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Front 1

Steps in developing a forestry extension program.

Back 1

Identify the needs.

Provide sufficient accurate information.

Guide people tactfully.

Properly balance the commitment of people and the external assistance.

Front 2

- more traditional. Also called “Blueprint approach”.

Back 2

TOP-DOWN APPROACH

Front 3

Disadvantages of top down approach

Back 3

Limited in scope.It is impossible for the government staff to reach every village effectively.Leave team members demoralized and demotivated as they typically have very little control over what they are expected to do and how they are expected to do it.Extension workers job begins and ends with human beings.

Front 4

Beneficiaries influence the direction and execution of a development project. They are included in the whole process of project management.

Back 4

BOTTOM-UP APPROACH

Front 5

Objectives are still determined by organizational leadership, but the team members who will be doing the work are asked to provide input as to how the project goals will be met.

Back 5

BOTTOM-UP APPROACH

Front 6

Initial project phases was quite time consuming since project leader need to incorporate input from many stakeholders into the project plan.

Back 6

Disadvantage BOTTOM-UP APPROACH

Front 7

The process of getting people involved in the decision-making process

Back 7

PARTICIPATORY APPROACH

Front 8

Intended beneficiaries of development are afforded the opportunity to a) share what they have, b) express what they feel, and c) articulate what they want.

Back 8

PARTICIPATORY APPROACH

Front 9

is essential where the direct beneficiaries take part in the whole process of project management. People oriented approach elicits the ability of the community to solve their own problems rather than outsider imposing solutions to their problems.

Back 9

Participatory development

Front 10

Methods of Forestry Extension

Back 10

1. Individual contacts

2. Group contacts

3. Mass contacts

Front 11

Individual contacts types:

Back 11

Farm and home visit

Technical assistance or consultation

Information discussion

Front 12

interpersonal contact between the extension worker and his client in the farmer's home or farm.

Back 12

Farm and home visit

Front 13

an information seeking client receives advise from a professionally competent extension agent.

Back 13

Technical assistance or consultation

Front 14

an informal interpersonal contact between the extension agent and the client outside the farm or home.

Back 14

Information discussion

Front 15

Group contacts types

Back 15

Method demonstration

Result demonstration

Farmers class

Field Trips

Front 16

presentation of different procedures in accomplishing a given activity.

Back 16

Method demonstration

Front 17

designed to show by example the practical application of an established practice based on the results of research.

Back 17

Result demonstration

Front 18

an organized out of school classes designed to offer alternative solutions to problems identified by farmers.

Back 18

Farmers class

Front 19

a planned trip usually outside the community for farmers to see and witness a certain improved practice or successful project.

Back 19

Field trips

Front 20

Mass contacts types

Back 20

Print

Broadcast

Audio-visual

Front 21

bulletins, brochures, leaflets, circulars, newsletters, newspapers or magazines.

Back 21

Print

Front 22

radio or television programs.

Back 22

Broadcast

Front 23

movies, slide presentation, exhibits, posters, charts, graphs and other three-dimensional media like models, dioramas, etc.

Back 23

Audio-visual

Front 24

For successful implementation, an extension program requires

Back 24

Goals

Targetgroups

Message

Methods

Organization

Front 25

Importance of Extension Education

Back 25

research results reaches to farmers and farmers problems to research stations.

bridges the gap

Devises educational programs to solve those problems

Recognizes and utilizes indigenous knowledge to

Front 26

A group of people, a form of social organization, living in a geographical area and have common interest for the purpose of making living

Back 26

Community

Front 27

An integrated activity initiated and carried out by the local community as units of action with or without outside assistance for the betterment of standard of living.

Back 27

Community Development

Front 28

A process of change from traditional to progressive ways of living

Back 28

Community Development

Front 29

It is a tool for community development and a means where the community development ends.

Back 29

Extension Education

Front 30

Essential Elements of Community Development (CD)

Guiding principles of CD (as summarized United Nations Economic and Social Council)

Back 30

Expressed the needs of people;Integrated approach;Change the attitudes;

Better participation of people;Local leadership;Participation of youth and women;Assistance for self-help projects for communities;Full use of local organization; andEconomic and local progress at local level necessitates parallel development on wider national scale.

Front 31

Starts from a theoretical or conceptual framework and leads to practical or actual field work.

Back 31

Formal education

Front 32

In this type of education there is fixed or pre-decided curriculum.

Back 32

Formal education

Front 33

Audience is homogeneous with common goals.

Back 33

Formal education

Front 34

Since rural people lack adequate knowledge, they should be taught and instructed how to plant and manage trees.

Back 34

Formal education

Front 35

Practical, field and farmer's problem-oriented, thus it starts from a practical and develops into a theoretical or basic understanding.

Back 35

Extension Education

Front 36

There is no fixed curriculum. it has also possible flexibilities depending on the learners.

Back 36

Extension Education

Front 37

Rural people are clearly aware of the importance of trees and shrubs in the local environment.

Back 37

Extension Education

Front 38

The audience is heterogeneous and have diversified goals.

Back 38

Extension Education

Front 39

Teaching is vertical and curriculum centered.

Back 39

Formal education

Front 40

Strict adherence to institutional norms and no free choice for the learners.

Back 40

Formal education

Front 41

Specialized nature, class-oriented, subject centered and degree-oriented

Back 41

Formal education

Front 42

Learners are taught directly by the teachers

Back 42

Formal education

Front 43

Teaching is horizontal and mostly need based and problem oriented.

Back 43

Extension Education

Front 44

Freedom and choice of subject matter left to the learners.

Back 44

Extension Education

Front 45

Informal, with some elements of formal education in class teaching, but not degree oriented.

Back 45

Extension Education

Front 46

Local teachers are used for training and dissemination of knowledge.

Back 46

Extension Education

Front 47

In community-based forest management programs, a community encompasses the following descriptions:

Back 47

Group of peopleTerritoryLength of stay

Front 48

Types of Communities

Back 48

Rural Communities

Urban communities

Suburban communities

Rurban communities

Front 49

The Basic Characteristics of Rural Communities

Back 49

Relatively small populationHomogenousDominant activityRelationship Group Unity

Front 50

Basic Characteristics of Urban Community

Back 50

Population density is high.Secondary type of relationship (impersonal and formal).Diverse specialization.Anonymity

Front 51

Occupations of people

Back 51

non-farming,

non-mining,

non-fishing.

Front 52

This community sometimes falls under urban or metropolitan. This is an outlaying area of the city.

Back 52

Suburban Community

Front 53

Describes smaller towns that are rural geographically but urban socially. It’s semi-rural, semi-urban thus, “rurban”. Rurban towns are populated by urban escapes seeking a small-town atmosphere. They are usually situated near the city, somewhere in that nebulous rural-urban fringe.

Back 53

Rurban Community