Eye Abnormalities:

Front 1

Ptosis

Back 1

Upper eyelid drooping

Front 2

Entropion

Back 2

Inward turning of lid margin, common in elderly

Front 3

Ectropion

Back 3

Outward turning of lid margin, common in elderly

Front 4

Exophalmos

Back 4

Wide-eyed stare – Graves disease if bilateral, tumor if unilateral

Front 5

Dacrocystitis

Back 5

Lacrimal sac inflammation

Front 6

Conjunctivitis
(conjunctival injection)

Back 6

Diffuse redness of conjunctiva
discharge (pus)
mild pain/discomfort
clear cornea

note: conjunctival injection (reddening) is more superficial therefore more red than corneal injection (deeper/less red)

Front 7

Subconjunctival hemorrhage

Back 7

Homogoneous sharply demarcated red area which disappears over a few days after fading to yellow. No pain, vision loss, etc, often no significance

Front 8

3 names for same thing:
Corneal injection
Corneal infection
iritis

Back 8

Ciliary injection (injection = reddening)
decreased vision
severe pain
pus is trapped within eye but not leaking as in Conjunctivitis

(infection is deeper therefore pain is greater than conjunctival infections)

Front 9

Glaucoma

Back 9

Aching pain, cloudy cornea, dilated fixed pupil, acute increase in pressure = emergency

Front 10

Corneal Arcus

Back 10

Normal change in aging, can mean hyperlipoproteinemia in younger people

Front 11

Corneal scar

Back 11

Superficial opacity, due to old injury

Front 12

Pterygium

Back 12

Thicking of bulbar conjunctiva which grows over the outer surface of the cornea

Note:
bulbar conjunctiva = covers eye
palpebral conjunctiva = covers eyelid

Front 13

Cataracts

Back 13

Opacities of the lens, visible through the pupil

Front 14

Tonic pupil

Back 14

One pupil is large and doesn’t really react to light (does not constrict)

Front 15

CN III paralysis

Back 15

Dilated pupil is fixed to light and near effort

Front 16

Horners

Back 16

Small pupil, reacts to light and near effort

Front 17

Argyll Robertson pupils

Back 17

Accommodate but do not react to light

Front 18

Myopia

Back 18

Impaired far vision
near sighted
("my is that opia?"

Front 19

Presbyopia

Back 19

far sighted
Impaired near vision found in middle aged and older people

"pressed by opia and didn't see her"

Front 20

Hyperopia

Back 20

Impaired near vision

Front 21

Enlarged blind spot (3 causes)

Back 21

Conditions affecting optic nerve –
glaucoma,
optic neuritis,
papilledema

Front 22

Episcleritis

Back 22

Local redness in eye

Front 23

Crescent sign

Back 23

Narrow angle glaucoma
(shadow surrounding the optic disc)

Front 24

Asymetrical corneal light reflex

Back 24

Deviation from the normal ocular alignment

Front 25

Lid lag

Back 25

Hyperthyroidism (upper lid wont move down)

Front 26

INO
(internuclear ophthalmoplegia)

Back 26

CNVI paralysis
(abducen's nerve)

Front 27

No red reflex

Back 27

Cataract, detached retina, retinoblastoma, fake eye

Front 28

Loss of spontaneous venous pulsations

Back 28

Early sign of increased ICP

Front 29

Macular degeneration

Back 29

Can have drusen, common in elderly

Front 30

3 disease that show ptosis

Back 30

Myasthenia Gravis
CNIII damage
Horners syndrome

Front 31

Seen in CNS syphilis

Back 31

Argyll Robertson Pupils

Front 32

Drusen Bodies in Macula cause

Back 32

macular degeneration