Eu Institutions

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European Commission

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Executive-bureaucratic arm of the EU, 27 Commissioners appointed by natl govts

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Functions of European Commission

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proposes policy, manages budget, represents EU in IOs, president appoints committies to commissioners

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Council of Ministers/ Council of the EU

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Most intergovernmental (natl interests) institution, composed of technical councils of the state's ministers of x,y,z

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Functions of Council of Ministers/ Council of the EU

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Makes decisions; co-legislates with Parliament,

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COREPER

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(“embassies to EU”)Permanent Representation of member states composed of 30-40 diplomats. Heads meet weekly; control agenda of council of ministers

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European Council

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Most symbolic of institutions. Composed of heads of govt of member stages

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Functions of the European Council

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Sets agenda and policy direction, makes declaration

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European Parliament

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Directly elected legislative body; organized by ideological lines not nationality; 8 major party divisions; maybe one of the most supranational institutions

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Functions of the EP

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Co-legislative authority with the Council of Ministers (budget, laws), gaining more power, democratic supervision (example: yellow/orange cards)

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European Court of Justice

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judicial; interpretes treaties and EU law; resolves disputes between EU institutions

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Rotating Presidency

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Leadership method of Council of Ministers; 6 month rotation; trio; plans meetings and is external voice

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Council-Commission Relationship

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Provides the fundamental dynamic of integration
At times strained
e.g. “empty chair crisis”
At times successful
e.g. development of Single Market

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Council – European Parliament Relationship

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Increased interaction due to codecision procedure
Establishment of new intra-institutional dynamic

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COREPER II

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Permanent Representatives (Ambassadors); Preparation of GAERC, and institutional and financial Councils

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Contraindictions to Heparin

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(1) Previous HIT;
(2) Active bleeding, GI bleeding, intracranial bleeding;
(3) Hemophilia, thrombophilia;
(4) Severe HTN;
(5) Recent surgery on eyes, spine, brain

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Common Assembly

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The historical equivalent of the EP in the 1950s ECSC

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History of the EP

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1950s: Common Assembly
1962: Renamed the EP
1979: Became elected body
1990s: becomes mainstream

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Veto powers of EP

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Can veto and dismiss Commission, Commission president, and College

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Sui Generis

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Neither State nor IO

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acquis communautaire

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The Community patrimony; the body of common rights and obligations that bind member states together. Includes content of Treaties, legislation, intl agreements and other measures.

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Empty Chair Crisis

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July 1965: France boycotted meetings of the Council in opposition to Commission proposals addressing the financing of the CAP. Resolved by the Luxembourg compromise.

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Luxembourg Compromise

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An intergovernmental agreement arrive at in January 1966 between member states (in response to Empty Chair Crisis). It states that when vital interests of one or more countries are at stake, members of the Council of Ministers will endeavor to reach solutions that can be adopted by all while respecting mutual interests. Bigger role made for states.

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Summitry

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-Heart of integovernmentalism
-New method for agenda-setting and decision making

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The Hague Summit (1969)

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-Proposed enlargement of EC
-Towards bigger role for Parliament
-Increase common policy
-Towards Economic and Monetary Union (EMU)

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1984 Fontainebleau European Council

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-Impetus from changing international climate
-Set goal of 1992 for establishing internal market
-Proposed revision of Treaty of Rome
-Steps towards European Union

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Convergence criteria

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For EMU;
1. Low inflation and interest rates
2. Budget deficit less than 3% of GDP
3. Public debt ratio not to exceed 60% of GDP

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Agenda 2000

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Influential action programme adopted by Commission in 1987, which set out the reforms needed for EU to enlarge

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Charles de Gaulle

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1959-1969. Responsible for keeping UK out of EEC in the 60s; for the empty chair policy

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Comitology

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Term refering to the network or procedures of committees designed to oversee the agreement of implementing measures taken by the EU's executive bodies.

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Constructivism

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A theoretical approach which claims that politics is affected as much by ideas as by power. It argues that the fundamental structures of political life are social rather than material.

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Federalism

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An ideological position which suggests that everyone can be satisfied by combining natl and regional interest in a complex web of checks and balances between a central governmental and a multiplicity of regional govts.

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Neo-functionalism

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a theory of Euro integration which views integration as an incremental process, involving the spillover of integration in one sector to others, ultimately leading to some kind of political community

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New institutionalism

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a conceptual approach to the study of politics which restates the importance of institutional factors in political life.

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Path-dependence

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the idea that decisions taken in the past limit the scope of decisions in the present

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Qualified Majority Voting (QMV)

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system of voting in EU Council, which attributes a number of votes to each member state. A majority of these votes (71 per cent) is needed for legislation to be agreed in the Council, implying that some states will be outvoted.