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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Three Major Fields of Ethics |
- Meta ethics: origins of our morality - Normative ethics: duty and consequences - Applied ethics: controversial issues |
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Abraham (Ibrahim) Quote |
"Go forth and I will make of you a great nation." |
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Moses Quote |
"Let my people go." |
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Stoicism |
Avoid pain and pleasure |
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Epicureanism |
Avoid pain |
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Cynicism |
Society itself is the distraction |
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Brahman Quote |
"Reality is one." |
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Hinduism |
- Begins approx. 3 700 years ago - Oral and written ideas known as "vedas" - Brahman: undefinable power in the universe |
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Components of China |
- Legalism: rules - Doaism (Toaism): nature based - Confucianism: relationship based |
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Confucianism |
- Developed by Kung Fu-Tze - Six relationships: father/son; husband/wife; elder brother/younger brother; prince/minister; friend/friend; teacher/student |
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Doaism/Toaism |
- Man's cooperation with the course or trend of the natural world - Patterns of water, gas, and fire - Acquiring wisdom by observing the flow of natural events |
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Immanuel Kant Quote |
"Act only in according to that maxim whereby you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law." |
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Immanuel Kant Book |
Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals |
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Categorical Imperative |
- Immanuel Kant - The standard of rationality from which all moral requirements are derived - Denotes an absolute, unconditional requirement that asserts its authoirty - Universality test |
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Universality Test |
If you applied the action to all people, what would be the result? |
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Utilitarianism |
- Jeremy Bentham - John Stuart Mill - The greatest good for the greatest number of people - Maximizes benefits and minimizes harms or costs - Greatest good means the greatest amount of happiness |
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Jeremy Bentham |
- Father of utilitarianism - Greatest Happiness Principle |
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Greatest Happiness Principle |
- Jeremy Bentham - Make a T-chart with "yes" and "no" and add up how many are in each - The side with the most reasons is the result |
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John Stuart Mills |
- Happiness Calculus - Quality of argument vs. quantity of argument |
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Friedrich Nietzsche Quotes |
- "Ethics based upon the deep, dark aspects of humanity." - "I want to philosophize with a hammer." - "God is dead." (Gott ist tot) |
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Friedrich Nietzsche |
- Anti-ethics - Herd mentality - Ethics gets in the way of our full potential - Ubermensch: over man (super man) - Human's natural state is one of profound illness |
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Nicollo Machiavelli Book |
The Prince (Il Principe) |
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Nicollo Machiavelli Quote |
"The end justifies the means." |
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Thomas Hobbes Book |
The Leviathan (1651) |
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Thomas Hobbes |
- Foundation for most of Western political philosophy from the perspective of social contract theory - Natural state is one of war - Government is necessary - Absolute sovereign - Caveat: allowed to overthrow leader if they're awful - Social contract theory - The power of the people |
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Plato's Book |
Crito |
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Eudaimonia and Arete |
- Plato - Eudaimonia: "well-being"; virtue we must all aim towards - Arete: required to achieve eudaimonia; "excellence" |
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Aristotle |
- The golden mean - Desirable middle between two extremes (excess and deficiency) - |
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Friedrich Nietzsche Book |
The Anti-Christ |
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Sir/Saint Thomas More |
- Coined the word "utopia" - Book: Utopia (1516) |
