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81 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Jackass Theory
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Kelly's phrase to indicate that his theory concerns the "nature of the animal" rather than of the environment
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Personal Construct
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A person' concept for predicting events
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Man-the-Scientist
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Kelly's metaphor for human personality
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Constructive Alternativism
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The assumption that people can interpret the world in a variety of ways.
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Fundamental Postulate
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Kelly's main assumption, which stresses the importance of psychological constructs
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Validation
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Confirmation of an anticipation by events
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Construction Corollary
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Kelly's statement that people anticipate replications of events
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Preverbal Construct
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A construct that is not conscious
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Experience Corollary
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Kelly's statement about personality development (developmental)
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Choice Corollary
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Statement that people choose the pole of a construct that promises greater possibility of extending and defining the system of constructs
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Elaborative Choice
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A choice that allows a construct system to be extended; the choice corollary says this choice will be selected.
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Modulation Corollary
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Statement that the permeability of constructs sets limits to construction possibilities
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Permeable Construct
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A construct that can be extended to include new elements
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Concrete Construct
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A construct that cannot be extended to include new elements
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Dichotomy Corollary
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Statement that constructs are bipolar
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Slot Movement
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Abrupt change from one pole of a construct to its opposite, often precipitated by stress
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Organization Corollary
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Describes the hierarchical relationships among constructs
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Core Constructs
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Constructs central to a person's identity and exsistence
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Peripheral Constructs
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Constructs not central to one's identity
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Fragmentation Corollary
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Statement describing the inconsistency of people.
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Range Corollary
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Statement that a construct applies only to some events, not to all
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Range of Convenience
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The events to which a construct applies.
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Individuality Corollary
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Kelly's assertion that different people use different constructs
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Commenality Corollary
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Statement describing similarity between people.
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Sociality Corollary
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Statement that describes understanding another person or being understood as a prerequisite for a social process with that person
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Role Construct Repertory (REP) Test
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Instrument for measuring a person's constructs
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Cognitive Complexity
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Elaborateness of person's construct system, reflected in a large number of different constructs
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Threat
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Awareness of imminent comprehensive change in one's core structures
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Hostility
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Continuing to try to validate constructs that have already been invalidated
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C-P-C Cycle
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The three step process leading to effective action
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Circumspection
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The first stage in the C-P-C Cycle, in which various constructs are tentatively explored
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Preemption
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The second stage in the CPC Cycle, in which a construct is selected
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Control
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The Third Stage in the CPC Cycle; the way in which a person acts
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Creativity Cycle
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The process of changing constructs by loosening and tightening them
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Loosening
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Applying constructs in ways that seem not to make sense, such as in brainstorming and free association
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Fixed-role therapy
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Kelly's method of therapy, based on role playing
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Actualizing Tendency
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The force for growth and development that is innate in all organisms.
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Organismic Valuing Process
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Inner sense within a person, which guide him or her in the directions of growth and heath
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Fully functioning
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Roger's term for a mentally healthy person
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Ideal Self
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What a person feels he or she ought to be like
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Real Self
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The self that contains the actualizing tendency
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Conditions of worth
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The expectations a person must live up to before receiving respect and love
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Unconditional Positive Regard
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Accepting and valuing a person without requiring a particular behaviors as a prerequisite
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Client Centered Therapy
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Therapy based on the belief that the person seeking help is the best judge of the direction that will lead to growth
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Prizing
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Characteristic of a good therapist, which involves positively valuing the client; also called unconditional positive regard
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Congruence
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A feeling of consistency between the real self and the ideal self
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Empathetic Understanding
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The ability of the therapist to understand the subjective experience of the client
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Process Scale
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Measuring instrument to assess how far along an individual is to becoming a fully functioning person
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Encounter Group
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Growth enhancing technique in which a group of people openly and honestly express their feelings and opinions
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Facilitator
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The leader of an encounter group
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Person Centered
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Roger's orientation to therapy and education, which focuses on the experience of the client or student rather than the therapist or teacher
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Satellite Relationships
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Side relationships, which supplement a person's primary committed relationship
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Method Centered
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An approach to science that emphasizes procedure over content
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Problem Centered
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An approach to science that emphasize's subject matter over procedure
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Experiential Knowledge
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What we know because we have experienced it for ourselves
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Third Force
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Maslow's term for his theory, emphasizing its opposition to psychoanalysis and behaviorism
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Taoist Science
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Maslow's alternative to the traditional scientific method, emphasizing values and subjectivity (instead of objectivity)
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Hierarchy of Needs
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Ordered progression of motives, from basic physical needs upward to motives of the most developed human beings
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Deficiency Motivation
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Motivation at lower levels of development
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Basic Need
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A fundamental deficiency need
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Prepotent
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Currently most powerful; said of a need that because it is unmet is most powerful at the moment
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Being Motivation
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High level motivation in which the need for self actualization predominates
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Metamotivated
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Motivated by needs at the top of the hierarchy
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B-love
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Nonposessive love, characteristic of a self-actualized person
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D-love
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Selfish love, characteristic of a person who is not self-actualized
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Self Actualization
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Development of a person's full potential
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Peak experiences
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Mystical states of consciousness, characteristic of many but not all self-actualized people; chris from into the wild
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Eupsychia
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A utopian society in which individual and societal needs are both met and where society supports individual development
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Personal Orientation Inventory
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The most popular measure of self actualization
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Inner Directed Supports
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Scale of the personal orientation inventory measuring a person's tendency to obtain support from himself rather than from other people
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Time Competence
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A scale of the personal orientation inventory that measures a persons concern with the present rather than the past or future
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Instinctoid
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Weakly instinctive motives characteristic of humans
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Jonah Complex
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Not developing one's full potential because og a belief that is impossible to do anything very important
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Human Potential Development
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Social trend to foster the full development of individuals, reflected in the development of growth centers and in transformation of social institutions
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Growth Centers
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Places where people come together to develop their full potential
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Desacralization
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Loss of a sense of the sacred or spiritual
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Intrinsic Motivation
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Motivation to perform an activity for its inherent satisfaction (rather than as a means to some other goal)
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Positive Psychology
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Current movement in psychology that emphasizes healthy functioning, with the concern for immediate experience and positive emotions such as happiness
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According to Kelly, how do individuals differ?
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They differ in constructs. Everyone apply's to their own experiences and other differences (emotions, behavior) stem from there.
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In Kelly's theory in order to predict someone's behavior one must..
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Understand the other's personal constructs
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According to Kelly, what is cognition useful for?
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It is central to personality-behaviors and emotions follow cognition
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