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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What symptoms would prompt a heart exam?
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-chest pain
-palpitations -dyspnea -syncope -fatique -dependent edema -hemoptysis -cyanosis |
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Besides heart disease which disorders can generate chest pain?
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-pulmonary disorders
-intestinal disorders -gallbladder -musculoskeletal/Neuro disorders -skin disorders |
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What are palpitations described as?
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"Fluttering, skipped beats, pounding, jumping, stopping, or irregularity"
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What can induce palpitations?
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-thyrotoxicosis
-hypoglycemia -fever -anemia -anxiety -caffeine -tobacco -other drugs |
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What is dyspnea?
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Shortness of Breath (SOB)
-related to cardiac or pulmonary conditions |
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What are kinds of Dyspnea are there?
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-PND (paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea_
-Orthopnea (# of pillows needed) -DOE (Dyspnea on exertion) -Trepopnea (positional dyspnea while lying on left/right side -rare) |
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Syncope is:
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Transient loss of consciousness due to inadequate cerebral perfusion
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Causes of syncope
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-Cardiac vs. non-cardiac causes
-Orthostatic hypotension -Vasovagal syncope -Carotid sinus syncope |
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Fatique is:
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-Common symptom of decreased cardiac output
-Not specific for cardiac disease -Most common causes: anxiety/depression -Other causes: anemai & chronic diseases |
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Dependent Edema is:
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Swelling of the legs/lower extremities
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What is dependent edema the result of ?
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Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
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_____ _____ worsens as day progresses
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Symmetrical Edema
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_____ precedes edema
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Dyspnea
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What kind of edema do bedridden patients commonly have
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sacral edema
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This is most commonly due to mitral stenosis
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Hemoptysis
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More commonly caused by pulmonary causes & resulting in the rupture of the bronchial veins due to high back pressure in mitral stenosis this condition is _____
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Hemoptysis
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Where is cyanosis most commonly seen?
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Finger nail beds
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What is lower extremity cyanosis is termed as _____
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Differential cyanosis
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_____ Cyanosis is related to Left shunt through PDA (patent ductus arteriosus)
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Differential
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True/False Cyanosis is exclusive to cardiac conditions.
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False. Cyanosis is also observed in pulmonary disorders.
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Xanthomata
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hypercholesterolema
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-xanthomata
-hypercholestrelemia |
These are _____
associated with ____ |
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These are _____
Associated with _____ |
-Xanthelasma - yellow plaques
-Hyperlipoproteinemia |
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When inspecting the Facies you observe that your patient has wide set eyes, what kinds of dzs, do you suspect?
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Congenital Heart Disease, especially pulmonic stenosis & supraventricular aortic stenosis.
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Your patient has moon facies, you suspect?
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pulmonary stenosis
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A 53 y.o. black male patient has ear lobe creases what do you include in your differential diagnosis
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CHF
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Why do you inspect the facies in heart examinations?
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Because heart abnormalities may be associated with peculiarities of the face & head.
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While observing the fingernails of your patients' you observe splinter hemorrhages, what can they be associated with?
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Infective endocarditis.
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Infective Endocarditis
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Petechia on Palate =
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Congential Mitral Valve Prolapse
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High arched palate =
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You see this chest configuration...this is ___ & ___ valvular issue
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-Marfan's Syndrome
-Mitral Valve Prolapse Result of chest & heart developing at same time during embryogenesis |
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What areas do you auscultate on the heart
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Aortic
Pulomonic Tricuspid Mitral |
Always Pay The Man
APT M |
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What is the sounds is the diagphragm most useful for picking up?
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High-pitched sounds
i.e. S1, S2, aortic or mitral regurgitation, pericardial friction rubs. |
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What sounds is the bell most useful for picking up?
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Low-pitched sounds
e.g. S3, S4, mitral stenosis |
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How do you use the bell?
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Press it gently against the skin.
Applying more pressure stretches the skin taut & results in the bell functioning like the diaphragm. |
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What is S3 most commonly associated with?
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Left ventricular failure & is caused by blood from the left atrium.
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What causes the S3 sound?
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Blood from the left atrium slamming into an already overfilled ventricle during early diastolic filling.
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How is S4 sound created?
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The S4 is sound created by blood trying to enter a stiff, non-compliant left ventricle during atrial contraction.
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What is S4 heart sound associated with?
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It is most frequently associated with left ventricular hypertrophy that is the result of long standing hypertension.
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What is the presence of both S3 & S4 simultaneously referred to as?
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A summation gallop.
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