Environmental Health Acpm Review

Front 1

PCBS

Back 1

banned but still present, accumulate inliver, associated with birth defects, livercancer

Front 2

National Environmental Policy act of 1970

Back 2

Requires Environmental impact statements(EIS)

Front 3

FIFRA: Federal Insecticide, Fungicide andRodenticide Act, 1972

Back 3

Provides EPA with authority over sale and use ofpesticides including registration and labeling• Producers of pesticides must register with EPA• EPA establishes “tolerances” for agricultural use ofpesticides

Front 4

Toxic Substances Control Act 1976(responsible agency EPA)

Back 4

Regulates chemicals currently in existencethat may be imminently hazardous• Prevents new chemicals that present "anunreasonable risk of injury to health or theenvironment" from entering the market• Requires manufacturers to report content,use, health and environmental effects ofchemicals

Front 5

These are exempt from the Substance control Act?

Back 5

Food, food additives,drugs, cosmetics, anddevices

Front 6

criteria pollutants regulatedby the Clean Air Act include?

Back 6

CO, Lead, NO2, Ozone,SO2, Particulate Matter (PM10, PM2.5)

Front 7

Most common type of air pollution disaster?

Back 7

Inversion

Front 8

What are the green house gases?

Back 8

Carbon dioxide-CO2• Methane- CH4• Nitrous oxide -N2O• Fluorinated gases-hydrofluorocarbons,perfluorocarbons

Front 9

some health effects of climate change?

Back 9

Incr vector-borne infectious diseases, particulate matter and, in ‘ground-level ozone’ increasein asthma and chronic lung diseases

Front 10

True or false. Clean Water Act of 1972 (EPA) applies to drinking water

Back 10

false

For recreational waters only

Front 11

What is the optimal concentration in floride in the public hwater

Back 11

0.7 L

Front 12

Top five deadliest foodborne illnesses

Back 12

salmonella(nontyphoidal), toxoplasma gondii,listeria monocytogenes, norovirus,campylobacter spp.

Front 13

USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service regulates which acts?

Back 13

• Federal Meat Inspection Act• Poultry Products Inspection Act• Egg Products Inspection Act

Front 14

Miller Amendment 1954 concerns?

Back 14

pesticides

Front 15

Food Quality Protection Act (formerly Delaye Clause)

Back 15

regulation of pesticides to standard of “no harm”to levels all pesticides used on foods, updatedregulation of carcinogens

Front 16

High-temperature-short-time (HTST) pasteruization?

Back 16

-Minimum temp- 72 C(162 F)for 15 seconds-performed with a continuous flow heat exchange

Front 17

•Ultrapasteurization/ultra high temperature processing (UHT)

Back 17

-137.8 degrees C (280 degrees F) for at least 2 seconds-UHT milk is packaged aseptically,has long shelf-life, no need to refrigerate before opening

Front 18

NEPA of 1970

Back 18

•Environmental impact statements•Requires review of short and long-termbenefits•Requires list of resources that would bedepleted

Front 19

Marine Protection,Research and SanctuariesAct (EPA,1972)

Back 19

Prevents ocean dumping if adverse effects(human or marine)

Front 20

Resource Conservation and Recovery Act-RCRA• (EPA,1976)

Back 20

- controls hazardous waste- includes mixtures containing hazwaste,byproducts of hazwaste treatment- “Cradle to Grave” coverage from point ofgeneration to disposal- Includes requirements for transportation andtemporary storage of hazardous waste- Requires monitoring for 30 years after life oftemporary storage facility

Front 21

Resource Conservation and Recovery Act-RCRA• (EPA,1976)

Back 21

controls hazardous waste- includes mixtures containing hazwaste,byproducts of hazwaste treatment- “Cradle to Grave” coverage from point ofgeneration to disposal- Includes requirements for transportation andtemporary storage of hazardous waste- Requires monitoring for 30 years after life oftemporary storage facility

Front 22

Comprehensive Environmental Response,Compensation, and Liabilities Act (CERCLA)EPA, 1980

Back 22

“Superfund”Act -For management of uncontrolled disposal of hazardous waste -Superfund ensures funds for cleanup (via taxes)

Front 23

Superfund Amendments andReauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA)

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Emergency Planning and CommunityRight-to Know Act • provides for EMS notification ofstorage sites for industrial areas

extends CERCLA scope toprovide cleanup of uncontrolled orabandoned hazwaste sites

Front 24

principal mechanism EPA uses to place uncontrolled waste sites on the National Priorities List (NPL

Back 24

Hazard Ranking System (do NOT = priority for funding)

Front 25

What factors are included in the Hazard Ranking System

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likelihood that a site has released or has the potential to release hazardous substances into the environment;characteristics of the waste (e.g. toxicity and waste quantity); andpeople or sensitive environments (targets) affected by the release.

Front 26

Which act established the National Priority List -list based on HRS

Back 26

CERCLA

Front 27

True or false? The safe drinking water act covers well water.

Back 27

False

Front 28

True or false? Alpha participles are absorbed by the skin?

Back 28

False

Front 29

True or false? Alpha participles can be inhaled, and thus are dangerous

Back 29

true

Front 30

True or false? Beta participles are absorbed by the skin?

Back 30

True

Front 31

Amount of radiation present at one time inone sample of matter:

Back 31

Becquerel (Bq) orCurie (Ci)

Front 32

Dose of radiation absorbed in tissue:

Back 32

Gray(Gy) or rad (1 Gy=100 rad)

Front 33

Established the National response system

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CERCLA

Front 34

what are the health effects and cause of death for radition exposures between 0.7 and 10Gy

Back 34

Hematopoietic syndrome

Infection

Front 35

what are the health effects and cause of death for radition exposures dose greater than approximately 10 Gy

Back 35

Gasterointestinal system, death usually occurs in two weeks from electrolyte/dehydrate/malaborption

Front 36

what are the health effects and cause of death for radition exposuresdose > 50 Gy

Back 36

Cardiovascular (CV)/ Central Nervous System (CNS)syndrome

Death occurs within 3 days due to collapse of the circulatorysystem and increased ICP

Front 37

Energy Reorganization Act of 1974

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gives DOE responsibility for nuclearweapons, nuclear power-establishes the Nuclear RegulatoryCommission (NRC) as regulatory agency(except defense nuclear facilities)

Front 38

What are the ALARA--’as low as reasonably achievable’

Back 38

Less than 2 mrem in any one hour from externalradiation sources in any unrestricted area.• Less than 100 mrem in a calendar year from bothexternal and internal sources of radiation

Front 39

True or false? Radon 222 admits beta particles

Back 39

False. It emits beta particles.

Front 40

EPA's recommended action guideline level for radon 222

Back 40

4picocuries per liter of air (pCi/L)-yearly average.

Front 41

heat stressindex incorporating effects of humidity, wind,radiation and air temperature

Back 41

WBGT-wet bulb globe temp

Front 42

Core body temperate for heat stroke

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105 degrees

Front 43

core body temp for heat exhaution

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102 degrees

Front 44

core body temp for hypotherma

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<95

Front 45

At risk groups for heat illess

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Elderly

Homeless

Infants

Low SES

Front 46

What are the four criterion listed by the National Ambient Air Quality Standard?

Back 46

*Particulate Matter (coarse particles [soil based materials], fine particles [from combustion]

* Sulfur dioxide (from coal burning, acid rain, worsens asthma)

*Nitrogen Oxides (biproduct of burning petroleum products and indoor stoves, cause upper and low airway irritation

*Carbon Monoxide (produced from various fuels; autos produce the most CO; can use carboxyhemoglobin as a marker of exposure dose)

*Lead (regulated at <10 mcg/dl

Front 47

Zero levels in water are set for which microorganisms?

Back 47

Crytosporidium, Giardia, Legionell, coliform bacteria, and enteric virus

Front 48

Most common water toxicant?

Back 48

Arsenic

Front 49

Facts about Campylobacter

Back 49

* Most common cause of diarrhea in industrialized nations

* Often precedes Guillin-Barre syndrome

* Abdominal pain and cramping may mimic appendicitis

Front 50

Who should receive antibiotics when infected with Salmonella?

Back 50

Carriers who have a positive culture one month after acute illness AND reason for eradication, e.g., day care workers, food handlers. family members with immunodeficiency.

Front 51

Heat stroke

Back 51

* core body temp 41 deg (105.8)

*LOC, confused, lacking sweat, dry skin

* Provide fluids, wet skin

Front 52

Heat exhaustion

Back 52

Presents w/ headache, nausea, vertigo, weakness, thirst, and giddiness

*remove from heat, rest, fluids

Front 53

Heat cramps

Back 53

Due to electrolyte imbalance in manual labors

Front 54

Heat fatigue

Back 54

Impaired performance of skilled sensorimotor, mental, or vilance jobs, usuallyu caused by lake of acclimatization

*Remove from heat and acclimate.

Front 55

Stages of hypothermia

Back 55

http://donsnotes.com/emergency/hypothermia.html

* Core body temp should not be allowed to drop lower than 35 deg C.

Front 56

Determinist effect

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Threshold or non-stochastic effects, e.g, cataract formation

Front 57

Stochastic effect

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All-or none response (probability of effect increases with radiation dose while the severity is independent of dose)

Front 58

Threshold limit for non-ionizing radiation

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Maximum unprotected workplace field strength or radiation field under which al workers can be repeatedly exposed without adverse health effects

Front 59

Point source pollution

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A single identifiable sources of air, water, thermal, noise, or light pollution.

Front 60

Non-Point source pollution

Back 60

*comes from many sources sources

*caused by rain fall or snow melt moving over and through the ground.

* Run-off deposits in lakes, wetlands, and underground sources of drinking water.

Front 61

Which criteria pollutant is also a significigant source of indoor pollution?

Back 61

Nitrogen dioxide.

*Sources: kerson stoves, gas furnances, gas cooking stoves

Front 62

What is the least reliable tool to assess carbon monoxide poisoning?

Back 62

Oxygen staturation:

(carboxyhemoglobin levels > 10% suggest carbomonoxide exposure)

Front 63

22. A researcher administers 100 mg of a drug to a group of mice. Half of the mice are found dead 3 days later. The researcher concludes that the:

A)

LOEL for this drug is 50 mg.

B)

LD50 for this drug is 50 mg.

Correct answerC)

LD50 for this drug is 100 mg.

D)

NOAEL for this drug is 100 mg.

Back 63

Answer: C. The LD50 (lethal dose 50%) is defined as the dose causing death in 50% of test animals which occurred in this case with a dose of 100 mg. LOEL stands for “lowest observable effect level,” indicating the lowest dose at which a specified effect is first observed. NOAEL stands for “no observable adverse effect level,” indicating the highest dose at which no adverse effects are observed.

Front 64

A group of workers are exposed to a radiation dose of 5 Sieverts (500 REM). The most likely health effects within the next 24 hours would be:

A)

Coma and death

B)

Hemorrhage

Missed correct answerC)

Nausea and vomiting

Incorrect answerD)

Cough and fever

Back 64

Answer: C. A total body exposure to 5 Sieverts (Sv) would result in hematopoetic syndrome in those exposed; however, in the first 24 hours health effects would consist of nausea and vomiting. Bone marrow damage would follow from 1-6 weeks later, followed by a period of recovery.

Front 65

What percent of disease has arise from human modification of the ecosystem?

Back 65

24% and 1/3 in children