Essentials Of Firefighting 6Th Edition Chapter 3

Front 1

Any location or facility at which 9-1-1 calls are answered either by direct calling, rerouting or diversion

Back 1

Public Safety Answering Point

Front 2

Separate telecommunications centers that the fire department, EMS, or law enforcement agency operates

Back 2

Emergency Service Specific Telecommunications Center

Front 3

They gather the necessary information and dispatch the appropriate emergency response

Back 3

Telecommunications Center

Front 4

TDD, TTY and Text phone is used by who?

Back 4

Hearing impaired individuals

Front 5

NFPA ______ Standard for the Installation, Maintenance and use of Emergency Services Communications System

Back 5

NFPA 1221

Front 6

What percentage of US has access to Enhanced 9-1-1?

Back 6

Over 96%

Front 7

Provides dispatch with instant information such as the caller's location and phone number, directions to the location, and other info about the address

Back 7

Computer Aided Dispatch (CAD)

Front 8

Enhanced 9-1-1 feature that displays the address of the party calling 9-1-1 on a screen for use by the public safety telecommunicator.

Back 8

Automatic Location Identification (ALI)

Front 9

System for determining position on the earth's surface by calculating the difference in time for the signal from a number of satellites to reach a receiver on the ground

Back 9

Global Positioning System (GPS)

Front 10

System that anyone can use to report an emergency

Back 10

Public Alert System

Front 11

This public alert system is activated by pressing a lever on the door of the box which then transmits a unique telegraph code that identifies location of the activated box. It was notorious for malicious false alarms

Back 11

Wired Telegraph Circuit Box

Front 12

This public alert system is also known as a Call Box and is equipped with a telephone for direct voice contact with the telecommunications center

Back 12

Telephone Fire Alarm Box

Front 13

This public alert system may be found along highways or streets

Back 13

Radio Fire Alarm Box

Front 14

This is the person who handles nonemergency or complaint calls

Back 14

Public Information Officer (PIO)

Front 15

How many members of the crew must remain in the watch room at all times?

Back 15

One

Front 16

What are the 3 types of alarm notifications?

Back 16

- Visual (Ex. Station Lights)

- Audible (Ex. Sirens, Whistles, Air Horns)

- Electronic (TV, Radio, Pagers, CellPhones)

Front 17

These are still used in the fire service to alert volunteer responders of an emergency

Back 17

Pagers

Front 18

Most commonly employed in small communities to alert the community of danger or emergency

Back 18

Sirens, Whistles or Air Horns

Front 19

Messages that are transmitted within the fire department and between the department and other agencies during emergencies

Back 19

Internal Communications

Front 20

How are most internal communications done?

Back 20

Through radio communications

Front 21

3 ways the radio systems in the fire service are classified?

Back 21

1) By their location and size

2) By the Type of signal used

3) By the transmission signal

Front 22

- Fixed, non-mobile radio at a central location

- Have stable, powerful transmitters and interference-resistant receivers that provide better performance than mobile and portable radios

Back 22

Base Station Radios

Front 23

Radio that is mounted in the fire apparatus, ambulances, and staff vehicles and are powered by the vehicles electrical system

Back 23

Mobile Radios

Front 24

Handheld devices designed to withstand heat, moisture and physical impact and are powered by rechargeable or replaceable battery packs

Back 24

Portable Radio

Front 25

Equipment designed and approved for use in flammable atmospheres that is incapable of releasing sufficient electrical energy to cause the ignition of a flammable atmospheric mixture

Back 25

Intrinsically Safe Equipment

Front 26

Portable radios used in hazardous atmosphere must be ________________ safe for that environment

Back 26

Intrinsically

Front 27

Radio signals travel between the transmitter and receiver in either _______________ or ____________ format

Back 27

Analog or Digital

Front 28

These vary the strength of the signal to reflect the speakers voice and are sometimes referred to as "Medium Wave Signals"

Back 28

AM Waves

Front 29

These allow for the signal to change based on microphone audio and the signal is filtered to remove any frequencies over the human voice without making changes to the signal

Back 29

FM Waves

Front 30

What type of waves do a better job at canceling naturally occurring noise?

Back 30

FM Waves

Front 31

Which radio system makes the most efficient use of an assigned frequency or band?

Back 31

Digital

Front 32

The straight line travel of radio signals between the antenna connected to the transmitter and the antenna connected to the receiver

Back 32

Direct Communication

Front 33

A two party operating system operating on ONE frequency because only one radio can transmit at a time?

Back 33

Simplex System

Front 34

This "mode" permits units at an incident to communicate directly on a portable radio

Back 34

"Talk Around Mode"

Front 35

What is used to overcome barriers to direct communication and to increase the range of the radio system?

Back 35

Repeaters

Front 36

What radio system uses a series of repeaters to communicate between radios set at different frequencies?

Back 36

Half Duplex Communication

Front 37

This system allows for radio communication in both directions simultaneously and a more rapid transmission of information because receivers can respond very quickly to messages

Back 37

Full Duplex System

Front 38

What is one problem that Full Duplex systems may run into?

Back 38

Communications may become garbled

Front 39

What channel is assigned to the Incident Commander when units arrive at the incident?

Back 39

Command Channel

Front 40

What channel is assigned to fireground operations personnel?

Back 40

Tactical Channel

Front 41

Who regulates Nonemergency channels?

Back 41

AHJ

Front 42

Radio systems may either be ____________ or _________________

Back 42

Conventional or Trunked

Front 43

This radio frequency is dedicated to a single function such as operations

Back 43

Conventional Radio System

Front 44

Can any other function or unit transmit on a conventional radio system even when no one is transmitting on it?

Back 44

No

Front 45

This system uses repeaters to determine which frequency to use to route calls through

Back 45

Trunked Radio System

Front 46

What does a Trunked Radio system rely on to route calls though out the system?

Back 46

Repeaters

Front 47

What type of radio system can handle high volumes of traffic on multiple channels even when large scale operations are under way?

Back 47

Trunked Radio Systems

Front 48

A term used to distinguish among physical frequencies or channels in conventional radio systems

Back 48

Talkgroup

Front 49

A feature of a trunked radio system that is used to transmit calls to two or more talkgroups

Back 49

Multigroup Call

Front 50

A feature of a trunked radio system that permits one radio to call another and establishes a private conversation between both parties

Back 50

Private Call

Front 51

A feature of a trunked radio system that has an emergency alert that, if activated, sends a signal to the agencies dispatch center

Back 51

Dynamic Regrouping

Front 52

Who regulates all radio communications in the United States and issues licenses to fire departments that operate radio equipment?

Back 52

Federal Communications Commission (FCC)

Front 53

Does the FCC regulate radio communications in Canada?

Back 53

No, it is regulated by the Canadian Radio-Television and Telecommunications Commission

Front 54

What system eliminated the use of "Ten Codes" and other local terminology used for radio transmission during emergency responses?

Back 54

National Incident Management System (NIMS)

Front 55

What is the term for codes used to substitute a number for a specific activity or condition?

Back 55

Ten Codes

Front 56

The use of plain language in radio communications transmissions

Back 56

Clear Text

Front 57

Does Canada have a national requirement for clear text transmissions?

Back 57

NO

Front 58

What are the 4 main barriers to all radio transmissions

Back 58

1) Distance

2) Physical Barriers

3) Interference

4) Ambient Noise

Front 59

What are indicators that the receiver is near the limit of transmission range?

Back 59

Static or messages that are broken up

Front 60

Any physical barrier between ________ and _______ can block the signal

Back 60

Transmitter and Receiver

Front 61

What are 3 possible ways to overcome physical barriers during radio communications?

Back 61

1) Turn your body 90 degrees

2) Lift the portable radio higher

3) Raise the antenna up straight

Front 62

What is a the term for loss of service when traveling in remote areas or inside structures?

Back 62

"Deadzones"

Front 63

What kind of noise can the emergency scene be filled with?

Back 63

Ambient Noise

Front 64

Who's responsibility is it to overcome ambient noise at the scene?

Back 64

Each person operating a mobile or portable radio

Front 65

Sounds created by sirens, engines, strategic commands, and interpersonal communication between responders and bystanders generates layers of _____________ noise that make radio communications difficult?

Back 65

Ambient

Front 66

What is something that you can use to create a wind barrier when transmitting messages over a radio?

Back 66

Your body or PPE

Front 67

True or False?

All recorded transmissions become part of the official record on the incident

Back 67

True

Front 68

True or False?

Radio Transmissions may NOT be used in court or by the news media

Back 68

False

They may ALL be used in court or by the news media

Front 69

In the Communications Model, who is the person who initiates the message using both verbal and nonverbal communication?

Back 69

Sender

Front 70

What is the term for content that the sender is trying to communicate?

Back 70

Message

Front 71

The term for the individual whom the sender is trying to communicate with?

Back 71

Receiver

Front 72

The term for the reaction of the receiver to the message and its tone?

Back 72

Feedback to the sender

Front 73

Anything that may prevent the receiver from understanding the message?

Back 73

Interference

Front 74

True or False?

Units or Individuals must identify themselves in every transmission?

Back 74

True

Front 75

True or False?

The receiver does NOT have to acknowledge every message by repeating the essence of the message to the sender?

Back 75

False

The receiver MUST acknowledge every message by repeating the essence of the message to the sender

Front 76

What are two reasons why the receiver must acknowledge every message?

Back 76

1) To ensure the message was received

2) To confirm the message was understood properly

Front 77

What is the approximate wait time from the time the sender keys his microphone to the time he actually begins his message?

Back 77

One to two seconds

Front 78

What are the ABC's of good communications?

Back 78

Be Accurate

Be Brief

BE Concise

Front 79

True or False?

When transmitting over the radio, the sender should remain in a monotone voice

Back 79

False

Use a moderate amount of expression in speech. Not monotone and not overemphasized

Front 80

True or False?

Slang or Regional Expressions are permissible when transmitting over the radio

Back 80

False

Slang and Regional Expressions should be avoided, instead strive for good voice quality

Front 81

True or False?

It is NOT permissible to chew gum or eat while transmitting a message

Back 81

True

Front 82

True or False?

Routine transmissions have priority over Emergency Transmissions

Back 82

False

Emergency Transmissions ALWAYS have priority over Routine Transmissions

Front 83

What is the recommended distance to hold the radio away from your mouth or SCBA when transmitting?

Back 83

1 to 2 inches

Front 84

When speaking into the microphone, do you want to speak directly into it or across from it?

Back 84

Directly into it

Front 85

Where should the microphone be placed if you cannot be understood though your SCBA face piece?

Back 85

Against your throat

Front 86

Is it acceptable to remove the SCBA face piece to be able to clearly speak into the mic?

Back 86

DO NOT REMOVE YOUR FACEPIECE TO TALK INTO THE MIC

Front 87

Should the microphone or radio be located as far away or as close as possible to your personal alert safety system (PASS) device, low pressure alarm, or other noise generating equipment?

Back 87

As FAR as possible

Front 88

What way should the antenna be placed for best transmission results?

Back 88

Vertically

Front 89

The first person on scene of an emergency will provide __________ radio report

Back 89

Initial Radio Report

Front 90

CAN is an acronym for an initial radio report. What does CAN mean?

Back 90

Conditions, Actions Needs

Front 91

This report establishes the initial arrival time, informs responding units of current conditions, describes actions being taken and actions that must be taken by other units?

Back 91

Initial Report

Front 92

Regardless of the situation, who's responsibility is it to report the information of the scene?

Back 92

The First Responding Firefighter

Front 93

Which does not belong?

In the case of a possible structure fire or collapse, a description of the structure includes:

A) Number of Floors

B) Type Of Construction

C) Type of Occupancy

D) Size of Collapse Zone

Back 93

D

Size of Collapse Zone is not necessary

Front 94

In the Establishment of Command report, which is NOT necessary to report?

A) Specify who is the Incident Commander

B) State the name of the incident

C) State the time of arrival

D) State location of the command post

E) State location of staging area

Back 94

C

It is not necessary to state the time of arrival of the Incident Commander

Front 95

Who is in in charge of transmitting progress or status reports once emergency operations have begun?

Back 95

Incident Commander

Front 96

Who does the Incident Commander provide the progress/status report to?

Back 96

Telecommunications center

Front 97

This report has two major functions. It is used to assist in air management and remind units to read their air capacity gauges as well as assist the IC and command staff to gauge the effectiveness of there strategies and tactics being used to control the situation

Back 97

Tactical Progress Reports

Front 98

Tactical Reports provide an opportunity to check individual _____________

Back 98

Air Supplies

Front 99

Should a firefighter report his air consumption in his progress report?

Back 99

Yes, it is good practice to provide that information

Front 100

You and your crew should be outside the structure before anyone's low _____________ activates

Back 100

Air Alarm

Front 101

What is the acronym for the information that can be contained in tactical reports and what does each letter signify?

Back 101

CARA

C - Conditions

A - Actions

R - Resources

A - Air

Front 102

What is an alternate version for the acronym CARA?

Back 102

CAN

C - Conditions

A - Actions

N- Needs

Front 103

Predetermined number and type of fire units assigned to respond to an emergency

Back 103

Alarm Assignment

Front 104

To reduce the workload on the telecommunications center, a radio equipped ______________________ vehicle can be used at large incidents

Back 104

Mobile Communications

Front 105

Urgent broadcasts that warn personnel at the emergency scene of an impending hazard

Back 105

Emergency Radio Traffic

Front 106

_____________ signals are used when the IC decides interior operations must cease and all firefighter must withdraw from the building or hazardous area because conditions have deteriorated beyond reasonable safety

Back 106

Evacuation Signals

Front 107

What are the two most common ways evacuation signals are relayed to other firefighters?

Back 107

1) Broadcast Radio Message

2) Audible warning device on the apparatus

Front 108

Universal signal for a firefighter in distress

Back 108

MAYDAY

Front 109

When MAYDAY is broadcast, who is dispatched to assist the distressed firefighters?

Back 109

RIC/RIT team

Rapid Intervention Crew

Front 110

A systematic method of confirming the status of units operating at an incident

Back 110

Personnel Accountability Report (PAR)

Front 111

When can an IC request a PAR?

Back 111

At any time

Front 112

Are Post Incident Reports available to the public?

Back 112

Yes

Front 113

Can a firefighter suffer legal consequences for an inaccurate or incomplete legal report?

Back 113

Yes

Front 114

This system was developed to create data for analysis and assist in combatting the nation's fire problem

Back 114

National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS)

Front 115

Who developed NFIRS

Back 115

United States Fire Administration (USFA)

Front 116

True or False?

All individual fire departments participate in the NFIRS?

Back 116

False

All 50 States participate in NFIRS but not all individual fire departments do