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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Connective Tissue Types |
Proper and Specialized |
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Proper connec tissue |
Dense or Loose |
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Loose Proper |
Superficial fascia |
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Dense Proper |
Ligaments Tendons Deep Fascia |
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Specialized Connect Tissue |
Bones Cartilage |
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Cartilage Types |
Hyaline Fibrocarilage |
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4 stages of bone breakage |
1. Reactive phase: blood vessels damaged and bleed 2. Fibrocartilaginous callus formation: fibrocartilage callus forms3 3. Bony Callus Formation: Fibrous tissue replaced by bony callus 4. Remodeling phase: lump from excess osteocytes is remodeled and reformed |
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Types of Synarthroses joints |
1. Fibrous Joints 2. Cartiliginous joints |
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Synarthroses joints: Fibrous |
- suture - gomphosis - syndesmosis: btwn fib and tib |
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Synarthroses joints: Cartiliginous |
- symphysis: pubic bone and vertebrae - synchondrosis: costochondral |
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Diarthroses Uniaxial |
- hinge: humeroulna - pivot: atlantoaxial |
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Diarthroses Biaxial |
- Saddle: only 1: carpometacarpal jt - condyloid: metacapal phalagneal joint |
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Diarthroses triaxial |
- plane: btween small segments of bone: ex. acromioclavicular jt - ball + socket: Hip and glenohumeral jt of shoulder |
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Cells of CNS |
Gray Matter |
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Axons of CNS |
White matter |
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Cells of PNS |
ganglia |
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Axons of PNS |
nerves |
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conus medullaris |
cone shape at end of spinal cord |
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filum terminale |
formed by the pia, exits through the sacral hiatus |
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cauda equina |
formed by the nerves that extend after end of spinal cord |
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2 groups of ligaments |
3 intersegmental (up and down) 3 intrasegmental (connect adjacent vert) |
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3 intersegmental |
- anterior longitudinal: from sacrum to C2 --> Atlantoaxial ligament - posterior longitudinal: from sacrum to C2 --> tectorial membrane - Supraspinous: Tips of spines of vertbrae from sacrum to C7 --> ligametum nuchae |
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3 intrasegmental |
- ligamentum flavum: elastic fibers connect adjacent laminae - interspinous: between spines - inertransverse: between transverse processes |
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Superficial Layer of the Superficial back |
- trapezius - latissimus dorsi |
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Deep layer of superficial back |
- Levator scapulae - rhomboids |
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Intermediate back |
- serratus posterior (superior and inferior) |
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Superficial Layer of the Deep back |
- splenius capitus (skull) - slenius cervicus (neck) - Errector spinae group: - Spinalis TCC - Longissimus TCC - iliocostalis TCL - Fibers travel superolaterally |
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Transversospinalis layer of the Deep back |
- semispinales (X4-6) TCC - multifidis (X2-4) L - rotatores(X1-2) T - Fibers travel superomedially |
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Segmental Layer of the Deep Back |
- interspinales CL - intratransversarii CL |
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Triangle of Ausculation (action and borders) |
- protract scapula
- listen to heart and lungs between 6th and 7th rib - Borders: superior: Trapezius Lateral: Medial border of scapula Inferior: lats |
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Axilla area (borders) |
- apex: where first rib crosses clavicle - Base: skin of armpit - anterior: pec major and minor - Posterior: scapula and subscapularis muscle - Medial: serratus anterior - Lateral: proximal humerus |
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Axilla area (contents) |
- axillary artery and vein - brachial plexus (cords) - Fatty tissue - Lymph nodes |
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Where do the parts of the brachial plexus begin? |
Roots: Vertebrae Trunks: At rib 1 Divisions: At clavicles Cords: Infraclavicular branches off cords Terminal Nerves: MAMRU |
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Erb's/ Knapsack Palsy What is it, symptoms |
- irritation of upper brachial plexus roots - C5, C6, (C7) - from side of neck too stretched Symptoms: - "Waiter's tip position" Droop shoulder arm internally rotates Elevation and retraction of scapula affected Cutaneous: - lateral upper arm (axillary) - lateral antebrachial (musculocutaneous) |
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Klumpke's Palsy |
- irritation of lower brachial plexus roots - (C7), C8, T1 - pulling on arm Symptoms: "Claw Hand" Hyper extended metacarpal phangeal joint Flexed interphalangeal joint Abducted thumb Cutaneous: - medial arm and forearm (medial Cord) |
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What are the joints between vertebral bodies |
- sympysis joint (cartilaginous) - intervertebral discs (Shock absorbers) |
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2 aspects of intervertebral discs |
- annulus fibrosus - nucleus pulposus |
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Shunt Action |
Origin near joint Insertion far from joint Helps to stabilize joint ex. brachio-radialis |
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Spurt action |
Origin far from joint Insertion close to joint More movement ex. Brachialis |
