Everything Plus

Front 1

Q. A size 3 or 4 LMA:

Back 1

will accommodate the passage of a 6.0mm ET tube

Front 2

The second impact that occurs when an adult pedestrian is struck by a motor vehicle would MOST likely result in injuries to the:

Back 2

pelvis and chest

Front 3

When communicating with a patient whose cultural background differs from the paramedics, it is MOST important for the paramedic to?

Back 3

treat the patient with utmost respect at all times

Front 4

Which of the following statements regarding selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (RRSIs) is most correct?

Back 4

SSRIs have fewer anticholinergic and cardiac effects than tricyclics.

Front 5

Which term describes the study of the body functions of living organisms in an abnormal state?

Back 5

pathophysiology

Front 6

Your entire assessment of a patient should:

Back 6

Appear to be a seamless process

Front 7

All of the following processes take place in the uterus, EXCEPT?

Back 7

Fertilization

Front 8

Cervical spondylosis is a degenerative change in the cervical spine that causes:

Back 8

narrowing of the spinal canal and pressure on the spinal cord

Front 9

Common causes of bradycardia include?

Back 9

Beta blocker use

Front 10

Many veteran EMS providers have embraced a leadership role in primary injury prevention after?

Back 10

witnessing too many episodes of needless suffering

Front 11

Prior to unloading a patient from the ambulance, you should:

Back 11

ensure that the patient is secured to the stretcher

Front 12

Adipose tissue is a special type of tissue that contains large amounts of?

Back 12

lipids

Front 13

An endogenous ligand is?

Back 13

a molecule that is produced by the body and binds to a receptor

Front 14

Fall-related fractures in the elderly occur MOST often to the ___, usually in patients with underlying:

Back 14

hip, osteoporosis

Front 15

Gathering a patient's medical history and performing an in-depth physical examination should occur:

Back 15

Once the initial assessment and correction of life threats is completed

Front 16

Nerve agents block ___, an essential enzyme of the nervous system.

Back 16

cholinesterase

Front 17

Q. The MOST effective way to minimize the risk of hypoxia while intubating a child is to:

Back 17

limit your intubation attempt to 20 seconds.

Front 18

The 6-second method for calculating the rate of a cardiac rhythm?

Back 18

Involves counting the number of QRS complexes in a 6-second-strip and multiplying that number by 10.

Front 19

The volume of plasma in an adult with a total blood volume of 6.5 liters is approximately?

Back 19

6.5x0.55 = 3.6L

Front 20

What is the target heart rate for a 35 yo man with a resting heart rate of 75 bpm?

Back 20

152 beats/min

Front 21

When a patient takes the “up and over” pathway during a head-on collision:

Back 21

the anterior part of the neck may strike the steering wheel, resulting in a fractured larynx

Front 22

Women who have had a cesarean section?

Back 22

Can have a normal vaginal delivery

Front 23

A key part of making your practice of prehospital care successful is for you to:

Back 23

Develop and cultivate your own style of assessment and an overall strategy for evaluating and providing care for the patients you will encounter in the unique and varied circumstances in the field setting

Front 24

According to the START triage system, if a patient has a strong radial pulse, you should:

Back 24

control bleeding and assess mental status

Front 25

At 2 months of age, an infant should be able to?

Back 25

track objects with his or her eyes

Front 26

Delirium is MOST accurately defined as:

Back 26

an acute alteration in mentation that indicates an underlying condition

Front 27

Q. Patients with decompensated asthma or COPD that require positive-pressure ventilation:

Back 27

may develop a pneumothorax or experience a decrease in venous return to the heart if they are ventilated too rapidly

Front 28

Sudden deceleration of a motor vehicle that is traveling at 60 mph:

Back 28

dissipates tremendous forces and causes major injuries

Front 29

The primary component of the immune system is the?

Back 29

Leukocyte

Front 30

When dispatched to a residence for an injury involving a pregnant woman, you should?

Back 30

Be alert for evidence of abuse

Front 31

Which of the following is NOT a particle that makes up an atom?

Back 31

photon

Front 32

You have been attempting resuscitation of a middle-aged woman for approximately 15 minutes; however, she has not responded to any of your treatment. There is no evidence of hypothermia or drug ingestion, and the cardiac monitor shows asystole. You should?

Back 32

consider terminating your resuscitative efforts

Front 33

You receive a call to a skilled nursing facility for an elderly man with generalized weakness. The patients nurse tells you that he has not eaten anything in the past 18 hours. She presents you with his chart, which states that he has a history of atrial fibrillation, CHF, and hypertension. His medications include Vasotec, digoxin, and Warfarin. As you apply the cardiac monitor, your partner takes the patients vital signs, which reveal a blood pressure of 136/76 mmHg, a rapid and irregular pulse, and respirations of 22 breaths/min. The ECG reveals atrial fibrillation with a variable rate between 110 and 130 beats/min, and a 12-lead ECG tracing reveals the same. After applying supplemental oxygen, you should?

Back 33

Start an IV line to keep the vein open, administer diltiazem, and transport.

Front 34

* If a patient sees you as someone with whom it is safe to be, who does not pose a threat, and who honestly cares, then he or she will most likely?

Back 34

be reassured that you will handle the crisis

Front 35

Fluid-refractory hypotension following a barbiturate overdose is treated MOST effectively with?

Back 35

Dopamine

Front 36

In prehospital care, the priorities of evaluation and treatment are based on:

Back 36

The degree of threat to the patient’s life

Front 37

Level ___ personal protective equipment would MOST likely be worn during the transport of patients with the potential of secondary contamination.

Back 37

C

Front 38

Q. Which of the following statements regarding translaryngeal catheter ventilation is MOST correct?

Back 38

ventilation is achieved by the use of a high-pressure jet ventilator

Front 39

Resting tremor of an extremity and bradykinesia are associated with:

Back 39

Parkinson’s disease

Front 40

The greatest amount of kinetic energy would be created if a ___ pound driver struck a tree while traveling at ___ mph.

Back 40

150, 40

Front 41

Torsades de pointes?

Back 41

Is a variant of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and is often caused by a prolonged Q-T interval.

Front 42

Which of the following assessment parameters is MOST difficult to interpret when a pregnant woman is injured?

Back 42

pulse rate

Front 43

With regard to injury prevention, effective educational techniques include all of the following EXCEPT?

Back 43

penalties

Front 44

You arrive on the scene of a stabbing. A 23-year-old man has a knife wound approximately 10 cm inferior to the armpit. Which of the following anatomical terms best describes the location of the wound?

Back 44

midaxillary

Front 45

A person taking beta blockers or calcium channel blockers would MOST likely present with:

Back 45

a slower than usual heart rate

Front 46

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is characterized by?

Back 46

enlargement or thickening of the heart muscle

Front 47

Myocardial ischemia occurs when the heart muscle?

Back 47

Is deprived of oxygen because of a blocked coronary artery.

Front 48

Q. Approximately how far should you insert a 5.0mm ET tube in a 4-year-old child?

Back 48

15 cm (diameter x 3)

Front 49

Specialized cell division that occurs only in the reproduction of mature sperm and ova is called?

Back 49

meiosis

Front 50

The dome-shaped top of the uterus is called the?

Back 50

fundus

Front 51

The permissible exposure limit (PEL) of a given chemical is the:

Back 51

maximum concentration of a chemical that a person may be exposed to under OSHA regulations

Front 52

When chlorine gas comes in contact with the body’s mucous membranes, it forms?

Back 52

Hydrochloric acid

Front 53

Which of the following injuries would MOST likely require transport to a level 1 trauma center?

Back 53

Two or more proximal long bone fractures

Front 54

Which of the following is NOT a part of your overall job as a paramedic?

Back 54

Always remember that your overall job as a paramedic is to quickly identify your patient’s problem(s), set your care priorities, develop a patient care plan, and quickly and efficiently execute the patient care plan.

Front 55

Which of the following statements regarding ethics in the workplace is MOST correct?

Back 55

off-duty misconduct on the part of the paramedic may lessen the public's confidence of EMS in general

Front 56

A decreased number of pacemaker cells in the sinoatrial node would MOST likely contribute to a decline in cardiac output secondary to:

Back 56

bradycardia

Front 57

Atrial kick is MOST accurately defined as?

Back 57

20% of ventricular filling caused by atrial contraction.

Front 58

Complications in a pregnant woman with cystic fibrosis are usually the result of?

Back 58

reduced pulmonary function

Front 59

Muscle cramps and paresthesias in a malnourished patient with alcoholism are most likely the result of?

Back 59

hypocalcemia

Front 60

Q. Wheezing is resolved with medications that:

Back 60

relax the smooth muscle of the bronchiole

Front 61

Signs and symptoms of marijuana use include all of the following, EXCEPT?

Back 61

Decreased appetite

Front 62

The most significant fall occurs from a height greater than:

Back 62

15 feet

Front 63

The spleen is located in which abdominal compartment?

Back 63

left upper quadrant (LUQ)

Front 64

When determining whether a patient is sick, your MOST effective tool is often:

Back 64

A quick visual assessment based on the chief complaint, respiration's, pulse, mental status, and skin signs and color.

Front 65

You are dispatched to a residence for a 50-year-old woman with respiratory distress. While you are assessing the patient, she tells you that she began experiencing flu-like symptoms 4 days ago, shortly after delivering mail on the rural mail route for which she is responsible. Due to her illness, she has been unable to return to work. Her blood pressure is 90/50 mmHg, pulse rate is 120 beats/min, and respirations are 26 breaths/min and labored. Auscultation of her breath sounds reveals the presence of coarse crackles. This patient has MOST likely been exposed to:

Back 65

anthrax

Front 66

You arrive at the scene of an injured person. As you and your partner approach the patient, you see that he is bleeding profusely from a large laceration to his neck. As you are about to begin care, a man walks up and states, "I cut him!" You should?

Back 66

retreat from the scene to a safe area and immediately notify law enforcement

Front 67

___ is the process in which individual units or different organizations make independent decisions about the next appropriate action.

Back 67

freelancing

Front 68

A fracture to the humerus is best described as having what anatomical location in relationship to the elbow?

Back 68

proximal

Front 69

A person wishes to be an organ donor. He or she must?

Back 69

have witnessed informed consent, usually in writing

Front 70

Approximately one third of the body’s platelets:

Back 70

are stored in the spleen.

Front 71

During an explosion, secondary blast injuries occur when:

Back 71

the patient is struck by flying debris, such as shrapnel

Front 72

Hypertensive emergencies in the geriatric population:

Back 72

require a controlled decline in blood pressure that often cannot be achieved in the prehospital setting.

Front 73

Q. An elderly woman with COPD presents with peripheral edema. The patient is conscious but agitated. She is breathing with slight difficulty but has adequate tidal volume. During your assessment, you note that her jugular veins engorge when you apply pressure to her right upper abdominal quadrant. She tells you that she takes a “water pill” and Vasotec for high blood pressure. You should:

Back 73

suspect acute right heart failure and administer oxygen

Front 74

Regardless of what a patient asks, the paramedic should?

Back 74

immediately acknowledge what the patient asked

Front 75

Which of the following clinical findings is LEAST suggestive of a peripheral vascular disorder?

Back 75

An S3 sound during auscultation of the heart.

Front 76

Which of the following medications would MOST likely be used in the prehospital setting to treat some women with severe premenstrual syndrome?

Back 76

glucose and fentanyl

Front 77

You are in the BEST position to decide what, if any, care needs to be provided at the scene versus en route to the hospital once you:

Back 77

Have qualified whether your patient is sick or not sick, and then you must quantify how sick the patient is.

Front 78

A do not resuscitate (DNR) order is MOST accurately defined as a?

Back 78

written order designed to tell health care providers when resuscitation is or is not appropriate

Front 79

Elderly patients experience a slower physiologic response to hypoxemia and hypercarbia because of:

Back 79

decreased sensitivity to changes in arterial blood content

Front 80

Q. Digital intubation is absolutely contraindicated if the patient:

Back 80

is unconscious but breathing

Front 81

The division of one cell into two genetically identical and equal daughter cells is called?

Back 81

mitosis

Front 82

Which of the following general statements regarding trauma is MOST correct?

Back 82

Blunt trauma is difficult to diagnose by paramedics in the field and is often more lethal than penetrating trauma

Front 83

Which of the following statements regarding growth spurts in adolescents is most correct?

Back 83

boys generally experience this stage of growth later in life than girls do

Front 84

Which of the following statements regarding the use of vasopressin in cardiac arrest is MOST correct?

Back 84

A one-time dose of 40 units of vasopressin may be given to replace the first or second dose of epinephrine.

Front 85

Which of the following would be of LEAST value when trying to determine the type of hazardous material a commercial tanker truck is carrying?

Back 85

waybill

Front 86

With hyperbaric oxygen therapy, carbon monoxide is typically eliminated from the body within:

Back 86

15 to 20 minutes

Front 87

You are assessing a 36-year-old woman who is in the 33rd week of her pregnancy. The patient complains of bright red vaginal bleeding, but denies abdominal pain or cramping. She tells you that she felt her baby move about 5 or 10 minutes ago. Fetal heart tones are audible at a rate of 130 beats/min. Gentle palpation of her abdomen reveals that it is soft and nontender. Which of your assessment findings is MOST suggestive of placenta previa?

Back 87

absence of abdominal pain

Front 88

You will MOST likely make your field diagnosis of a patient based on the:

Back 88

Patients history and chief complaint.

Front 89

* Touching a conscious elderly patient in a nursing home without his or her permission?

Back 89

is nonverbally communicating, "You are not important enough or mentally competent enough to be asked for permission."

Front 90

A 22-year-old man experienced an acid chemical burn to his left forearm. He complains of intense pain and tingling in his fingers. He is conscious and alert, and denies any other symptoms. You should:

Back 90

begin immediate irrigation with water

Front 91

In contrast to stress incontinence, urge incontinence is triggered by:

Back 91

cold fluids

Front 92

Mittelschmerz is MOST accurately defined as?

Back 92

unilateral abdominal pain and cramping that occurs during the ovulatory process

Front 93

Normally, the S-T segment should be?

Back 93

At the level of the isoelectric line.

Front 94

Q. Apneustic breathing is characterized by:

Back 94

short, brisk inhalations with a long pause before exhalation

Front 95

The motor oil level of the ambulance:

Back 95

should be checked prior to starting the engine

Front 96

The paramedic must make a field diagnosis in order to:

Back 96

Get the info needed to make the best decisions for your patient.

Front 97

What is the movement of solutes from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration called?

Back 97

diffusion

Front 98

When returning your unit to service following a call, the responsibility of ensuring that the unit is restocked and ready for another call rests with?

Back 98

everyone on the EMS team

Front 99

Which of the following will be of MOST benefit in helping the paramedic predict the type of injuries that a patient experienced?

Back 99

Mechanism of injury

Front 100

Decreased elasticity of the lungs and calcification of the costochondral cartilage results in:

Back 100

an increase in residual lung volume

Front 101

Gestational diabetes is caused by?

Back 101

increased insulin production and decreased cellular sensitivity to insulin

Front 102

In sinus bradycardia, the?

Back 102

Pacemaker site is the SA node.

Front 103

Lithium is MOST commonly used to treat patients with:

Back 103

bipolar disorder

Front 104

Q. Patients with pneumonia often experience a coughing fit when they roll from one side to the other because:

Back 104

pnuemonia often occurs in the lung bases, typically on only one side

Front 105

The preferred initial method for disentangling a patient who is trapped between the seat and steering wheel involves:

Back 105

trying to slide the seat back on its track

Front 106

The shock wave velocity from an explosion is slower and its duration is longer if a person is:

Back 106

farther from the explosion

Front 107

What instructions or guidance would an emergency medical dispatcher (EMD) MOST likely provide to a caller?

Back 107

controlling bleeding and performing CPR

Front 108

Which of the following statements regarding renal function in older adults is most correct?

Back 108

aging kidneys respond less efficiently to hemodynamic stress

Front 109

Which of the following statements regarding the patient assessment process is correct?

Back 109

(all correct) Ask questions relevant to the patients chief complaint. Think of the assessment as a “fluid process”. As the patient interview unfolds, you need to be able to change the sequence of your questioning as the situation or patients condition dictates.

Front 110

Which term describes the part of an extremity that is nearer to the trunk?

Back 110

proximal

Front 111

A properly worn motorcycle helmet will:

Back 111

not protect the cervical spine

Front 112

Although the technicalities of EMS DNR orders vary from state to state, the all?

Back 112

are designed to tell EMS providers when resuscitation is or is not appropriate

Front 113

Broadly speaking, the finance section chief is responsible for:

Back 113

documenting all expenditures at an incident and seeking reimbursement

Front 114

Epinephrine is used to treat patients in anaphylactic shock because of its effects of?

Back 114

Bronchodilation and vasoconstriction.

Front 115

In contrast to infants, toddlers?

Back 115

have a slower respiratory rate

Front 116

On most runs, the two MOST important pieces of patient history information that you need to obtain initially are the:

Back 116

Patient’s Name and Chief Complaint

Front 117

Q. Intubation of a patient with severe asthma:

Back 117

is often a last resort because asthmatics are difficult to ventilate and are prone to pneumothoraces

Front 118

Red blood cell production is stimulated by a protein secreted by the:

Back 118

kidneys

Front 119

Which of the following conditions is characterized by a lack of progesterone and increased androgen levels, and can lead to hypertension and cardiac problems?

Back 119

polycystic ovaries

Front 120

Which of the following is NOT a predisposing risk factor for trauma in the elderly?

Back 120

Decreased body water

Front 121

You respond to a call for a 3-year-old in the care of a babysitter, who reports that the child fell from the top of a sliding board. Upon arrival you find the child lying on the ground in a supine position and not moving. You immediately start to hold in-line stabilization and check the ABC's. As you position your hands, you notice the child's head is tucked forward with the chin forward touching the chest. Which one of the following terms best describes this position?

Back 121

hyperflexion

Front 122

After determining that the scene is safe, the FIRST step in approaching a patient is to:

Back 122

Introduce yourself and to explain that you are a paramedic

Front 123

An electrical impulse is slightly delayed at the AV node so that the?

Back 123

Atria can empty into the ventricles.

Front 124

During normal menstruation, approximately ___ to ___ mL of blood is discharged from the vagina?

Back 124

25, 65

Front 125

Lap belts that are worn alone and high by a pregnant woman:

Back 125

allow enough forward flexion and subsequent compression to rupture the uterus

Front 126

Q. Which of the following is NOT performed before, during, or after insertion of a nasogastric (NG) tube in a conscious patient?

Back 126

keeping the patients head in a flexed position during insertion of the tube

Front 127

The BEST example the paramedic can set with regard to injury prevention is?

Back 127

taking care of himself or herself and serving as a role model for others

Front 128

Which of the following cardiac dysrhythmias is associated with the HIGHEST risk of stroke?

Back 128

Atrial fibrillation

Front 129

Which of the following is NOT a common sign of lead poisoning?

Back 129

Hypotension

Front 130

Which of the following is NOT a pre-incident indicator of terrorism?

Back 130

there is a report of a loud explosion

Front 131

You are called to a nursing home for the elderly patient who is suspected of having pneumonia and requires transport to the hospital. While you are obtaining the patient history, the nurse tells you that the patient exhibits myoclonus due to Parkinsonism. What is the sign that you expect to see when doing your assessment?

Back 131

persistent muscle spasms

Front 132

* Conveying calm, unmistakable, genuine concern for someone you've never met before is the most essential challenge as a/an?

Back 132

therapeutic communicator

Front 133

A cardiac patient with respiratory distress should be assumed to be experiencing?

Back 133

Heart failure with pulmonary edema.

Front 134

Asking the patient about the date, time, location, and events surrounding the current situation will enable you to:

Back 134

Determine if the patient is (A&Ox4) Alert to Person, Place, Time and Event

Front 135

During the attempted resuscitation of a 79 yo man in cardiac arrest, a young man arrives at the scene and asks you to cease resuscitative efforts. He further tells you that the pt has entrusted him to make all of his medical decisions. You should?

Back 135

continue full resuscitative efforts and ask the man if the pt has a living will and if he has documentation naming him as the person authorized to make decisions

Front 136

Eye-to-eye contact with a patient communicates?

Back 136

honesty and concern

Front 137

Hematologic manifestations of lead poisoning include:

Back 137

anemia

Front 138

If a person survives the initial trauma from a shotgun wound at a close range:

Back 138

contaminants that were driven into the wound can cause a severe infection

Front 139

Q. The cricothyroid membrane is the ideal site for making a surgical opening into the trachea because:

Back 139

no important structures lie between the skin covering the cricothyroid membrane and the airway

Front 140

Requesting a hazardous materials (Haz-Mat) team as early as possible to a scene involving a weapon of mass destruction is MOST important because:

Back 140

it takes time for the Haz-Mat team to assemble their personnel and equipment

Front 141

Risk factors for pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) include all of the following, EXCEPT?

Back 141

monogamy

Front 142

The social assessment component of the GEMS diamond includes:

Back 142

determining if activities of daily living are being provided by another person

Front 143

You arrive on the scene of an assisted living facility and find a 65-year-old woman who tells you that she is having severe abdominal pain. While obtaining the SAMPLE history she reports having been at her doctor's office earlier in the week and reports that he suspects gall stones. While doing a physical assessment you have rebound tenderness in the quadrant where the gall bladder is located. Which of the following best describes that anatomical location of the abdomen?

Back 143

right upper quadrant (RUQ)

Front 144

* When cells are hypoxic for more than a few seconds?

Back 144

they produce substances that may damage other local or distant body systems

Front 145

A 55-year-old man complains of severe pain between his shoulder blades, which he describes as “ripping” in nature. He tells you that the pain began suddenly and has been intense and unrelenting since its onset. His medical history includes HTN; however, he admits to being noncompliant with his antihypertensive medication. Which of the following assessment findings would MOST likely reinforce your suspicion regarding the cause of his pain?

Back 145

Difference in blood pressure between the two arms.

Front 146

During third trimester vaginal bleeding?

Back 146

the mother may lose as much as 40% of her blood volume before significant signs of hypovolemia occur

Front 147

Older men often experience difficulty urinating because of:

Back 147

urethral pressure from an enlarged prostate

Front 148

People who call 911 at the moment of a loved one's death MOST often needed?

Back 148

information and support

Front 149

Q. Intrapulmonary shunting occurs when:

Back 149

nonfunctional alveoli inhibit pulmonary gas exchange

Front 150

The recommended dose and method for administering naloxone to a patient who overdosed on a narcotic and is unresponsive and hypoventilating is:

Back 150

2 mg injected slowly until the patient’s respirations improve

Front 151

When a patient presents with two seemingly unrelated complaints, it is MOST important for the paramedic to determine:

Back 151

If the two complaints are related. If they are not related, which one will take priority.

Front 152

When a person falls from a significant height and lands on his or her feet, axial loading results in:

Back 152

compression or burst fractures to the lumbar spine

Front 153

Which of the following medications would be the LEAST likely to cause hypotension?

Back 153

toradol

Front 154

Which projection from the neuron conducts electrical impulses away from the cell body?

Back 154

axon

Front 155

A critical incident is MOST accurately defined as?

Back 155

an incident that overwhelms the ability of an EMS worker or system to cope with the experience, either at the scene or later

Front 156

A helicopter landing zone should be:

Back 156

100 feet by 100 feet in size, and on a surface that is firm, level, and free of debris

Front 157

A vertical plane that is parallel to the median plane is called?

Back 157

sagittal

Front 158

An elderly person is more likely to sustain serious injury following trauma due to:

Back 158

brittle, demineralized bone

Front 159

Following a head-on collision of a motorcycle and a truck, the motorcyclist would MOST likely experience initial injury to the:

Back 159

femurs and tibias

Front 160

Prehospital treatment for a patient who overdosed on aspirin would MOST likely include:

Back 160

sodium bicarbonate

Front 161

Q. What function do the nasal turbinates serve?

Back 161

warming and humidifying inhaled air

Front 162

The history of present illness is MOST accurately defined as:

Back 162

A clear sequence and chronologic account of the patient’s sign and symptoms, that is, what happened and when.

Front 163

There is evidence that a 21-year-old woman was given Rohypnol before being raped. She presents with alcohol on her breath, drowsiness, and memory loss. Her blood pressure is 98/68 mmHg, pulse is 58 beats/min and weak, and her respirations are decreased and shallow. You attempt to administer high-flow oxygen, but she resists. What should you do now?

Back 163

consider administering naloxone in case she was also given a narcotic drug.

Front 164

When analyzing a cardiac rhythm strip in lead II, you should routinely evaluate all of the following components, EXCEPT?

Back 164

S-T segment.

Front 165

When touching a patient as a form of reassurance, the paramedic should?

Back 165

touch the patient on a neutral part of his or her body

Front 166

_________ anatomy is anatomy associated with a particular body region.

Back 166

topographic

Front 167

A 25-year-old woman was involved in a motor vehicle accident in which she struck the rear end of another car at a low rate of speed. When you arrive at the scene and exit the ambulance, you immediately hear the patient screaming, “My baby, my baby!” After calming the patient down, she tells you that she is 10 weeks pregnant and that she is afraid that the car accident injured her child. She confirms that she was properly restrained at the time of impact. She is conscious and alert, denies abdominal pain, and has stable vital signs. She refuses spinal motion restriction precautions, but does consent to EMS transport. You should?

Back 167

administer supplemental oxygen, establish a large-bore IV line and set the rate to keep the vein open, provide emotional support, and transport her to an appropriate hospital.

Front 168

An 82-year-old man presents with confusion that has worsened progressively over the past 2 weeks. Because of his confusion and the fact that he is hearing impaired, you obtain the majority of your medical history information from his daughter. She tells you that her father has high blood pressure but refuses to take medication for it. She also tells you that she thinks he fell about 3 weeks ago, although he denies falling. The patient’s blood pressure is 168/98 mmHg, his pulse rate is 60 beats/min and occasionally irregular, and his respirations are 22 breaths/min and regular. This patient MOST likely:

Back 168

is experiencing a subdural hematoma

Front 169

EMS providers can be MOST effective in helping reduce the incidence of suicide, domestic violence, and child abuse by?

Back 169

noting risk factors at the scene and reporting data

Front 170

From an anatomic and physiologic perspective, inhaled toxins:

Back 170

quickly reach the alveoli and rapidly gain access to the circulatory system.

Front 171

If a level 1 trauma center is 30 miles away, and a level 2 trauma center is 10 miles away, it would be MOST appropriate to transport the patient with a severe traumatic brain injury:

Back 171

via air transport to the level 1 trauma center

Front 172

Q. You are transporting an intubated patient and note that the digital capnometry reading has quicky fallen below 30 mmHg. You should:

Back 172

take immediate measures to confirm proper placement of the ET tube

Front 173

Teething is commonly accompanied by?

Back 173

fever

Front 174

The MOST important initial pieces of equipment to bring to the side of an unconscious patient are the?

Back 174

Defibrillator and airway management equipment.

Front 175

Where would you MOST likely find a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) that provides information about a hazardous material?

Back 175

A permanent manufacturing or storage facility

Front 176

Which of the following questions would be of LEAST pertinence when trying to determine a patient's current health status?

Back 176

“ You will also need to ask about any accidents or injuries the patient had within the last month or so and about any operations or hospitalizations within the last 6 months or so.

Front 177

General principles for backing up an ambulance include:

Back 177

stopping the vehicle if you lose sight of your spotter

Front 178

If a patient is unable to tell you who he or she is, where he or she is, and what day of the week it is?

Back 178

you should suspect decreased blood flow to the brain

Front 179

If a pregnant woman is injured and bleeding severly?

Back 179

blood flow will be diverted away from the uterus

Front 180

If an EMS agency's call volume is too heavy to allow response within an appropriate time frame?

Back 180

mutual aid resources are not legally required to assist

Front 181

In contrast to chronic leukemia, acute leukemia occurs when:

Back 181

bone marrow is replaced with abnormal lymphoblasts.

Front 182

Q. The anterior portion of the palate is formed by the:

Back 182

maxilla and palatine bones

Front 183

The heart hypertrophies with age, MOST likely in response to:

Back 183

a chronically increased afterload caused by arteriosclerotic blood vessels

Front 184

The major source of energy for all chemical reactions of the body is/are?

Back 184

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Front 185

The peak magnitude of the pressure wave experienced by a person:

Back 185

lessens as the person is farther away from the center of the explosion

Front 186

Which of the following questions will allow you to gain insight quickly when performing a check of a patient's body systems?

Back 186

“Has your doctor ever told you that you have a heart, lung or brain problem?”

Front 187

Which of the following statements regarding second-degree heart block is MOST correct?

Back 187

Second-degree heart block occurs when an impulse reaching the AV node is occasionally prevented from proceeding to the ventricles and causing a QRS complex.

Front 188

A patient who ingested a significant amount of ethylene glycol 6 hours ago would MOST likely present with:

Back 188

slurred speech and ataxia

Front 189

If the windshield of a wrecked vehicle is cracked or broken:

Back 189

the front seat occupant has a cervical injury until proven otherwise

Front 190

Infants are referred to as belly breathers because?

Back 190

they rely mostly on their diaphragm to breathe

Front 191

Movement of a body part away from the midline is called?

Back 191

abduction

Front 192

Q. In contrast to the right lung, the left lung:

Back 192

has two lobes

Front 193

Regardless of a paramedic's circadian rhythms, he or she should?

Back 193

not overlook the need for rest

Front 194

Reiter syndrome?

Back 194

is a rare complication associated with untreated Chlamydia and is characterized by arthritis and skin lesions

Front 195

The interaction of two hazardous materials that produces a much greater impact than either chemical alone is called:

Back 195

synergism

Front 196

The mitral valve:

Back 196

is located on the higher-pressure side of the heart.

Front 197

Which of the following statements regarding Alzheimer’s disease is NOT correct?

Back 197

Age alone is thought to be the underlying cause of Alzheimer’s disease

Front 198

Your patient will MOST likely develop a good first impression of you if you:

Back 198

Your appearance should be professional and your demeanor positive and friendly.

Front 199

A closed, or contained, mass casualty incident is a situation that:

Back 199

is not expected to produce more patients than initially present

Front 200

Adverse drug reactions in elderly people are the result of:

Back 200

changes in drug metabolism due to diminished hepatic function

Front 201

Burnout is a consequence of?

Back 201

chronic, unrelieved stress

Front 202

Crack is a combination of:

Back 202

cocaine, baking soda, and water

Front 203

Q. When placing a dislodged tracheostomy tube, it is MOST important that you:

Back 203

take appropriate BSI precautions

Front 204

Relative to younger adults, older adults generally have a harder time breathing because the?

Back 204

natural elasticity of the lungs decreases

Front 205

The MOST common site of deceleration injury in the chest is the:

Back 205

aorta

Front 206

What is the R-on-T phenomenon?

Back 206

A PVC that occurs when the ventricles are not fully repolarized.

Front 207

Which of the following is NOT a type of muscle?

Back 207

stratified

Front 208

Which of the following statements regarding an ectopic pregnancy is MOST correct?

Back 208

in ectopic pregnancy, a fertilized egg implants somewhere other than the uterus

Front 209

Working to ensure a patient's privacy, confidentiality, and comfort level will:

Back 209

Will go a long way toward establishing positive patient rapport and encourage more honest, open communication.

Front 210

* A paramedic who looks the part of professional?

Back 210

inspires confidence in his or her patients

Front 211

Cardiac dysrhythmias in older people are LESS commonly the result of:

Back 211

poorly controlled anxiety

Front 212

In contrast to a type II ambulance, a type III ambulance:

Back 212

is a specialty van that usually has a modular ambulance body

Front 213

Q. A patient who is coughing up thick pulmonary secretions should NOT take:

Back 213

an antitussive

Front 214

The external female genitalia are collectively reffered to as the?

Back 214

pudendum

Front 215

The paramedic should always address a patient:

Back 215

Ask the patient his/her name and how he/she would like to be addressed.

Front 216

Unlike decoration injuries, crush and compression injuries occur:

Back 216

at the time of impact

Front 217

What is the movement of a substance against a concentration or gradient such as the cell membrane called?

Back 217

active transport

Front 218

Which of the following is an example of a protocol?

Back 218

standing orders

Front 219

You receive a call to a residence for a 44-year-old man who is “ill.” The patient, who receives dialysis treatments three times a week, tells you that he has missed his last two treatments because he was not feeling well. As your partner takes the patient’s vital signs, you apply the ECG, which reveals a sinus rhythm with tall T waves. The 12-lead ECG reveals a sinus rhythm with inverted complexes in lead aVR. On the basis of your clinical findings, you should be MOST suspicious that the patient is:

Back 219

hyperkalemic

Front 220

You should be MOST suspicious that a patient has systemic iron toxicity if he or she presents with:

Back 220

hematemesis

Front 221

A classic sign of atrial flutter is:

Back 221

the presence of sawtooth F waves.

Front 222

According to the Haddon matrix, which of the following is an example of a pre-event strategy used to prevent injury in a child who is riding in a motor vehicle?

Back 222

reducing driving during high-risk times

Front 223

Physiologic age-related decreases in skin elasticity are the result of:

Back 223

decreased collagen and elastin production

Front 224

Q. A patient with quiet tachypnea is MOST likely experiencing:

Back 224

shock

Front 225

The headache commonly experienced by a women during their menstrual cycle is caused by?

Back 225

hormonal release

Front 226

The most effective way to reinforce your interest in and concern for your patient is to?

Back 226

use a calm and steady tone of reassurance

Front 227

The primary determinants of the extent of trauma a patient sustains are the:

Back 227

amount of energy in the object and the mechanism by which the object is delivered to the body

Front 228

The term caudad means?

Back 228

lower, towards the feet

Front 229

The toxic chemical in castor beans is:

Back 229

ricin

Front 230

Using casual nicknames can be especially problematic when:

Back 230

Cultural differences exist between you and the patient.

Front 231

You receive a call to a residence in a rural area of your jurisdiction for a patient with an acute COPD exacerbation. Upon arriving at the scene, you knock on the door and identify yourself. The patient, an elderly-sounding man, tells you that you took too long to get to him, and that he has a shotgun. You should:

Back 231

immediately retreat to the ambulance and notify law enforcement

Front 232

* The ___ reflex happens when an infant is startled and opens his or her arms wide?

Back 232

moro

Front 233

At a minimum, a level 2 trauma center should:

Back 233

be able to initiate definitive care for all injured patients

Front 234

Elderly people are more susceptible to intracranial bleeding because of:

Back 234

enlargement of the subdural space

Front 235

EMS providers who read off a list of questions to the patient to fill in all the blanks on the run report:

Back 235

Tend to make little or no eye contact.

Front 236

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) commonly affects all of the following organs, EXCEPT the?

Back 236

urinary bladder

Front 237

Q. One of the hallmarks of a pulmonary embolism is:

Back 237

cyanosis that does not resolve with oxygen therapy

Front 238

The EMS network begins?

Back 238

with citizen involvement

Front 239

The severity with which a hazardous material interferes with the body’s internal processes is LEAST affected by the:

Back 239

part of the body exposed

Front 240

Vasoconstriction occurs following stimulation of:

Back 240

alpha receptors.

Front 241

When too much water enters a cell and the cell swells and bursts, this process is called?

Back 241

lysis

Front 242

Which of the following is NOT a main component of the hematologic system:

Back 242

pancreas

Front 243

Q. Neuromuscular blocking agents:

Back 243

convert a breathing patient with a marginal airway into an apneic patient with no airway

Front 244

The area located posterior to the partial peritoneum that contains the kidneys is called the?

Back 244

retroperitoneal space

Front 245

The MOST effective injury prevention program is one that is?

Back 245

broad and ongoing

Front 246

When applying the precordial leads, lead I should be placed in the:

Back 246

fourth intercostal space at the right sternal border.

Front 247

When summoning an air transport service to transport a critically injured patient, it is MOST important to:

Back 247

activate the service as soon as possible

Front 248

When transferring a geriatric patient from a hospital to an extended care facility, it is MOST important to:

Back 248

Review the patient’s transfer paperwork.

Front 249

Which of the following questions is the MOST important to ask when obtaining a patient’s gynecologic history?

Back 249

“When was your last menstrual period?”

Front 250

Which of the following statements regarding belt noise is MOST correct?

Back 250

it is the squealing sound related to a load on one of the belt-operated appliances.

Front 251

Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is MOST commonly used to:

Back 251

facilitate sexual assault

Front 252

Hypotension and orthostatic vital sign changes would MOST likely occur in elderly people who take:

Back 252

diuretics

Front 253

If nonencapsulated bacteria enter the body?

Back 253

macrophages begin to destroy them immediately

Front 254

A pt has requested to be transported to a specific hospital; however, the hospital does not have the proper resources to meet the patient's needs. You should?

Back 254

determine if there is a more appropriate medical facility within a reasonable distance

Front 255

Anemia would result from all of the following conditions, EXCEPT:

Back 255

an increase in iron

Front 256

Controlling a patient's fear involves?

Back 256

using your own sense of competence and professional calm

Front 257

Q. Several cycles of basic life support maneuvers have failed to relieve a severe airway obstruction in an unconscious 44-year-old woman. You should:

Back 257

perform direct laryngoscopy and attempt to remove the obstruction with Magill forceps

Front 258

Structural protection afforded to a motorcycle rider during a crash comes from:

Back 258

protective gear worn by the rider

Front 259

Systemic effects following exposure to a hazardous material:

Back 259

may be delayed for hours or even years

Front 260

The inferior wall of the left ventricle is supplied by the:

Back 260

right coronary artery.

Front 261

The MOST important thing you can do to facilitate the exchange of information between you and your patient is to:

Back 261

Pay Attention!

Front 262

Therapeutic doses of certain drugs may reach toxic levels in older people due to deterioration of the:

Back 262

liver

Front 263

Which of the following statements regarding the umbilical cord is MOST correct?

Back 263

the umbilical vein carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus

Front 264

You are assigned to a paramedic unit and receive a call to an elderly housing unit for the report of a 76-year-old man who fell. You find the man on the floor of his room, in pain, and you immediately notice that his right foot and knee are pointing outward. You do an assessment and obtain vital signs before calling medical control for an order to give pain medication. Which of the following terms should you use when describing the position of the leg to medical control?

Back 264

externally rotated

Front 265

Aging is a linear process, which means that:

Back 265

the rate at which we lose functions does not increase with age

Front 266

Common signs of left-sided heart failure include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Back 266

hypotension.

Front 267

Mass casualty equipment and supplies needed for airway control include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Back 267

large-bore IV catheters for thoracic decompression

Front 268

Professional skepticism is?

Back 268

a useful tool and facilitates sound clinical decision making

Front 269

Q. End-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) detection is a reliable method for confirming proper ET tube placement because:

Back 269

carbon dioxide is not present in the esophagus

Front 270

The MOST appropriate initial question to ask a patient who complains of chest pain is:

Back 270

Can you describe the pain?

Front 271

What is the movement of water out of plasma across the capillary membrane into interstitial space called?

Back 271

filtration

Front 272

What type of injuries would MOST likely occur if a passenger is wearing his or her lap belt above the pelvic bone during a frontal impact?

Back 272

Abdominal and lumbar spine

Front 273

Which of the following interventions generally is preferred for a patient who overdosed on a barbiturate more than 1 hour ago?

Back 273

Activated charcoal

Front 274

Which of the following is NOT a critical point addressed by the "White Paper" written in 1966, that was entitled "Accidental Death and Disability: The Neglected Disease of Modern Society"?

Back 274

ensuring that paramedics responded to every call

Front 275

You are caring for a 44-year-old woman who was sexually assaulted by several men. She is conscious but very quiet. Your partner, a female paramedic, quickly examines her and finds no immediate life threatening injuries. The patient tells you that all she wants to do is go home and take a shower. After multiple attempts to convince the patient to consent to transport, you are unsuccessful. Your MOST appropriate action should be to?

Back 275

ask the patient if there is a friend you can call with whom she can stay.

Front 276

A metallic taste in the mouth, explosive diarrhea, and a skin rash are MOST indicative of:

Back 276

arsenic poisoning

Front 277

Barotrauma secondary to bag-mask ventilations in an infant means that your ventilations?

Back 277

were too forceful

Front 278

Common signs and symptoms of gardnerella vaginitis include?

Back 278

a “fishy” vaginal odor, itching, irritation, and vaginal discharge

Front 279

In a patient with left heart failure and pulmonary edema:

Back 279

increased pressure in the left atrium and pulmonary veins forces serum out of the pulmonary capillaries and into the alveoli.

Front 280

Patient autonomy is MOST accurately defined as the?

Back 280

patient's right to direct his or her own care and to decide how end-of-life care should be provided

Front 281

Q. When auscultating the lungs of a patient with pulmonary edema, you will MOST likely hear:

Back 281

crackles in the bases of the lungs at the end of inspiration

Front 282

Reflection is a powerful tool for getting a good patient history because:

Back 282

Two reasons: 1) Reflection usually does not break the flow of your patient’s thoughts. It helps you both stay focused. 2 )The information you will obtain is not biased by “leading the patient”.

Front 283

Routine pre-hospital treatment for a patient with internal hemorrhage and shock includes all of the following, EXCEPT:

Back 283

analgesia if the systolic BP is greater than 70 mmHg

Front 284

When transporting one stable and one critical patient in the same ambulance, you should:

Back 284

load the most critical patient last so he or she can be unloaded first.

Front 285

Which of the following statements regarding aging is MOST correct?

Back 285

Health care providers may attribute genuine disease symptoms to age, resulting in inadequate care

Front 286

Which of the following types of epithelium consists of single layer of cells of varying heights?

Back 286

pseudostratified

Front 287

* Hyperkalemia is most accurately defined as?

Back 287

an elevated SERUM potassium level

Front 288

During shock, norepinephrine release causes:

Back 288

the body to shunt blood from areas of lesser need to areas of greater need

Front 289

During your initial assessment of a patient with a hematologic disorder, your priority should be to:

Back 289

note any signs and symptoms that may be immediately life threatening.

Front 290

If a paramedic is self-motivated, he or she should NOT?

Back 290

require maximum supervision at work

Front 291

Postmenopausal women?

Back 291

are more susceptible to atherosclerosis and osteoporosis

Front 292

Q. The ___ are pyramid-like structures that form the posterior attachment of the vocal cords.

Back 292

arytenoid cartilages

Front 293

The objective of dash displacement is to:

Back 293

lift the dash up and move it forward

Front 294

The proper compression-to-ventilation ratio for two-rescuer adult CPR when an oropharyngeal airway is in place is:

Back 294

30:2

Front 295

What is the name of the mechanisms within a cell that carry out the functions needed for the human body to function?

Back 295

organelles

Front 296

When a patient tells you that he or she takes a “water pill,” it is MOST important for you to:

Back 296

Clarify what they mean.

Front 297

Which of the following is an extrinsic cause of falls in the elderly?

Back 297

An uneven sidewalk

Front 298

An acetone breath odor is common following exposure to all of the following toxins, EXCEPT:

Back 298

camphor

Front 299

An empathetic attitude:

Back 299

“Putting yourself in his or her shoes”. Empathy can help you set your patient on a path to healing ~ no matter what the diagnosis.

Front 300

If your only protection from gunfire in a residence is behind a frame wall, you should:

Back 300

stand near the door or window frame, which usually contain more wood than other areas of the wall.

Front 301

In addition to meeting the metabolic needs of the developing fetus, the mother’s blood supply increases significantly in order to perfuse her own organs, especially the?

Back 301

uterus and kidneys

Front 302

Q. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by:

Back 302

changes in pulmonary structure and function that are progressive and irreversible

Front 303

The appropriate dosing regimen for epinephrine in cardiac arrest is:

Back 303

1 mg of a 1:10,000 solution every 3 to 5 min

Front 304

The covering of the lungs is called the?

Back 304

visceral pleura

Front 305

To be credible, an injury prevention intervention?

Back 305

should have quantitatively measured results

Front 306

Typical signs and symptoms of Meniere disease include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Back 306

otorrhea

Front 307

What aggregates in a clump and forms much of the foundation of a blood clot during the process of coagulation:

Back 307

platelets

Front 308

Which of the following psychosocial changes is common during adolescence?

Back 308

fixation on public image and fear of embarrassment

Front 309

During the irreversible (terminal) phase of shock:

Back 309

the body attempts to shunt blood from the liver, kidneys, and lungs to keep the heart and brain perfused

Front 310

HTN is present when the blood pressure:

Back 310

is consistently greater than 140/90 mmHg while at rest.

Front 311

If your department has its own technical rescue team:

Back 311

technical rescue protocols should be established

Front 312

Q. Which of the following findings is MOST clinically significant in a 30-year-old woman with difficulty breathing and a history of asthma?

Back 312

Prior ICU admission for her asthma

Front 313

The effort to rehabilitate a person who has survived an injury is called?

Back 313

tertiary injury prevention

Front 314

The emotional state of craving a drug to maintain a feeling of well-being is defined as:

Back 314

psychological dependence

Front 315

What event occurs during the third stage of labor?

Back 315

placental delivery

Front 316

When asking a patient if he or she uses illegal drugs, you will MOST likely get accurate information if you:

Back 316

Remain professional and nonjudgmental.

Front 317

When assessing an older person, you should remember that it is common for him or her to:

Back 317

respond slowly to questions

Front 318

Which of the following is not an example of an open-ended question?

Back 318

"Does the pain radiate to your arm or jaw?"

Front 319

You arrive at the scene of a bar fight. The scene has been made safe. A police officer meets you and tells you that he believes the victim was stabbed in the neck and the carotid artery may have been hit. Which triangle in the neck was most likely punctured?

Back 319

anterior

Front 320

Formed elements of the blood account for approximately ___% of the total blood volume.

Back 320

45%

Front 321

If a patient refuses to give you information, you should:

Back 321

Infer what could be causing the distress and then ask the patient if you are right (i.e, “So, if I understand you correctly...”)

Front 322

If you suspect internal bleeding during the initial assessment, you should:

Back 322

keep the patient warm and administer oxygen

Front 323

In contrast to the lesions associated with other skin disorders, the lesions associated with smallpox:

Back 323

are identical in size and shape

Front 324

Movement of an extremity toward the midline is called?

Back 324

adduction

Front 325

Q. Open cricothyrotomy is generally contraindicated in all of the following situations, EXCEPT:

Back 325

any patient who is younger than 16 years of age

Front 326

The MOST common cause of amenorrhea is?

Back 326

pregnancy

Front 327

Which of the following statements regarding protocols is MOST correct?

Back 327

protocols are usually developed in conjunction with national standards

Front 328

You and an EMT-B are performing CPR on an elderly woman in cardiac arrest as your paramedic partner prepares to intubate her. After the patient has been intubated and proper ET tube placement has been confirmed, you should:

Back 328

perform asynchronous CPR while ventilating the patient at a rate of 8 to 10 breaths/min.

Front 329

You will distance yourself from your patient as a person if you?

Back 329

use complicated medical terminology

Front 330

After falls, ___ is/are the second leading cause of accidental death among the elderly people.

Back 330

motor vehicle accidents

Front 331

_____ connect(s) muscles to bones?

Back 331

tendons

Front 332

A 39-year-old man in asystole has been unresponsive to CPR and 2 doses of epinephrine. The patient is intubated and an intraosseous catheter is in place. What intervention should you perform next?

Back 332

Administer 1 mg of atropine.

Front 333

Anaerobic metabolism:

Back 333

is less efficient than aerobic metabolism and leads to systemic acidosis

Front 334

Before asking a patient how he or she is feeling, you must FIRST:

Back 334

Ask for facts first, then follow up. Establish a rapport before asking how they are feeling.

Front 335

If a woman’s prepregnancy resting heart rate is 70 bpm, you would expect her heart rate to range between ___ and ___ at term.

Back 335

85, 90

Front 336

Many ___ believe that touching the head may put their soul in jeopardy.

Back 336

Asians

Front 337

Q. Which of the following is NOT a contraindication for nasotracheal intubation?

Back 337

spinal injury

Front 338

The poisonous part of the apricot plant is the ___, which contains:

Back 338

seed, cyanide

Front 339

Which of the following situations would be LEAST likely to require a critical incident stress debriefing (CISD)?

Back 339

death of a 91 yo pt with lung CA

Front 340

Which of the following statements regarding radiation is MOST correct?

Back 340

it is impossible to recognize the type of radiation emitted from a given source

Front 341

You are dispatched to an assisted living center for an 80-year-old woman who is vomiting bright red blood. Upon your arrival, you find the patient sitting in a chair. She is conscious and alert, but is markedly pale and diaphoretic. Her medical history is significant for hypertension, congestive heart failure, type 2 diabetes, hypothyroidism, and osteoarthritis. Her medications include Toprol, lisinopril, Glucophage, Synthroid, and ibuprofen. Her blood pressure is 76/56 mmHg, pulse is 76 beats/min and weak, and respirations are 24 breaths/min and shallow. Which of the following statements regarding this scenario is MOST correct?

Back 341

This patient, who is in shock, probably has a bleeding peptic ulcer secondary to ibuprofen use, and the lack of compensatory tachycardia is likely the result of the beta blocker she is taking.

Front 342

* Which of the following questions would MOST like reveal a hidden medical condition when communicating with a patient who has a severe headache?

Back 342

"What happened the last time you felt this way?"

Front 343

A hypertensive emergency is MOST accurately defined as:

Back 343

An acute elevation in blood pressure with signs of end-organ damage

Front 344

A man is lying on his back with his legs elevated approximately 12 inches and his head down. What is this position called?

Back 344

Trendelenburg's

Front 345

Anemia resulting from an autoimmune disorder occurs when:

Back 345

red blood cells are destroyed by the body’s own antibodies.

Front 346

If you discover that a seemingly ordinary EMS call is actually a hazardous materials incident, you should:

Back 346

immediately notify the dispatcher and request the appropriate resources

Front 347

Q. When administering a nebulized bronchodilator, the oxygen flow rate should be set to at least ___ liters per minute.

Back 347

6

Front 348

The MOST effective way to deal with stress is to?

Back 348

identify the stress triggers and take action to minimize their effects

Front 349

The MOST significant factor that determines how well the body compensates for blood loss is:

Back 349

the period of time over which the blood is lost

Front 350

When examining the placenta, you should suspect fetal anemia if?

Back 350

the maternal side of the placenta is pale

Front 351

Which of the following questions would be MOST appropriate to ask when attempting to determine the quality of a patient's pain?

Back 351

Does the pain come and go, or is it constant?

Front 352

You are called to a residence for a 74-year-old woman who fainted. During your assessment, the patient’s son tells you that he was standing next to his mother when she fainted and that he caught her before she fell to the floor. He further tells you that his mother has angina pectoris and kidney disease. The patient is now conscious but confused. Her blood pressure is 80/50 mmHg, pulse is 110 beats/min and weak, and her respirations are 22 breaths/min and regular. As your partner administers supplemental oxygen to the patient, you should:

Back 352

assess for the presence of a nitroglycerin patch on the patient and remove it if she is wearing one.

Front 353

A regular rhythm with inverted P waves before each QRS complex, a ventricular rate of 70 beats/min, narrow QRS complexes, and a P-R interval of 0.16 seconds should be interpreted as a/an:

Back 353

accelerated junctional rhythm.

Front 354

If an individual has A-positive blood:

Back 354

his or her blood contains the Rh antigen

Front 355

It is appropriate to ask, “Would you say the pain is similar to or worse than with previous episodes?” when determining the ¬¬¬___ of a patient's pain.

Back 355

Severity

Front 356

Q. Common clinical findings in patients with obstructive lung disease include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Back 356

a decreased expiratory pause

Front 357

The bend of the elbow is known as the?

Back 357

antecubital fossa

Front 358

Upper respiratory tract infections are more common in toddlers than in infants because?

Back 358

of a loss of passive immunity

Front 359

When caring for any pt, it is important to remember that?

Back 359

your moral standards may conflict with the pts best interests

Front 360

Which of the following statements regarding the use of emergency escorts is MOST correct?

Back 360

Many drivers will only see the first emergency vehicle and assume that it is clear once that vehicle has passed

Front 361

Which of the following factors would MOST likely cause vague or atypical signs of acute myocardial infarction?

Back 361

female sex and diabetes

Front 362

Which of the following statements regarding endometriosis is MOST correct?

Back 362

untreated endometriosis may result in septic shock

Front 363

Widespread dilation of the resistance vessels, capacitance vessels, or both, leads to:

Back 363

distributive shock

Front 364

* The induction phase of the immune response begins when?

Back 364

part of the immune system recognizes an antigen

Front 365

A third-service EMS system is one in which:

Back 365

a public agency not affiliated with the fire department provides EMS service

Front 366

Aging brings a widespread disease in bone mass, especially:

Back 366

in postmenopausal women

Front 367

During the proliferative phase?

Back 367

estrogen stimulates the endometrium to increase in thickness in preparation for the reception and future growth of a fertilized egg.

Front 368

For the EMS provider, the process of collecting and analyzing data regarding injury prevention begins with?

Back 368

completing a legible PCR

Front 369

Pharmacologic management for a black widow-spider bite may include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Back 369

sodium bicarbonate

Front 370

Q. The MOST significant complication associated with the use of multilumen airways is:

Back 370

unrecognized displacement of the tube into the esophagus

Front 371

The mnemonic “OPQRST” is a tool that:

Back 371

Offers an easy-to-remember approach to analyzing a patient’s chief complaint that is simple and effective.

Front 372

The preferred antiarrhythmic medication and initial dose for a patient with refractory ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia is:

Back 372

amiodarone, 300 mg.

Front 373

Which of the following conditions would result in obstructive shock?

Back 373

Tension pneumothorax

Front 374

Which term describes an imaginary line drawn vertically through the middle portion of the collarbone and parallel to the midline?

Back 374

midclavicular

Front 375

Untreated depression in people over 65 years of age:

Back 375

is associated with a higher suicide rate than any other age group

Front 376

When documenting the severity of a patient's pain, it is also important to:

Back 376

Note how distressed the patient appears: mild, moderate, or severe.

Front 377

When wearing gloves while taking care of a pt, you should?

Back 377

take them off before you drive the ambulance to the hospital

Front 378

You are dispatched to a residence for a 29-year-old woman with difficulty breathing. The patient was recently diagnosed with leukemia and has just completed her first round of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Upon arriving at the scene, you find the patient sitting in a recliner. Her level of consciousness is markedly diminished and her breathing is shallow. Her husband, obviously frightened, pleads with you to do something. You should FIRST:

Back 378

move her to the floor and open her airway

Front 379

A patient's vital signs, ECG findings, and blood glucose reading should be?

Back 379

disclosed to the patient if he or she inquires about them

Front 380

A woman who does not take prenatal vitamins during the course of her pregnancy is at GREATEST risk for?

Back 380

anemia

Front 381

Air ambulances are advantageous for all of the following reasons, EXCEPT:

Back 381

more experience of the flight paramedics

Front 382

During compensated shock:

Back 382

an increase in respiratory rate and depth creates a compensatory respiratory alkalosis to offset the metabolic acidosis

Front 383

Leads V1 to V3 allow you to view ___ wall of the left ventricle.

Back 383

Anteroseptal

Front 384

Q. Which of the following patients has the lowest minute volume?

Back 384

Tidal volume of 350 mL; respiratory rate of 12 breaths/min

Front 385

The rotator cuff is also called the?

Back 385

shoulder girdle

Front 386

A solution that has equal osmotic pressure to cells and body fluid, such as normal saline, is said to be?

Back 386

isotonic

Front 387

A weak radial pulse in a patient with shock indicates:

Back 387

vascular dilation and decreased blood flow

Front 388

Dysmenorrhea that occurs before, during, and after menstrual flow?

Back 388

may signal an underlying illness.

Front 389

If the ECG leads are applied correctly, the PQRST configuration should be inverted in lead:

Back 389

aVR

Front 390

Polypharmacy is MOST accurately defined as:

Back 390

the prescribing of multiple drugs to treat multiple conditions

Front 391

Q. The cricothyroid membrane:

Back 391

is relatively avascular and is covered by skin and minimal subcutaneous tissue

Front 392

Throughout the patient assessment process:

Back 392

Look for nonverbal communication, such as changes in facial expression, heavy sighs, or aggressive gestures (finger pointing)

Front 393

You are caring for a patient with non-life-threatening injuries in the treatment section of a mass casualty incident when you are approached by several TV reporters who are seeking details regarding the incident. You should:

Back 393

direct the reporters to the public information officer

Front 394

You arrive at the scene of a major motor vehicle crash. The pt, a 29 yo man, is in cardiac arrest from a severe head injury and has been receiving bystander CPR for approximately 10 min. A law enforcement official advises you that the pt's driver's license identifies him as an organ donor. You should?

Back 394

begin full resuscitative efforts and transport the patient to a trauma center because certain tissues may be viable for harvesting

Front 395

You would expect a person to be hypertensive and tachycardic following exposure to all of the following, EXCEPT:

Back 395

parathion

Front 396

You would MOST likely see an increased end-tidal CO2 reading in an otherwise healthy older adult because?

Back 396

residual volume increases with age, resulting in stagnant air remaining in the alveoli and hampering gas exchange

Front 397

A woman finds her 50-year-old husband unresponsive on the couch. When you arrive and begin your assessment, the wife tells you that her husband experienced an episode of chest discomfort 2 days prior, but refused to seek medical attention. The patient is unconscious and unresponsive; is breathing with a marked reduction in tidal volume; and has rapid, thready radial pulses. Your partner reports that the patient’s systolic BP is 70 mmHg. The MOST appropriate treatment for this patient involves:

Back 397

assisting his ventilations, applying a cardiac monitor, intubating if necessary, auscultating his lungs, transporting at once, establishing vascular access en route, administering a 200-mL crystalloid bolus if his lungs are clear, and considering a dopamine infusion.

Front 398

Abnormal neurologic signs that accompany hypertensive encephalopathy occur when:

Back 398

pressure causes a breach in the blood brain barrier and fluid leaks out, causing an increase in intracranial pressure.

Front 399

For the first year of life, an infant has naturally acquired passive immunities because?

Back 399

he or she maintains some of the mother's immunities

Front 400

If you have a bad cold, it is MOST appropriate to?

Back 400

refrain from pt care

Front 401

Q. The upper airway of an adult consists of all the structures above the:

Back 401

vocal cords

Front 402

What is the movement of a solvent from an area of low solute concentration to one of higher concentration through a selectively permeable membrane called?

Back 402

osmosis

Front 403

When assessing a patient who is under the influence of alcohol, it is MOST important to remember that:

Back 403

Do not assume that all that you are told is completely accurate and keep your best professional attitude as you work with patients you suspect of using drugs or alcohol. Alcohol may mask any number of signs and symptoms.

Front 404

Which of the following changes occurs in the respiratory system of a pregnant woman?

Back 404

minute ventilation increases by as much as 50%, which causes the PaCO2 to drop by about 5%.

Front 405

Which of the following disease processes would MOST likely present with signs and symptoms that mimic those seen with normal aging?

Back 405

hypothyroidism

Front 406

Which of the following statements regarding loading and securing a patient in the back of the ambulance is MOST correct?

Back 406

Whether the patient is lying on the stretcher or sitting on the bench seat, he or she must be properly seat-belted.

Front 407

You are caring for an alcoholic patient who has been abstinent for about two days. The patient is confused, restless, and tells you that he sees snakes crawling on the walls. His blood pressure is 76/52 mmHg, pulse rate is 140 bpm and weak, and respirations are 24 breaths/min with adequate depth. In addition to administering oxygen, you should:

Back 407

treat his hypotension with crystalloid fluid boluses.

Front 408

* An injection of immunoglobulin is an example of?

Back 408

passive acquired immunity

Front 409

A 55-year-old man has signs and symptoms consistent with peritonitis. Which of the following symptoms is consistent with this condition?

Back 409

decreased bowel sounds

Front 410

A paramedic is considered a health care professional, and as such should?

Back 410

meet societal expectations whether he or she is on or off duty

Front 411

A woman who is taking pentosan polysulfate sodium (Elmiron) MOST likely has?

Back 411

interstitial cystitis

Front 412

An ambulance should be removed from service immediately if you feel or hear:

Back 412

brake fade

Front 413

Atherosclerosis is a process in which:

Back 413

plaque infiltrates the arterial wall, decreasing its elasticity and narrowing its lumen.

Front 414

If you suspect that a patient has been abused, you should:

Back 414

Never hesitate to call for law enforcement personnel.

Front 415

Q. Digital clubbing is MOST indicative of:

Back 415

chronic hypoxia

Front 416

The dieffencachia plant is also referred to as “dumb cane” because:

Back 416

ingestion can result in the patient being unable to speak.

Front 417

The goal of volume replacement for a patient with hemorrhagic shock is to:

Back 417

maintain perfusion without increasing internal or uncontrollable external bleeding

Front 418

You respond to a residence for an unknown emergency involving an 83-year-old man. When you arrive, you find the patient, who is conscious and alert, sitting on his couch with his head held over a bowl. He tells you that his nose starting bleeding about 20 minutes ago and he cannot get it to stop. As your partner assists the patient in controlling the bleeding, you inquire about his medical history. He tells you that he has chronic atrial fibrillation, high blood pressure, and is occasionally depressed. When you ask him about compliance with his medications, he tells you, “I take my medicine every day, but the writing on the bottles is so small.” The patient’s blood pressure is 112/58 mmHg, pulse rate is 88 beats/min and irregular, and respirations are 18 and unlabored. This patient has MOST likely inadvertently:

Back 418

overdosed on his warfarin

Front 419

Care for a patient with profound shock begins by:

Back 419

following BSI precautions

Front 420

Considering the physiologic changes that occur with age, which of the following interventions would pose the GREATEST risk for harm when caring for an elderly patient with a severe burn that is complicated by a spinal injury?

Back 420

fluid replacement

Front 421

In the late stage of syphilis?

Back 421

the patient is usually asymptomatic, but damage to the brain, heart, blood vessels, and liver is occurring

Front 422

Older adults are prone to subdural hematomas because?

Back 422

age-related shrinkage of the brain stretches the bridging veins that return blood from the brain to the dura mater

Front 423

Q. A critical step when using a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) unit to treat a patient with severe respiratory distress is:

Back 423

ensuring an adequate mask seal with minimal leakage

Front 424

The bioavailability and excretion rate of a toxin are influenced MOST by the:

Back 424

amount of the toxin and the relative speed at which it is metabolized

Front 425

The husband of a terminally ill woman called 911 because he thinks that his wife is about to die. The pt has a valid living will and an out-of-hospital DNR order. You should?

Back 425

treat the husband and his wife with respect and provide emotional support

Front 426

Which of the following findings would make you the LEAST suspicious for abuse or domestic violence?

Back 426

(Suspicious findings WOULD INCLUDE) injuries inconsistent with the information you are given, or multiple injuries in various stages of healing.

Front 427

Which term describes the palm of the hand facing downward?

Back 427

pronation

Front 428

While preparing to receive patients at the scene of a hazardous material spill, you see a middle-aged man approaching your ambulance. He is covered with a green liquid, is dyspneic, and states that he “barely got out of there alive!” You should:

Back 428

tell him to stop immediately and inform the incident commander that the patient has not been decontaminated.

Front 429

You are assessing a conscious and alert middle-aged male who complains of chest discomfort and nausea. His blood pressure is 112/70 mmHg, pulse is 90 beats/min and regular, and respirations are 20 breaths/min and regular. The patient’s past medical history is significant for hypothyroidism and hyperlipidemia. His medications include Synthroid, Lipitor, Cialis, and 1 baby aspirin per day. Which of the following medications would you LEAST likely administer?

Back 429

Nitroglycerin

Front 430

A patient is having trouble breathing and showing signs of a heart attack. The patient is placed on a stretcher, seated, with the back of the stretcher about halfway up. This position is called?

Back 430

semi-Fowler's

Front 431

A patient with a medical condition that requires antiplatelet therapy would MOST likely be taking:

Back 431

Plavix

Front 432

Just after birth, the ductus arteriosus constricts and closes, resulting in?

Back 432

circulation through the pulmonary system

Front 433

Q. Whether you are using the PtL or the Combitube:

Back 433

both devices are inserted blindly into the posterior pharynx

Front 434

When a pt minimizes his or her symptoms by stating, "I'm fine," the paramedic should?

Back 434

find a reliable informant among the pt's family or friends

Front 435

When asking questions pertaining to a patient's sexual history, it is MOST important to remember that:

Back 435

Private setting is essential, also certain factors may inhibit truthful response.

Front 436

When functioning at the scene of a major incident, communication should:

Back 436

be face to face to minimize radio traffic

Front 437

Which of the following central nervous system functions does NOT change as a person ages?

Back 437

intelligence level

Front 438

Which of the following interventions is influenced strongly by the amount of time that has elapsed since a patient ingested a toxic substance?

Back 438

Gastric lavage

Front 439

Which of the following statements regarding hypotension and shock is MOST correct?

Back 439

Hypotension is a classic sign of shock, but it occurs late

Front 440

Which of the following statements regarding the human papillomavirus (HPV) is MOST correct?

Back 440

HPV has been identified as a causative agent in cervical cancer

Front 441

An increase in maternal cardiac output can cause a benign systolic flow murmur, which results from?

Back 441

hypertrophy of the heart and dilation across the tricuspid valve

Front 442

As multiple myeloma progresses, the patient would MOST likely experience:

Back 442

spontaneous fractures

Front 443

External bleeding would be the LEAST difficult to control in a patient with a large laceration to the ___ and a BP of ___ mmHg.

Back 443

Brachial artery, 68/46

Front 444

If a patient does not respond to a question within a couple of seconds, he or she:

Back 444

May simply be searching for the answer. Trying to decide if he can trust you.

Front 445

If you are at the scene of an incident that potentially involves a weapon of mass destruction and other emergency resources are en route, it is MOST important for you to give the dispatcher information regarding the:

Back 445

optimal route of approach

Front 446

Which term describes the turning of an extremity toward the midline?

Back 446

internal rotation

Front 447

The inner layer of the heart is known as the?

Back 447

endocardium

Front 448

The large area between the lungs is referred to as the?

Back 448

mediastinum

Front 449

The appendix is found in which abdominal compartment?

Back 449

right lower quadrant (RLQ)

Front 450

Which of the following is NOT one of the stages of mitosis?

Back 450

nucleophase

Front 451

Which body plane divides the body into the cephalad and caudad parts?

Back 451

transverse

Front 452

Your paramedic squad is dispatched to a reported diabetic emergency. Upon arriving at the scene you find a 24-year-old man in what appears to be a progessing case of hypoglycemia that has come on suddenly and appears to be developing rapidly. Which of the following signs do you NOT expect the patient to exhibit?

Back 452

alert & calm demeanor

Front 453

How many bones compose the skeletal system of the frame of the body?

Back 453

206

Front 454

The full distance that a joint can be moved is called?

Back 454

range of motion

Front 455

Which term refers to the back?

Back 455

dorsal

Front 456

Which term describes a body that is resting on its back with the face upward?

Back 456

supine

Front 457

You contact medical control and receive an order for 5% dextrose is water (D5W). What type of solution is this?

Back 457

hypotonic

Front 458

What is the uptake of solid particles through the cell membrane called?

Back 458

phagocytosis

Front 459

The position of the human body from which all body position descriptions are derived is called?

Back 459

anatomic position

Front 460

_______ are tough white bands of tissue that bind joints together, connecting bone and cartilage?

Back 460

ligaments

Front 461

Small, rod-like organelles that function as the metabolic center of the cell are called?

Back 461

mitochondria

Front 462

A motor vehicle accident has resulted in a patient with a traumatic head injury. Upon arrival at the hospital you are informed that the patient has an epidural hemorrhage. Where is the bleeding occuring?

Back 462

outer layer of the dura

Front 463

Which term means "toward the head"?

Back 463

cephalad

Front 464

When placing a patient on a long board for spinal immobilization, what body surface of the patient is in contact with the board?

Back 464

posterior

Front 465

You have treated a motorcyclist for a right tibia/fibula fracture. The deformity is below the knee. When making the radio report to the hospital, which of the following terms most correctly describes the location of the injury?

Back 465

distal to the knee

Front 466

Maintenance of a relatively stable internal physiologic environment in which the cells live is called?

Back 466

homeostasis

Front 467

You respond to a patient who was reported to have been seizing and who is now postictal. No trauma is suspected. You place the patient in the ________ position, which will allow for fluids to drain from the mouth.

Back 467

recovery

Front 468

The viscous material that supports all internal cellular structures is called?

Back 468

protoplasm

Front 469

Your ambulance is dispatched to a 6-month-old patient who is reported to have been sick for two days with diarrhea and vomiting. After performing the assessment you suspect dehydration. One of the signs you should check is the head, where you would expect to find what landmark sunken?

Back 469

fontanelle

Front 470

Organelles that contain RNA and protein that interact with RNA from other parts of the cells to join amino acids together to form proteins are called?

Back 470

ribosomes

Front 471

The motion associated with the return of a body part from a flexed position is called?

Back 471

extension

Front 472

Which of the following is NOT a type of tissue?

Back 472

squamous

Front 473

What is the shiny connective tissue that is lubricated by synovial fluid?

Back 473

cartilage

Front 474

What are the specialized tough cords or bands of dense white connective tissue that are continous with the periosteum?

Back 474

tendon

Front 475

Strains can be classified with regard to degree of damage. Whate grade is assigned to a strain with minimal damage and no swelling or bruisng?

Back 475

I

Front 476

Sprains can be classified with regard to degree of damage. What grade is assigned to a sprain with complete disruption of the ligament along with severe swelling and bruising?

Back 476

III

Front 477

What are cells that produce bone tissue called?

Back 477

osteoblasts

Front 478

Bones are classified according to their shape. Which of the following is NOT one of these classificiations?

Back 478

articulated

Front 479

The growth plate of a bone is also referred to as the _______ plate.

Back 479

epiphyseal

Front 480

A fracture at an angle to the shaft of the bone is called a/an?

Back 480

oblique fracture

Front 481

Formation of new bone on the surface of the bone is called ________ bone growth.

Back 481

appositional

Front 482

The ______ part of the skeletal system consists, in part, of the skull and spine.

Back 482

appendicular

Front 483

The brain connects to the spinal cord through a large opening at the base of the skull known as the?

Back 483

foramen magnum

Front 484

The cranial vault is divided into compartments. Which compartment contains the occipital bone and foramen magnum?

Back 484

posterior fossa

Front 485

The prominent bony ridge that is the point of attachement from the meninges is the?

Back 485

crista galli

Front 486

The pituitary gland resides in a saddle-shaped depression in the middle of the sphenoid bone that is called?

Back 486

sella turcica

Front 487

Which bone of the skull is found on the sides of the head?

Back 487

temporal

Front 488

The cranial nerve for smell is called?

Back 488

olfactory bulb

Front 489

The _______ joint is where the posterior condyle of the mandible articulates.

Back 489

temporomandibular

Front 490

The cavity that fills the center of the tooth and contains blood vessels, nerves and specialized connective tissues is called?

Back 490

pulp

Front 491

The spine is divided into how many sections?

Back 491

5

Front 492

There are how many pairs of floating ribs?

Back 492

2

Front 493

The ____ joint of the spinal column is where C1 articulates with the skull

Back 493

atlanto-occipital

Front 494

How many pairs of ribs, called true ribs, attach directly to the sternum?

Back 494

7

Front 495

The sternum is divided into bodies; which is the top portion?

Back 495

manubrium

Front 496

The vertebrae that fuse into a plate-like bone that forms the posterior portion of the pelvis is called the?

Back 496

sacrum

Front 497

Which of the following is NOT an immoveable joint?

Back 497

movement between the radius and ulna

Front 498

The shoulder joint is a ball-and-socket joint in which the head of the humerus articulates with the glenoid fossa, which is part of the?

Back 498

scapula

Front 499

Which of the following is NOT a ligament that holds the acromioclavicular (AC) joint in place?

Back 499

medial border

Front 500

A bursa is a fluid-filled sac situated between?

Back 500

tendon and bone

Front 501

A group of eight bones compose the wrist; collectively they are called?

Back 501

carpals

Front 502

The socket of the ball-and-socket joint that connects the pelvic girdle with the lower extremity is called?

Back 502

acetabulum

Front 503

The _____ is an enlargement of the distal end of the fibula and forms the lateral wall of the ankle joint.

Back 503

lateral malleolus

Front 504

The ____ bone is inferior and lateral to the talus in the foot.

Back 504

calcaneus

Front 505

The medullary cavity contains a substance known as?

Back 505

bone marrow

Front 506

Your paramedic squad is dispatched to a reported motor vehicle crash in a rural section of your response area. Upon arrival you find an older-model truck has run into a tree, and the driver, who was not wearing a seat belt, has sustained a head injury. It is unknown how much time elapsed between the crash and the discovery of the crash. Your partner does the rapid trauma assessment and reports Battle signs. Where would this sign be visible?

Back 506

over the mastoid process

Front 507

You are dispatched to a local school for a 15-year-old student who was doing a gymnastics routine and fell on her face, striking her face in the floor. She is responding to painful stimuli, and you notice that there is a clear, watery fluid coming from her nose, which you suspect is cerebrospinal fluid. You suspect that there is a fracture of what structure?

Back 507

cribriform plate

Front 508

You are assessing a 34-year-old woman who reports that she is suffering from temporomandibular joint (TMJ) syndrome, and she has ringing in her ears. The appropriate medical terminology for this symptom is?

Back 508

tinnitus

Front 509

Your paramedic unit is dispatched to a bar fight. Upon arrival, you find the scene has been secured by the police, and you have one patient who was hit in the face. You notice that the patient has considerable bruising under the left eye. You suspect that the floor of the orbit has been fractured. This is a?

Back 509

blowout fracture

Front 510

You respond to a call to a nursing home for a 84-year-old woman who had fallen and was suspected of having a possible cervical spine injury. You notice an exaggerated curve in the lumbar region, which you know must be handled appropriately when backboarding and preparing for transport. The medical term for this condition of the lower back is?

Back 510

lordosis

Front 511

A call to a shopping mall finds a man whose foot got caught and twisted while he was walking. The man reports a popping sensation with severe pain in the knee. You suspect that he has most likely sustained injury to the?

Back 511

medial meniscus

Front 512

A 27-year-old patient with an isolated long bone fracture as the result of a fall starts to develop breathing difficulty and acute chest pain while being transported to the hospital. What do you suspect is the most likely underlying cause?

Back 512

fat emboli traveled to the lung

Front 513

Which of the following is NOT a type of muscle?

Back 513

connective

Front 514

Smooth muscle carries out much of the automatic work of the body without conscious control of the brain; thus, smooth muscle is what kind of muscle?

Back 514

involuntary

Front 515

Myofilaments have more than one type. Which of the following types is active in muscle contractions and cellular movement?

Back 515

actin myofilaments

Front 516

What is the layer of fibrous connective tissue that separates individual muscles called?

Back 516

fascia

Front 517

The junction between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber is called the?

Back 517

neuromuscular junction

Front 518

What is an electrical change in the cell that occurs when it is activated by a stimuli?

Back 518

action potential

Front 519

What chemical does the action potential cause to be released from sacroplasmic reticulum?

Back 519

calcium

Front 520

A resting muscle breaks down fatty acids to make?

Back 520

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Front 521

What causes an increase in the muscle membrane's permeability, allowing sodium (Na+) ions to diffuse into the cell via special protein ion channels, producing an electrical charge?

Back 521

acetylcholine

Front 522

Iron-containing pigment found in red blood cells that carries oxygen in the body is called?

Back 522

hemoglobin

Front 523

Which of the following types of muscle cells are spindle-shaped and have a single nucleus?

Back 523

smooth

Front 524

Which of the following makes up layers of the digestive, reproductive, and urinary tracts?

Back 524

visceral smooth muscle

Front 525

Which type of muscle has the property of intrinsic automaticity?

Back 525

cardiac

Front 526

Muscles that work together to accomplish a particular movement are called?

Back 526

synergists

Front 527

How many muscles attach to the eyeball, allowing it to rotate within the orbin in many directions?

Back 527

6

Front 528

Which cranial nerve innervates the chewing muscles?

Back 528

5th

Front 529

Which of the following muscles of the posterior thorax does NOT form the first layer of back muscles?

Back 529

sternocleidomastoid

Front 530

Which muscle group provides the greatest muscle mass and strength in the back?

Back 530

longissimus

Front 531

Which nerve innervates the diaphragm?

Back 531

phrenic

Front 532

Hand, wrist, and finger movements are mediated by extensor and flexor muscles in the forearm. As a rule, the extensor muscles originate on which aspect of the elbow?

Back 532

lateral

Front 533

All muscles that cause motion of the hand and fingers are innervated by all the following nerves EXCEPT?

Back 533

axillary

Front 534

The perineum is ______ in relationship to the coccygeus and levator ani muscles that form the floor of the pelvis.

Back 534

inferior

Front 535

Which of the following is the longest muscle in the body?

Back 535

sartorius

Front 536

Anatomically and functionally the leg contains four compartments. The Achilles tendon is located in which compartment?

Back 536

superficial posterior

Front 537

You are dispatched to a motor vehicle crash that is at the edge of your jurisdiction and the response time is 15 minutes. While en route you receive an update from a first responder on the scene who provided the following information on one of the patients involved. A 36-year-old man was driving an older model car; he claims to have sustained a whiplash and is feeling dizzy, with blurred vision and pain behind the eyeballs. Based on this information, from which direction was this man's car struck?

Back 537

rear

Front 538

You have a patient who has sustained an injury that may have affected the eye. You call medical control to ask about transporting to a hospital that has a specialist to handle this type of injury. You are asked to check extraoccular movements of the eye and report back. Which of the following would you ask the patient to do as part of this examination?

Back 538

look up and to the right

Front 539

You respond to a local gym, where you find a 37-year-old woman who was playing squash and hurt her leg while stretching for a shot. She reports she is only able to walk flat-footed, stand on the ball of the foot, and cannot do active flexion. You suspect what type of injury?

Back 539

Achilles tendon rupture

Front 540

Your paramedic ambulance is dispatched to an industrial park where an 18-year-old male has his arm inside a piece of heavy machinery. The scene is safe, but will take some time to extricate the patient and transport to the trauma center. You are able to inspect the patient's arm before the extrication is complete, and you notice it is pale and cool, and you cannot detect a pulse. You suspect that this patient has what type of injury?

Back 540

compartment syndrome

Front 541

During breathing, the major movement is produced by what type of movement of the diaphragm?

Back 541

contraction

Front 542

In smooth muscle, electrochemical signals travel quickly from one cell to another. The numerous conduct areas that interconnect the individual cells are called?

Back 542

gap junctions

Front 543

The heart lies in a space between the lungs called the?

Back 543

mediastinum

Front 544

The heart muscle is referred to as the?

Back 544

myocardium

Front 545

Blood enters the right atrium of the heart from three major sources. Which of the following is NOT one of the blood sources for the right atrium?

Back 545

mitral valve

Front 546

The depression between the right & left atrium is called the?

Back 546

fossa ovalis

Front 547

Which valve separates the right atrium from the right ventricle?

Back 547

tricuspid

Front 548

The semilunar valves separate the heart from the?

Back 548

aorta and pulmonary artery

Front 549

Freshly oxygenated blood is returned to the heart through the?

Back 549

pulmonary veins

Front 550

The S2 heart sound is caused by?

Back 550

closure of pulmonic and aortic valves

Front 551

A whoosing sound that indicated chaotic blood flow in a major blood vessel is called a?

Back 551

bruit

Front 552

The sinoatrial (SA) node is located where in the heart?

Back 552

high in the right atrium

Front 553

The ability of cardiac cells to respond to electrical impulses is referred to as the property of?

Back 553

excitability

Front 554

The regulation of the heart's rate of contraction is called?

Back 554

chronotropic state

Front 555

The _____ sense the pressure in the heart or arteries.

Back 555

baroreceptors

Front 556

The ______ effect occurs when certain receptors in the heart are stimulated, resulting in vasoconstriction.

Back 556

alpha

Front 557

There are three positively charged ions responsible for initiating and conducting electrical signals in the heart. Which of the following is NOT one of these ions?

Back 557

Magnesium (Mg2+)

Front 558

The process energy is _____ with the sodium-potassium pump.

Back 558

expended

Front 559

The resting cell normally has a net negative charge with respect to the outside of the cell. What is this state called?

Back 559

polarized state

Front 560

In the early phase of repolarization, the cell contains a large concentration of ions such that it cannot be stimulated to depolarize. What is the period called?

Back 560

absolute refractory period

Front 561

The QRS complex of an ECG represents depolarization of what part of the heart?

Back 561

ventricles

Front 562

The pumping of blood into the systemic and pulmonary circulation during ventricular contraction is known as?

Back 562

systole

Front 563

The pressure in the aorta against which the left ventricle must pump blood is called?

Back 563

afterload

Front 564

The percentage of blood returned to the right atrium that is pumped out of the heart during systole is called?

Back 564

ejection fraction

Front 565

The smooth, thin, inner lining of the wall of a blood vessel is called?

Back 565

tunica intima

Front 566

The circumflex coronary artery is a branch of which coronary artery?

Back 566

left coronary artery

Front 567

Which of the following major arteries does NOT arise from the aortic arch?

Back 567

ascending aorta

Front 568

The internal carotid arteries, together with vertebral arteries, supply blood to where?

Back 568

brain

Front 569

Which artery supplies blood to the pons and the cerebellum?

Back 569

basilar

Front 570

What artery is immediately distal to the femoral artery?

Back 570

popliteal

Front 571

The external jugular vein and internal jugular vein join where?

Back 571

base of the neck

Front 572

What is the longest vein in the body?

Back 572

saphenous

Front 573

The human adult (male) body contains approximately how many mL/kg of blood?

Back 573

70

Front 574

What is the primary function of white blood cells?

Back 574

fight infection

Front 575

You respond to a report of a sick 6-year-old boy. Upon arrival the mother tells you that he has been sick with flu-like symptoms for two days, with vomiting, diarrhea, and poor oral intake. As part of the assessment you obtain a set of vital signs and determine the child is tachycardic. Which of the following might account for this finding?

Back 575

release of epinephrine

Front 576

It is a very cold day and you have been called to transport a person who has been attending an outdoor winter festival. Reportedly, the patient's fingers developed spasms. While conducting your examination in the back of the ambulance, you observe that the fingertips are white. You continue with your assessment, take a set of vital signs, and a SAMPLE history, all of which takes about 5-10 minutes. You then focus on the fingers and notice the color is returning and the spasms have subsided. What is the MOST likely reason for this reaction?

Back 576

Raynaud's phenomenon

Front 577

You respond to a residence, where you find a 55-year-old male who is having significant trouble breathing; his left leg is swollen, warm and tender. While getting a history you find out that he has just returned from a trip to Asia and has been traveling by plane for the last day and a half. What do you think this patient has developed?

Back 577

pulmonary embolism

Front 578

You are on the scene of a patient who appears very ill. You are told that he has "liver disease" and needs to be transported to the hospital. During your assessment, you observe the eyes and the skin are jaundiced. The jaundice is the result of what waste product from the hemoglobin?

Back 578

bilirubin

Front 579

You are on a call to a residence where a 43-year-old male patient was working in his woodworking shop. He cut two fingers of his left hand, the ring finger and the little finger. The lacerations are deep and you believe that all arteries in both fingers have been cut. How many arteries would have been lacerated?

Back 579

4

Front 580

How is cardiac output of the heart expressed?

Back 580

liters per minute

Front 581

You respond to a patient whose chief complaint of intestinal pain that is described as cramping. When taking the SAMPLE history, you determine that she finished her dinner a short time ago. The patient also reports a history of atherosclerosis. You suspect that this patient has a life-threatening condition known as?

Back 581

mesenteric infarct

Front 582

An S3 heart sound is?

Back 582

soft and low pitched

Front 583

The lateral wall of the nasopharynx contains how many bony ridges (conchae)?

Back 583

3

Front 584

Which disease is the result of destruction of alveolar walls?

Back 584

emphysema

Front 585

Vestibular folds are also called?

Back 585

false vocal cords

Front 586

You and your partner are on the scene of a cardiac arrest and have intubated the patient. As part of the protocol, capnography is being performed. While monitoring the patient your partner tells you that the CO2 reading is elevated. You expect which of the following has occurred?

Back 586

primary repiratory acidosis

Front 587

The process of moving air in and out of the lungs is called?

Back 587

ventilation

Front 588

What organ controls respiration?

Back 588

brain

Front 589

Exhalation is what type of process requiring what type of muscle effort?

Back 589

passive process with no effort

Front 590

The alveolocapillary membrane consists of how many layers of cells?

Back 590

1

Front 591

A patient with black lung disease and asbestosis may demonstrate a significant decrease in vital capacity, indicating?

Back 591

restrictive lung disease

Front 592

The trachea is approximately how many inches long in most adults?

Back 592

4

Front 593

The trachea is made up, in part, of?

Back 593

cartilage

Front 594

The point of entry for bronchi, vessels, and nerves into each lung is called the?

Back 594

hilum

Front 595

Each respiratory bronchiole divides to form?

Back 595

alveolar ducts

Front 596

What is the process by which a gas is dissolved in liquid?

Back 596

diffusion

Front 597

What is the primary waste product of metabolism?

Back 597

carbon dioxide

Front 598

The oropharynx extends from what anatomical landmark to the epiglottis?

Back 598

uvula

Front 599

The plural membrane that covers the lungs is the?

Back 599

visceral pleura

Front 600

The trachea branches into the right and left mainstem bronchi at the level of the _____ throacic vertebra.

Back 600

fifth

Front 601

Where is the respiratory center located?

Back 601

medulla oblongata

Front 602

Inspired air contains approximately what percentage of oxygen?

Back 602

21%

Front 603

The glottis is formed by the true vocal cords and the?

Back 603

opening between them

Front 604

You respond to a report of a 14-year-old female patient who is reported having difficulty breathing. Upon arrival you find that she is having difficulty breathing, and her mother tells you that the girl has asthma. You consider which events occur with an asthma attack in order to develop a plan of treatment. Which of the following would you NOT expect with an asthma attack?

Back 604

decreased secretion of mucous

Front 605

The vocal cords are formed by two pairs of?

Back 605

ligaments

Front 606

Deoxygenated blood returns to the heart via the?

Back 606

bronchial veins

Front 607

The conchae form a set of bony convolutions called?

Back 607

turbinates

Front 608

What helps to maintain laminar airflow?

Back 608

turbinates

Front 609

The floor of the nasal cavity is the?

Back 609

hard palate

Front 610

The volume of air remaining in the respiratory passages and lungs after forceful expiration is called?

Back 610

residual volume

Front 611

Which arteries branch off from the thoracic aorta and supply the lung tissues with blood?

Back 611

bronchial arteries

Front 612

The dispatcher informs you that you have a call for respiratory distress. While responding, you receive a radio report from a first responder on the scene giving you patient information. The report includes that the patient is a smoker with a history of COPD. Based on the pathophysiology of this disease, which other piece of information is MOST likely to be included in the first responder's radio report?

Back 612

symptoms increased gradually over days

Front 613

Respiratory exchange between the lung and blood vessels occur in the alveoli at the?

Back 613

alveolocapillary membrane

Front 614

The volume of air inspired during normal inspiration is called?

Back 614

tidal volume

Front 615

A device that records the amound and rate of air that is breathed in and out over a period of time is called a?

Back 615

spirometer

Front 616

The trachea branches into the right and left mainstem at the?

Back 616

carina

Front 617

Increase in the PaCO2 results in decreased pH levels in the respiratory center, which triggers what ventilation response?

Back 617

increase

Front 618

The _____ is the middle lobe of the right lung?

Back 618

lingula (THIS IS A THROWOUT QUESTION)

Front 619

The nasopharynx and oropharynx connect _____ to form a common cavity called the pharynx.

Back 619

posteriorly

Front 620

Each respiratory bronchiole divides to form?

Back 620

alveolar ducts

Front 621

What type of immunity develops over the course of one's lifetime and occurs as a result of natural exposure to invaders?

Back 621

acquired immunity

Front 622

What is the inflammation of lymph nodes that is caused by infection called?

Back 622

lymphadenitis

Front 623

Which of the following is NOT a location where TB might be considered to be prevalent?

Back 623

day care centers

Front 624

Lymphatic capillaries are present in all tissues EXCEPT which of the following systems?

Back 624

central nervous system

Front 625

What term that is used to describe the spread of cancer to lymph nodes?

Back 625

metastasis

Front 626

The lymphatic system is what type of circulatory system?

Back 626

passive

Front 627

Of the five classes of antibodies, which makes up 80-85% of the total serum antibody?

Back 627

IgG

Front 628

Lymph nodules are NOT found in the loose connective tissues of which system?

Back 628

cardiac

Front 629

What are usually the first cells to enter infected tissues?

Back 629

neutrophils

Front 630

Bacteria are small, one-cell organisms that are capable of independent existence. They often are classified based on shape. Bacilli are what shape?

Back 630

rod-shaped

Front 631

What kind of boundary does diffuse lymphatic tissue share with surrounding tissues?

Back 631

no clear boundry

Front 632

T effector cells bind to the foreign cell and cause it to break apart, a process known as?

Back 632

lysis

Front 633

A nonspecific response is an immune response that is _____ each time the body is exposed to a particular challenge.

Back 633

predictable

Front 634

What is the MOST important component of the immune system?

Back 634

leukocytes

Front 635

A response to a given substance that is faster and stronger after subsequent exposures is called a ______ response.

Back 635

specific

Front 636

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that is spread through what kind of transmission?

Back 636

airborne

Front 637

Which of the following is NOT a possible infectious agent?

Back 637

histamine

Front 638

What type of cells carry out MOST cell-mediated immune functions, seeking and destroying foreign materials such as viruses?

Back 638

T effector cells

Front 639

Which of the following does NOT help continuously wash away foreign matter?

Back 639

synovial fluid

Front 640

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) adversely affects a protein on the T helper cells called the?

Back 640

CD4 antigen

Front 641

The thymus is a triangular gland located where?

Back 641

mediastinum

Front 642

Which tonsils are located at the back of the throat?

Back 642

palatine tonsils

Front 643

How many sets of lymphatic organs make up the tonsils?

Back 643

3

Front 644

Erythroblastosis fetalis is a condition in which a pregnant mother of on Rh blood type is exposed to fetal blood of a different Rh blood type late in pregnancy. What is the combination of Rh that causes erythroblastosis fetalis?

Back 644

mother Rh negative and fetus is Rh postivie

Front 645

The thoracic duct empties into the?

Back 645

superior vena cava

Front 646

Which type of specific immunity is achieved by actions of T lymphocytes (T cells)?

Back 646

cell-mediated immunity

Front 647

Responding to a call of possible allergic reaction in a restaurant, you find a 25-year-old woman who has ingested shellfish. You are informed by a companion that she has an allergy to shellfish and she has left her EpiPen at home. Your assessment shows progressive signs of shock, with hoarseness and progressive hives developing. What medication should be delivered for this medical emergency?

Back 647

adrenaline

Front 648

Lymphatic capillaries are present in which of the tissues?

Back 648

axilla

Front 649

The lay term for a lymph node is?

Back 649

gland

Front 650

Lymph vessels pass through at least how many lymph nodes before entering the bloodstream?

Back 650

1

Front 651

Eventually, the lymphatic vessels empty into the?

Back 651

right & left subclavian vein

Front 652

What causes malaria?

Back 652

protozoa

Front 653

Lymph is a thin plasma-like fluid formed, in part, from which of the following fluids?

Back 653

interstitial fluid

Front 654

What causes urinary tract infections?

Back 654

bacteria

Front 655

Lymphatic vessels carry fluid in what direction in relation to tissue?

Back 655

away

Front 656

How many types of hepatitis are common in the United States?

Back 656

4

Front 657

Of the following, which statement is the MOST correct description of how a patient with a depressed immune system can be affected by exposure to infectious disease?

Back 657

minimal exposure may cause severe infection

Front 658

Which of the following is NOT a type of leukocyte that may play a role following infection of various areas in the body?

Back 658

erythrocyte

Front 659

The spleen consists of two types of lymph tissue. The venous drainage of the spleen is what type of pulp?

Back 659

red