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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ancient Greeks |
Delayed age of marriage of men to 30 |
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Xenophon |
Recommended that men should not marry earlier than the age of 30, when sexual desires was less strong, in order to avoid too many children |
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Thomas Robert Malthus |
Created Malthusian Theory of Population |
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Malthusian Theory of Population |
- Essay on principle of human population - Human populations grow exponentially while food production grows @ an arithmetic rate |
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Moral Restraint, Celibacy |
Controls to population suggested by Thomas Malthus |
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Natural Selection |
Foundation in Charles Darwin's Theory of Evolution by ____ |
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Garett Hardin |
Tragedy of the Commons |
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Tragedy of Commons |
- living on a lifeboat (article) - freedom to breed is intolerable - indiv users acting independently accdng to self interest behave contrary to common good of all users - increase privatization of property and resources to limit access to free riders |
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China's One Child Policy |
- 1979 - Parents who adhere were rewarded with benefits and subsidies - Gov't employees have 20% cut in basic salary for 2nd child |
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Intrauterine Device |
IUD |
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Julian Simon |
Ultimate resource is population |
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Cornucopian |
- Promote view that the more the better - rejects idea that earth has finite sources and carrying capacity - combines Adam Smith's invisible hand market
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Adam Smith's Invisible Hand |
Self-regulation with belief that technology can overcome all human problems |
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Population |
Totality of organisms of the same species observed in a specific geographical region at a particular time |
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Gene flow |
Refers to the movement of genetic material within a defined group |
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Size |
Number of individuals in a population |
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Population Density |
Number of individuals per unit area |
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Minimal Viable Population |
Smallest number of individuals which can exist without extinction due to random catastrophic variations in the environment, reproduction, and genetic diversity |
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- Uniform dispersion - Random dispersion - Clumped dispersion |
Patterns of population distribution |
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Uniform Dispersion |
More or less equally spaced apart |
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Random Dispersion |
No predictable pattern |
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Clumped dispersion |
Clustered in groups |
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Age-sex Structure |
The composition of a population as determined by the number of proportion of males and females in each age category |
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Birth rate |
Number of births per individual within the population per unit time |
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Death rate |
Number of deaths per individual within the population per unit time |
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Life expectancy |
Average survival time for an individual |
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Exponential Growth (J-curve) |
Increasing very slow at first, but later growing at accelerating rates which show no sign of nearing carrying capacity |
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Logistic Growth (S-curve) |
Population expansion decreases as it reaches carrying capacity |
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Lag Phase |
- Low population density - Adjusting to new environment - Not reached sexual maturity |
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Exponential Phase |
- Have adjusted - Reproduction commences - Increase in individuals |
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Stationary / Plateau Phase |
- Competition for resources - Birth rate = death rate - Fluctuating due to resource availability |
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Carrying Capacity |
Maximum number of individuals that can be supported by a particular ecosystem |
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Demographic transition model |
1) Pre-transition 2) Early transition 3) Late transition 4) Post-transition |
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Expansive (Concave) |
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Stationary |
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Constrictive |
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Patterns through time |
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Growth rate of population |
- change in population size per member of the population per unit of time - rate=birth rate - death rate |
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Doubling Time |
- length of time it will take for a population to double in size 70/r |
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Limiting Factor |
- Factors that prevent the further increase of the population - abiotic and biotic |
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R-strategist |
- small size - many offspring produced - early maturity - short life expectancy - each individual reproduces more - type 3 survivorship pattern |
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K-strategist |
- large size - few offspring - late maturity, after prolonged period of parental care - long life expectancy - type 1 or 2 pattern |
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Carrying Capacity |
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Urbanization |
- movement of people from the countryside to towns and cities - sinks for resources |
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Location of cities |
Climate, topography, and waterways help determine urban growth |
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Urban sprawl |
Expansion of human populations away from urban centers into a low-density, and usually car-dependent communities |
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- Sustainability - Ecological footprint analysis - Smart cities |
Solutions: populations and sustainable growth |
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Ecological Footprint |
- preliminary tool to asses sustainability - amount of land area you will need to sustain your current lifestyle |
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Smart city |
- efficient in public transportation - intelligent use of land - quality of life - innovate governance |
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- make a bigger pie - put fewer forks on table - teach better manners |
Contribute to ultimate solutions |
