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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
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What is the doctrine that some moral norms or principles are more valid for everyone (universal) regardless of cultures' moral outlooks? |
Objectivism |
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The view that one action is morally right if one's culture morally approves of it. |
Cultural Relativism |
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The view that the action is morally right if one approves of it. |
Subjective Relativism |
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The view that the morals are neither true or false but expression of emotions. |
Emotivism |
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Right actions are those that produce the greatest amount of happiness, everyone considered. |
Utilitarianism |
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The morally right action is the one that produces the most favorable balance of good over evil for one's self. |
Ethical Egoism |
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Theory that the morally right action is the one that follows the dictates of nature? |
Natural Law Theory |
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The morally right action is the one that God commands. |
Divine command theory |
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Right actions must provide the greatest balance of good over evil. |
Consequential Theory |
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Act only on that maxim only if it should become a universal law. |
Kant's theory (sub cat. of non-consequential) |
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Who taught the principle that which appproves or disapproves of every action whatsoever according to the tendency which it appears to augment or diminsh the happiness of the party's interest who's in question? |
Jerry Bentham |
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Who said, "Actions are right in proportions if they tend to promote happiness; wrong if they produce the reverse of happiness." |
John Stuart Mill |
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Who says, "So act as to treat humanity whether thy known person or any other in any case as an end withall, rather than a means only." |
Kant |
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Who says that "Humans naturally incline towards preservation of human life of when it's of harm or basic functions that human animals have in common (sex, raising offsprings, etc.-- the search for truth, nurturing of social ties..)" |
Aquinas |
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Who says, "Moral life consists not of following moral rules that stipulate right actions but of striving to be a virtuous person." |
Aristotle |
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What is a disposition to act and feel in according to some idea or model of exellence. |
A virtue |
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What is the midpoint between excess and deficit? |
Moral virtue. |
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What is the perspective on moral issues that emphasizes close, personal relationships and virtues such as compassion, love, and sympathy? |
Ethics of Care. |
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Who concluded that human life without government would be solitary, nasty, brutish, and short? |
Thomas Hobbes |
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In absense of government control, people would live in harmony or peace, and so government is an unnecessary evil that restricts freedom and flourishing. |
Naïve Anarchism |
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What is the belief that government has no legitiment authority, but holds that even though the exercise maybe be un-justified, it may be needed for human existence. |
Theoretical Anarchism |
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What claims that the justification of government and its exercise of power is based on an explicit or implicit agreement made between the individuals who live under that government? |
Social Contract Theory |
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Who says the government is our creation, therefore it is our servant, not an absolute power over us. |
John Locke |
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Which group not only includes laborers, but also merchants, business people, and bankers? |
Producers |
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Which group corresponds to our police and military as well as our federal agents and adminsters that support policies over rulers? |
Auxiliaries |
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Whose intelligence qualifies them to establish the laws and policies of the state? |
The guardians. |
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In the realm of politics, whose concern was what sort of societal that produced the greatest amount of happines for the greatest number? |
John Stuart Mill |
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People will accept the theory of justice, only if they think it is fair. |
John Rawls |
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What is retrobutive justice? |
If someone is bad, you punish them, and that equals justice. |
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What is distributive justice? |
The question on eho should get more resources: the ones who contribute the most, the ones who don't havr enough to contribute, or everyone equally? |
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What is justice as merit? |
Plato's believe Everyone deserves what is due to them. (Meritocracy.) |
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Who are natural law theorists? |
John Locke and Aquinas |
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What kind of anarchism believes that if the government is unjust, then it is an evil that must be overthrown? |
Militant Anarchism |
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Eudaimonia |
Aristotle's word for the goodlife. |
