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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Know the Religious Hearths
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Semitic - Judaism, Christianity, Islam
Indus - Hinduism, Buddhism |
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Universal religion vs. Ethnic Religion
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Universal - actively seeks new members and aims to convert everyone (Islam, Christianity)
Ethnic - Identified with a particular ethnic group or tribal group and doesn't seek converts |
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Example of Ethnic Religion
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Judaism
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Animism
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Belief that inanimate objects possess souls
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Orthodox Religious Tradition
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Emphasize purity of faith and are generally not open to blending with other belief systems
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What is the fastest growing religion?
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Islam
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monotheism vs. polytheism
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Mono - the belief in one god
Poly - belief in many gods |
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Islam's branches and which is the most popular
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Sunni - most popular
Shiite |
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What state is the core area of Mormonism?
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Utah
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What is the holiest place on earth for Muslims?
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Mecca, Saudi Arabia
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Why is there an absence of swine in North Africa and the Middle East?
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Because the Islamic and Jewish traditions ban the consumption of pork.
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What is a pilgrimage?
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A journey to a sacred place
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What is the holy river to the Hindus?
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The Ganges River
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How did Holy Communion affect grape growing?
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Raising and harvesting grapes spread beyond the Mediterranean as the religion spread.
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What does ecotheology study?
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The role of religion in habitat modification
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How do buildings devoted to worship differ?
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In size, architectural style, construction material, degree of ornamentation, etc.
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Define agriculture
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The cultivation of plants and rearing of animals to obtain nourishment or economic gain.
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How does % of work force involved in agriculture differ among the LDCs and MDCs?
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The higher percentage of work force needed to maintain a location's agriculture, the lower the technological level of that location.
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Why does agriculture vary around the world?
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Physical environment, technology, and culture.
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Subsistence vs. commercial agriculture
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Sub - production of food primarily for consumption by the farmer's family
Com - production of food for profit |
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Know the agricultural types associated with low-income economy countries
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Swidden Cultivation, Nomadic Herding, Padding Farming/Peasant Grain, Root and Livestock Farming
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Define swidden cultivation
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clear land for planting by slashing down the existing vegetation, providing nutrient for the soil.
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Define Nomadic Herding
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Moving herd of domesticated animals in search of forage as seasons change
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Define Paddy Rice Farming/Peasant Grain, Root and Livestock Farming
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Systems which farmers use a large amount of effort to produce large yields of crop
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Know the agriculture types associated with high-income economy countries.
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Market Gardening, Livestock Fattening, Grain Farming, Dairying, and Livestock Ranching
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Define Market gardening.
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Farming devoted to specialized fruit, vegetable or vine crops for sale rather than consumption
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Define Livestock Fattening
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Commercial agriculture that produces fattened cattle and hogs for meat (Cornbelt of the Midwest)
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Define grain farming
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specialized agriculture in which farmers primarily grow wheat, rice or corn for commercial markets.
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Define dairying
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Keeping of dairy cows for pastures; resembles livestock fattening.
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Define Livestock ranching.
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Different than nomadic farming; fixed area where livestock is raised for commercial market, not subsistence
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Traits of the different types of agriculture covered in powerpoint (including aquaculture)
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Growing things faster, bigger and cheaper; usually harsh on environment; corporately-owned
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What is a suitcase farm?
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A farm on which no one lives; planting and harvesting is done by fired migratory crews
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Effects of the use of seed hybrids
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Globalized food can become susceptible to a single disease; ability to transform geographic patterns of agricultural production on a global scale
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Traits of hunter-gatherers
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Hunting wild animals and/or gathering wild plants; migration would greatly depend on where the wild fame was or where the plants were located
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What were the problems with the Green Revolution?
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Extensive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, increasing ecological damage; the poorer farmers were not able to afford the chemicals other could, creating an even bigger gap in the farming economy
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What are the traits of agribusiness?
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Farming system totally commercial, large-scale and mechanized, dependent on chemicals, hybrid seeds and genetic engineering.
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What are some example of multinational powers involved in agribusiness?
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The 5 biggest hybrid vegetable seed suppliers control 75% of global market; the 10 largest agrochemical manufacturers command 85% of world supply.
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The traditional American family farm is being replaced by which type of enterprise?
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Commercial farming
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What role does relocation diffusion play in distribution of crops?
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When European exploration and colonialism redistributed crops on global scale; once regional crops were now being grown in new lands
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What is a migrant worker?
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An individual working outside of their home country; critical factor in large-scale commercial agriculture
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What is genetically modified food?
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Food produced from genetically modified organisms that have had their DNA altered through genetic engineering
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What are some concerns with livestock production?
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water contamination, deforestation, methane, spread of disease, desertification
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What are biofuels?
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Energy derived from biological matter, like corn or fossil fuel
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What was the big picture idea of King Korn?
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Who are our current agricultural systems benefiting the most?
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What are the criticisms of the Rostow economic model?
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-Countries do not develop in isolation from each other
-Countries attempt to sabotage their rivals' economic development -Is "high mass consumption" even the highest level of development for a society? |
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What are the economic characteristics of developing nations?
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-Subsistence activities
-May include manufacturing & service activities -Inability to accumulate wealth -Lower Gross Domestic Product |
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What are some examples of primary industry?
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Extraction of natural resources; fishing, farming, hunting, lumbering, oil extraction, mining
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What are some examples of secondary industry?
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Processing of raw materials ; ore converted to steel; logs milled to lumber; fish processed and canned
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Define Industrial Revolution
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A technological movement that started in England and resulted in a boom; traveled to the U.S. in the mid 1800's
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Acid rain is caused by...?
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Fossil fuels are burned in factories and vehicle exhaust, creating sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides which get flushed from the atmosphere by precipitation.
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Where did the Industrial Revolution begin in the early 1700s?
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England
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What is uneven development?
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Increasing gap in economic conditions among regions in the core and the periphery; industrial core gets richer while the less industrialized periphery gets poorer
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What is Deindustrialization?
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The decline and fall of once prosperous factory and mining areas
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What is a transnational corporation?
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Companies that have international production, marketing and management facilities (U.S. using Mexican companies and workers for cheaper labor)
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What are "footloose" industries?
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Industries that are reliant on a large pool of workers; shift location in search of cheapest labor
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Advocates of free trade believe...
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Tariffs should be done away with
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What are tariffs?
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Taxes on imports
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Define sustainability
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Providing current needs without compromising the needs of future generations
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