Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
122 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Question
|
Answer
|
|
|
Nervous System
|
System responsible for coordinating all the many activities that are performed both inside and outside of the body.
|
|
|
Brain, spinal cord, nerves
|
What are the three parts of the nervous system
|
|
|
Central Nervous System
|
This system consists of the brain, spinal cord. It controls consiousness and all mental activities, voluntary funtions of the five senses, and voluntary muscle actions.
|
|
|
Peripheral Nervous System
|
system that connects the peripheral parts of the body to the central nervous system; controls sensory and motor nerves.
|
|
|
Somatic Nervous system
|
System that causes recation to external environment
|
|
|
Autonomic Nervous System
|
the part of the nervous system that controls the involuntary muscles; regulates the action of the smooth muscles, glands, blood vessels, and heart.
|
|
|
Sympathetic Division
|
division of nerve cells and fibers that prepare for stress by stimulating and speeding up activity
|
|
|
Parasympathetic Divistion
|
division of nerve cells and fibers that balance, restores, and calms
|
|
|
Brain
|
largest and most complex neve in the body; it controls sensation, muscles, glandular activity, and the power to think and feel. Weighs 44-48oz
|
|
|
Cerebrum
|
bulk, front upper part of brain, containing cerebral cortex, which sends messages regarding tought, hearing, sight
|
|
|
Cerebellum
|
base of brain, attached to stem. "Little brain". Controls movement, voluntary muscle action, maintains balance and equilibrium
|
|
|
Diencephalon
|
upper, midbrain.
|
|
|
Thalamus
|
upper diencephalon. Senses, recognizes pain and temperature
|
|
|
Hyperthalamus
|
lower diencephalon. Controls body temp and pituitary gland (growth)
|
|
|
Brain Stem
|
connects spinal cord to brain. Contains midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata. Regulates breathing, heartbeat, and blood pressure.
|
|
|
Spinal Cord
|
portion of the central nervous system that originates in the brain, extends down to the lower extremity of the trunk, and is protected by the spinal column.
|
|
|
Neuron or Nerve Cell
|
primary structual unit of the nervous system; consist of the cell body, nucleus, dendrites, and axons.
|
|
|
Dendrites
|
nerve fibers extending from the nerve cell that recieve impulses from other neurons.
|
|
|
Axons
|
send impulses away from the cell body to other neurons, glands, or muscles.
|
|
|
Nerves
|
whitish cords made up of bundles of nerve fibers held together by connective tissue, through which impulses are transmitted.
|
|
|
Sensory or Afferent Nerves
|
carry impulses or messeges from the sense organs to the brain, where sensations of touch, cold, heat, sight, hearing, taste, smell, pain, and pressure are experienced.
|
|
|
Motor or Efferent Nerves
|
carry impulses from the brain to the muscles.
|
|
|
Reflex
|
automatic nerve reaction to a stimulus that involves the movement of an impulse from a sensory receptor along the afferent nerve to the spinal cord, and a responsive impulse along an efferent neuron to a muscle, causing a reaction.
|
|
|
Fifth Cranial Nerve (trifacial or trigeminal nerve)
|
chief sensory nerve of the face, and serves as the motor nerve of the muscles that control chewing.
|
|
|
Ophthalmic Nerve
|
branch of the fifth cranial nerve that supplies the skin of the forehead, upper eyelids, and interior portion of the scalp, orbit, eyeball, and nasal passage.
|
|
|
Mandibular Nerve
|
branch of the fifth cranial nerve that supplies the muscles and skin of the lower part of the face; also, nerve that affects the muscles of the chin and lower lip.
|
|
|
Maxillary Nerve
|
Branch of the fifth cranial nerve that supplies the upper part of the face.
|
|
|
Auriculotemporal Nerve
|
affects the external ear and skin above the temple, up to the top of the skull.
|
|
|
Infraorbital Nerve
|
affects the skin of the lower eyelid, side of the nose, upper lip, and mouth.
|
|
|
Infratrochlear Nerve
|
affects the membrane and skin of the nose.
|
|
|
Mental Nerve
|
affects the skin of the lower lip and chin.
|
|
|
Nasal Nerve
|
affects the point and lower side of the nose.
|
|
|
Supraorbital Nerve
|
affects the skin of the forehead, scalp, eyebrow, and upper eyelid.
|
|
|
Supratrochlear Nerve
|
affects the skin between the eyes and upper side of the nose.
|
|
|
Zygomatic Nerve
|
affects the muscles of the upper part of the cheek.
|
|
|
Seventh Cranial Nerve
|
chief motor nerve of the face, emerging near the lower part of the ear and extends to the muscles of the neck.
|
|
|
Eleventh Cranial (accessory) Nerve
|
spinal branch, affects the muscles of the neck and back.
|
|
|
Buccal Nerve
|
affects the muscles of the mouth.
|
|
|
Cervical Nerves
|
affect the side of the neck and the platysma muscle.
|
|
|
Posterior Auricular Nerve
|
affects the muscles behind the ear at the base of the skull.
|
|
|
Temporal Nerve
|
affects the muscles of the temple, side of the forehead, eyebrow, eyelid, and upper part of the cheek.
|
|
|
Zygomatic Nerve
|
affects the muscles of the upper part of the cheek.
|
|
|
Cervical Nerves
|
originate at the spinal cord, and their branchs supply the muscles of the scalp at the bck of the head and neck.
|
|
|
Cervical Cutaneous Nerve
|
located at the side of the neck, affects the front and sides of the neck as far down as the breastbone.
|
|
|
Greater Auricular Nerve
|
located at the side of the neck, affects the face, ears, neck, and parotid gland.
|
|
|
Greater Occipital Nerve
|
located in the back of the head, affects the scalp as far up as the top of the head.
|
|
|
Smaller Occipital Nerve
|
located at the base of the skull, affects the scalp and muscles behind the ear.
|
|
|
Digital Nerve
|
sensory-motor nerve that, with its branches, supplies the fingers.
|
|
|
Radial Nerve
|
sensory-motor nerve that, with its branches, supplies the thumb side of the arm and back of the hand.
|
|
|
Median Nerve
|
smaller sensory-motor than the ulnar and radial nerves that, with its branches, supplies the arm and hand.
|
|
|
Ulnar Nerve
|
sensory-motor nerve that, with its branches, affects the little finger side of the arm and palm of the hand.
|
|
|
Circulatory System
|
controls the steady circulation of the blood through the body by means of the heart and blood vessels.
|
|
|
Blood Vascular System
|
consists of the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries for the distribution of blood throughout the body.
|
|
|
Lymphatic/Immune System
|
acts as an aid to the blood system and consists of the lymph.lymphatics, lymph nodes, and other structures.
|
|
|
Lymph
|
clear yellowish fluid that circulates in the lymphatics of the body; it carries waste and impurities away from the cells.
|
|
|
Heart
|
the body's pump; it is a muscular, cone-shaped organ that keeps the blood moving within the circulatory system.
|
|
|
Pericardium
|
double-layered membranous sac enclosing the heart.
|
|
|
Right & Left Atrium
|
upper, thin-walled chambers.
|
|
|
Right & Left Ventricles
|
lower, thick-walled chambers.
|
|
|
Valves
|
structure betwwn the chambers that allow the blood to flow in only one direction.
|
|
|
Pulmonary Circulation
|
sends the blood from the heart to the lungs to be purified.
|
|
|
Systemic Circulation
|
carries the blood from the heart throughout the body and back to the heart.
|
|
|
Arteries
|
thick-walled, muscular, flexible tubes that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the capillaries.
|
|
|
Capillaries
|
minute thin-walled blood vessels that connect the smaller arteries to the veins.
|
|
|
Veins
|
thin-walled blood vessels that are less elastic than arteries; they contain cup-like valves to prevent backflow and carry impure blood from the various capillaries back to the heart and lungs.
|
|
|
Blood
|
a nutritive fluid circulating through the circulatory system to supply oxygen and nutrients to cells and tissues, and to remove carbon dioxide and waste from them.
|
|
|
Red Blood Cells (red corpusles)
|
erythocytes; blood cells that carry oxygen from the lungs to the body cells and transport carbon dioxide from the cells back to the lungs.
|
|
|
Hemoglobin
|
a complex iron protein that gives the blood its bright red color.
|
|
|
White Blood Cells (white corpusles)
|
leukocytes; blood cells that perform the function of destroying disease-causing germs.
|
|
|
Platelets
|
thrombocytes; blood cells that contribute to the blood-clotting process.
|
|
|
Plasma
|
fluid part of the blood and lymph that carries food and secretions to the cells and carbon dioxide from the cells.
|
|
|
Lymph Nodes
|
glandlike bodies in the lymphatic vessels that filter lymph; this helps fight infection.
|
|
|
Common Carotid Arteries
|
arteries that are the main source of blood supply to the head, face, and neck; located on either side of the neck. *Heart to head
|
|
|
Internal Carotid Artery
|
supplies blood to the brain, eyes, eyelids, forehead, nose, and internal ear.
|
|
|
External Carotid Artery
|
supplies blood to the anterior parts of the scalp, ear, face, neck, and side of the head.
|
|
|
Facial Artery or External Maxillary Artery
|
supplies blood to the lower region of the face, mouth, and nose.
|
|
|
Submental Artery
|
supplies blood to the chin and lower lip.
|
|
|
Inferior Labial Artery
|
supplies blood to the lower lip.
|
|
|
Angular Artery
|
supplies blood to the side of the nose.
|
|
|
Superior Labial Artery
|
supplies blood to the upper lip and region of the nose.
|
|
|
Superficial Temporal Artery
|
continuation of the external carotid artery and supplies blood to the muscles of the front, side, and top of the head.
|
|
|
Frontal Artery
|
supplies blood to the forehead and upper eyelids.
|
|
|
Parietal Artery
|
supplies blood to the side and crown of the head.
|
|
|
Transverse Facial Artery
|
supplies blood to the skin and masseter.
|
|
|
Middle Temporal Artery
|
supplies blood to the temples.
|
|
|
Anterior Auricular Artery
|
supplies blood to the front part of the ear.
|
|
|
Occipital Artery
|
supplies blood to the skin and muscles of the scalp and back of the head up to the crown.
|
|
|
Posterior Auricular Artery
|
supplies the scalp, the area behind and above the ear, and the skin behind the ear.
|
|
|
Supraorbital Artery
|
supplies blood to the upper eyelid and forehead.
|
|
|
Infraorbital Artery
|
supplies blood to the muscles of the eye.
|
|
|
Internal Jugular Vein
|
vein located at the side of the neck to collect blood from the brain and parts of the face and neck. *Head to heart
|
|
|
External Jugular Vein
|
vein located on the side of the neck that carries blood returning to the heart from the head, face, and neck. *Head to heart
|
|
|
Ulnar Artery
|
with its branches, supply the little-finger side of the arm and palm of the hand.
|
|
|
Radial Artery
|
with its branches, supply the thumb side of the arm and the back of the hand.
|
|
|
Endocrine System
|
group of specialized glands that affect the growth, development, sexual activities, and health of the entire body.
|
|
|
Glands
|
specialized organs that remove certain elements from the blood to convert them into new compounds.
|
|
|
Exocrine Glands (duct glands)
|
produce substance that travels through small tube-like ducts; sweat and oil glands.
|
|
|
Endocrine Glands (ductless glands)
|
release hormonal secretions directly into the bloodstream.
|
|
|
Pineal Gland
|
gland that controls sexual development, sleep and metabolism
|
|
|
Pituitary Gland
|
gland that controls growth, blood pressure, contractions, breast milk, sex organs, thyroid, metabolism, osmolarity regulation
|
|
|
Thyroid Gland
|
gland that controls body burning energy to make proteins
|
|
|
Parathyroid gland
|
gland that regulates blood calcium and phosphorus levels, so that nervous and muscular can function properly
|
|
|
Pancreas
|
gland that handles, digestions, carbs, protein, fat
|
|
|
Adrenal gland
|
gland that controls steriod hormones, control metabolic process, fight or flight
|
|
|
Ovaries/Testes
|
glands that handle sexual reproduction
|
|
|
Hormones
|
stimulate funtional activity or secretion in other parts of the body; insulin, adrenaline, and estrogen.
|
|
|
Digestive system (gastrointestinal system)
|
changes food into nutrients and waste.
|
|
|
1. Ingestion 2. Peristalsis (moving along tract) 3. Digestion 4. Absorption 5. Defecation
|
Stages of digestion
|
|
|
Digestive Enzymes
|
chemicals that change certain kinds of food into a form that can be used by the body.
|
|
|
Excretory System
|
purifies the body by eliminating waste matter.
|
|
|
Kidneys
|
excrete urine.
|
|
|
Liver
|
discharges bile.
|
|
|
Skin
|
eliminates perspiration.
|
|
|
Large Intestine
|
eliminates decomposed and undigested food.
|
|
|
Lungs
|
exhale carbon dioxide.
|
|
|
Respiratory System
|
enables breathing and consists of the lungs and air passages.
|
|
|
Lungs
|
spongy tissues composed of microscopic cells in which inhaled air is exchanged for carbon dioxide during one breathing cycle.
|
|
|
Diaphragm
|
muscular wall that separates the thorax from the abdominal region and helps control breathing.
|
|
|
bone, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, fat, fascia are examples of what kind of tissue
|
Examples of Connective tissue
|
|
|
Integumentary System
|
made up of the skin and its accessory organs, such as the oil and sweat flands, sensory receptors, hair, and nails.
|
|
|
Reproductive System
|
body system responsible for reproducing and perpetuating the human race.
|
