticism, an elevated standard of personal morality was advanced; in some sects, notably Puritanism, a high degree of austerity was reached. Their ecclesiastical polity, principally in such forms as episcopacy (government by bishops), Congregationalism, or Presbyterianism, was looked upon by Protestants as a return to the early Christianity described in the New Testament.
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Judaism
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More concerned about actions than beliefs.
Judaism focuses on relationships: the relationship between G-d and mankind, between G-d and the Jewish people, between the Jewish people and the land of Israel, and between human beings. Our scriptures tell the story of the development of these relationships, from the time of creation, through the creation of the relationship between G-d and Abraham, to the creation of the relationship between G-d and the Jewish people, and forward. The scriptures also specify the mutual obligations created by these relationships, although various movements of Judaism disagree about the nature of these obligations. Some say they are absolute, unchanging laws from G-d (Orthodox); some say they are laws from G-d that change and evolve over time (Conservative); some say that they are guidelines that you can choose whether or not to follow (Reform, Reconstructionist). For more on these distinctions, see Movements of Judaism. |
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Islam
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God= Only one God, called Allah
Key figure in history-= Muhammad (or Mohammed) —A.D. 570-632 —The last in the line of prophets and the final authority —Like the other prophets, he was infallible and sinless Teachings on Christ = The person: A major prophet but not the Son of God His work: —Lived a sinless life —Taught people the Golden Rule —Didn’t die on cross but was taken to heaven by Allah Holy Spirit = Many Muslims call the angel Gabriel the Holy Spirit because he brought the text of the Quran. Holy writings = Quran (Koran) —A later revelation, superseding and correcting errors in the Bible —The source of all certainty Doctrine of humanity = Created by God with ability to follow will of Allah Doctrine of sin = Sin caused by forgetfulness, human weakness and a spirit of rebellion Doctrine of salvation = Achieved by submitting to the will of Allah and living a good life —Works oriented Meeting site = Mosque (masjid in Arabic) Life after death = Final judgment with destination of paradise or hell |
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Santeria
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West African and Caribbean origin, also known as Regla de Ocha, La Regla Lucumi, or Lukumi.
Santeria is a religious practice which is found throughout the Caribbean, particularly in Cuba. It is one of several Caribbean religions blending Roman Catholic beliefs with traditional African practices. Like many other religions which have their origins in slavery, Santeria is mysterious to those who do not practice it, and the culture which surrounds it is very closed to outsiders. Santeria integrates beliefs held by the Yoruba and Bantu people of Nigeria, Senegal, and the Guinea Coast. These peoples were brought to the Caribbean as slaves and encouraged to convert to Catholicism so that they could be saved. In an attempt to retain their cultural heritage, Santeria arose. Followers of Santeria are known as Lukumi, which means friend, or Aborisha, which means worshiper of the Orisha. Aborisha believe in a single higher deity, who is called Olorun. Olurun is a powerful source of Ashe, which is the divine life force in the tradition of Santeria. All objects have Ashe in varying levels, and understanding Ashe at a deeper level will bring a better understanding of the world. Olorun is accompanied by a pantheon of Orisha or Saints, all of whom have distinct personalities. Santeria is often compared with voodoo. Although the two religions are similar, the primary difference is that under the tradition of Santeria, the Orisha are interchangeable with Catholic saints. This is not the case with voodoo, which worships the Orisha as entirely separate deities. A rich cultural tradition accompanies Santeria and other similar religious practices. Santeria honors Olorun and his pantheon of saints in a number of ways. Animal sacrifices are made to feed the Orisha. Feeding the Orisha is supposed to bring good luck, purification, and forgiveness. It is also believed that the Orisha will grow restless and angry without animal sacrifice and human prayer, which might have catastrophic results. Chickens are commonly used, although larger sacrifices may also be made. The practice also incorporates dancing and music. At festivals, dances are performed to raise the Orisha, who possess bystanders or priests to send messages. The Orisha are viewed as very human individuals, who enjoy parties and interaction rather than remote veneration. They are also capable of making mistakes. The Orisha may request specific offerings or rituals called Ebo from followers, while a particular Orisha may be petitioned for a unique need. |
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Voodou
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Vodou (Also spelled Vodoun, Voodoo, and several other variants) is a syncretic religion combining Roman Catholicism and native African religion, particularly the religion of the Dahomey region of Africa (the modern day nation of Benin). It is primarily found in Haiti, New Orleans, and other locations within the Caribbean.
Followers of Vodou, known as Vodouisants, believe in a single, supreme godhead that can be equated with the Catholic God. This deity is known as Bondye. Vodouisants also accept the existence of lesser beings, which they call loa or lwa, which are more intimately involved in day-to-day life, (as opposed to Bondye, who is a remote figure). The lwa are frequently invited to possess a believer during ritual so that the community can directly interact with them. The relationship between humans and lwa is a reciprocal one. Believers provide food and other items that appeal to the lwa in exchange for their assistance. A variety of animals might be killed during a Vodou ritual, depending upon the lwa being addressed. It provides spiritual sustenance for the lwa, while the flesh of the animal is then cooked and eaten by participants. Rituals commonly involve the drawing of certain symbols known as veves with cornmeal or other powder. Each lwa has its own symbol, and some have multiple symbols associated with them. There is no standardized dogma within Vodou. Two temples within the same city might therefore teach different mythologies and appeal to the lwa in different ways. As such, the information provided here cannot always reflect the beliefs of all Vodou believers. For example, sometimes lwa are associated with different families, Catholic saints, or veves. Some common variations are included here. African slaves brought their native traditions with them when they were forcefully transported to the new world. However, they were generally forbidden from practicing their religion, so they started to equate their gods with Catholic saints and perform their rituals using the items and imagery of the Catholic Church. |
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What are some contributing disciplines involved in Folk Healing?
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Mathematics
Chemistry Biology Psychology Sociology Anthropology Theology |
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Efficacy Definition?
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capacity for producing a desired result or effect;
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Why does Culture Exist? What does this have to do with civilization?
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Humans (as far as we know) are the only ones to transmit culture. We create it as a necessary part of function for civilization, for order and understanding.
As Civilization becomes more complex the requirements of a successful participant increase. |
