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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Erythrocytes
Define the terms: erythron, reticulocyte, anemia. |
Erythron - Stem cell differentiating into a mature RBC.
Reticulocyte - RBC after it expels its nucleus. Anemia - Either low Hb or low RBC's |
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Erythrocyte
Name the hormone that triggers differentiation of stem cells into red cells. Where is it synthesized? What stimulus provokes its release? |
Erythropoietin in Kidney Juxtaglomerular cells in response to hypoxia
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Erythrocyte
What are the ABH antigens? What are the products of the ABH genes? |
A - GLYCOPHORIN -N-acetylgalactosamine-galactose-fucose and N-acetylgalactosamine on glactose.
B - GLYCOPHORIN-N-acetylgalactosamine-galactose-fucose and galactose on galactose H - GLYCOPHORIN -N-acetylgalactosamine-galactose-fucose |
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Erythrocyte
What's so special about the red cell's shape? |
?
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Erythrocyte
By what organs are red cells normally removed from the circulation, and at what red cell age? |
Most common - Spleen
Less common - Liver, Marrow 120 days old |
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Erythrocyte
Name 3 major metabolic capabilities that red cells LACK. |
No pathways involving mitochondria or nuclei
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Erythrocytes
How is G-6-P dh deficiency usually first observed in a patient? |
When a patient is given antimalarials and then develops hemolytic anemia
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Erythrocytes
How does 2,3-BPG affect hemoglobin function? |
Binds deoxy Hb lowering its affinity for oxygen
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Erythrocytes
Describe how membrane band 3 acts as an oxygen sensor to vary the activities of glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway. |
High oxygen - Band 3 binds glycolytic enzymes inhibiting their function. This results in glucose entering the PPP and generation of reducing agents.
Low oxygen - Band 3 binds deoxy Hb releasing the glycolytic enzymes resulting in glycolysis and the generation of ATP |
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Erythrocytes
Name as many causes of anemia as you can. |
Megaloblastic/Macrocytic - Build up of large normoblasts in the marrow as a result of DNA inhibition caused from Folate, Dietary protein deficiency.
Microcytic - Deficient Hb synthesis, Thalassemia Normocytic - Fe, Erythropoietin (Renal failure), Aplastic (Stem cell dysfunction) Deficiencies Hemolytic - premature RBC destruction (Malaria, sickle cell, Spherocytosis |
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Erythrocytes
What is the source of the CO2 produced by red cells? |
pentose phospate pathway produces ribose 5 phospate which gets decarboxylated producing C02
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