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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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when should analgesia be used
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whenever it would be used for a mammal!! duh!!
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Clinical Signs of pain
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withdrawal of limbs
restlessness or aggression increased respiratory rate stiffness in the region |
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routine analgesia methods
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local anaesthetics
NSAIDs |
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opioid options in reptiles
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morphine
butorphenol |
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ET tube concerns in chelonians and solution
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very short section of trachea before bifurcation
solid tracheal rings short uncuffed tubes only |
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ET tubes in squamates
anatomy and tube choice |
simple glottis at base of / just behind tongue
incomplete tracheal rings uncuffed and measured to species |
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physiology of breath holding
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pressure on the pulmonary vessels is increased
- vasoconstriction of pulmonary artery - heart rate is decreased allows for pulmonary bypass |
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what species can gaseous induction be used in
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squamates only
- turtles/tortoises breath hold for 24hrs + (especially in a chilly pond) |
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techniques for gaseous induction
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consious tube
put in a plastic baggie with 5% iso - allows reflex testing through baggie |
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IV anaesthetic drugs
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propofol
alfaxalone ketamine +/- medetomidine |
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IV anaesthetic drug technique
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any vein is fine
no concern of lymph dilution |
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IV agent effective time
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10-20 minutes
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IM anaesthetic induction drugs
downside |
alfaxalone
ketamine +/- medetomidine unreliable |
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respiratory rate and volume for IPPV
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6 breaths per minute
judge by leg movement (chelonian) or rib cage relative to conscious anmial |
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how much iso should be used
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5% until surgical stimulation (first cut)
if there's no reaction then reduce to 2-3% turn off well before the end of surgery |
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monitoring heart rate
technique and rate |
dopplar probe at thoracic inlet, or over carotid vessels
- over heart against plastron works for chelonians too 30-40 BPM under anaesthesia [70BPM] |
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monitoring depth and indicators
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toe/tail pinch
head withdrawal jaw tone |
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concerns with O2 administration
solutions |
excessive hypocapnia
- reduces depth and rate of respiration monitor ETCO2 ventilate with roomair reduce the rate and depth of IPPV |
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when should reptiles be extubated
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when jaw tone increases
after voluntary respiration starts |
