Ent 1

Front 1

what is the fx of the external ear

Back 1

collects/concentrates sound energy

Front 2

what pt of the ear collects/concentrates sound energy

Back 2

external ear

Front 3

what is fx of the ear canal

Back 3

carries soune to the ear drum

Front 4

what pt of the ear carries soune to the ear drum

Back 4

ear canal

Front 5

what is the ear drum

Back 5

membrane separating canal from the middle ear

Front 6

what is the fx of the eardrum

Back 6

vibrates in response to changes in sound energy, setting into motion 3 tiny bones

Front 7

what pt of the ear vibrates in response to changes in sound energy, setting into motion 3 tiny bones

Back 7

eardrum

Front 8

what is the fx of the tiny bones of the middle ear

Back 8

vibrate against fluid filled cochlea, transmitting sound energy into the fluid

Front 9

what is located inside the cochlea

Back 9

special nerve cells that pick up sound waves in the fluid and generate nerve impulses

Front 10

what pt of the ear vibrates against fluid filled cochlea, transmitting sound energy into the fluid

Back 10

tiny bones of the middle ear

Front 11

where are the special nerve cells that pick up sound waves in the fluid and generate nerve impulses located

Back 11

cochlea

Front 12

what is the fx of the auditory nerve

Back 12

carries nerve impulses from the cochlea to the brain where they are received and heard as sound

Front 13

what pt of the ear carries nerve impulses from the cochlea to the brain where they are received and heard as sound

Back 13

auditory nerve

Front 14

what is conductive hearing loss

Back 14

when sound is not conducted efficiently through the ear canal, eardrum, or middle ear

Front 15

what are the common causes of CHL

Back 15

Infectious: otitis media
Traumatic/tympanic membrane rupture
Cerumen impaction Foreign body in external canal
Otosclerosis
Ossicular discontinuity
Mass lesions of the middle ear

Front 16

what is it called when sound is not conducted efficiently through the ear canal, eardrum, or middle ear

Back 16

conductive hearing loss

Front 17

what is otosclerosis

Back 17

hardening of the bones of the middle ear, especially the formation of a bony plaque that forms on the third ossicle

Front 18

what is the primary symptom of otosclerosis

Back 18

slowly progressive hearing loss

Front 19

A low tone progressive CHL is usually what

Back 19

otosclerosis

Front 20

what is the correct term for the hardening of the bones of the middle ear, especially the formation of a bony plaque that forms on the third ossicle

Back 20

otosclerosis

Front 21

what % of patients with otosclerosis will also develop tinnitus

Back 21

75%

Front 22

75% of patients with otosclerosis will also develop

Back 22

tinnitus

Front 23

what % of the entire population of individuals w/ CHL has otosclerosis

Back 23

10%

Front 24

what % of individuals otosclerosis have hearing loss

Back 24

10%

Front 25

what is the age range of individuals w/ CHL

Back 25

Beginning between the age of 15 - 45; starts around 20 typically

Front 26

what is the ratio men to women of individuals w/ CHL

Back 26

Women>men 2:1

Front 27

how does CHL respond during pregnancy

Back 27

often worsens rapidly

Front 28

what is the % of genetic disposition of CHL

Back 28

50%

Front 29

what is Tx of CHL

Back 29

surgical- stapedectomy

Front 30

what is sensorineural hearing loss

Back 30

when there is damage to the inner ear (cochlea) or auditory nerve (8th cranial nerve)

Front 31

what is the # of the auditory nerve

Back 31

8th cranial nerve

Front 32

what type of hearing loss is typically a permanent type of hearing loss that can be helped with hearing aids

Back 32

SHL

Front 33

what are the common causes of SHL

Back 33

Presbycusis, Trauma: head or ear trauma
Noise (acoustic trauma): exposure to loud, sudden or constant noise
Unilateral sensorineural hearing loss has also been noted after open-heart surgery
Infectious: viral labyrinthitis; syphilis, measles, mumps congenital - rubella, cytomegalovirus, toxoplasmosis

Front 34

what is Presbycusis

Back 34

hearing loss associated with aging

Front 35

how do you differentiate b/w SHL and CHL

Back 35

Sensory loss results from end-organ lesions that usually are not life threatening.Neural loss is not uncommonly due to cerebellopontine angle tumors

Front 36

what is the "snail"

Back 36

cochlea

Front 37

what is the cochlea responsible for

Back 37

converting sounds which enter the ear canal, from mechanical vibrations into electrical signals

Front 38

what is transduction

Back 38

process of converting sounds which enter the ear canal, from mechanical vibrations into electrical signals

Front 39

what is the process of converting sounds which enter the ear canal, from mechanical vibrations into electrical signals called

Back 39

transduction

Front 40

what code the sound's characteristics, are carried to the brain by the auditory nerve

Back 40

electrical impulses

Front 41

where is the organ of corti located

Back 41

in the cochlea

Front 42

what is presbycusis

Back 42

progressive, bilaterally symmetric perceptive hearing loss occurring with age

Front 43

what is the Tx plan for presbycusis

Back 43

no specific treatment available that will prevent age related hearing loss at present

Front 44

true or false: To a large degree hearing loss with age is genetically primed - the hearing your parents had as they aged is often passed on to you

Back 44

true

Front 45

how many ppl have presbycusis

Back 45

1/3 people older than 60 and 1/2 older than 85 have hearing loss

Front 46

what is one of the most common conditions affecting adults

Back 46

hearing loss

Front 47

drug induced sensorineural hearing loss is caused by what type of meds

Back 47

ototoxic: Aminoglycosides, antineoplastic agents, antimalarial drugs

Front 48

how are toxic substances typically delivered

Back 48

systemically either via the blood stream or topically through perforations/ventilation tubes in the ear drum

Front 49

approximately how many children have severe-to-profound hearing loss

Back 49

1/1000

Front 50

which children should you refer when reviewing hearing loss

Back 50

who have hearing loss causing speech delay, communication deficit, academic performance problems, or learning disability

Front 51

what causes mixed hearing loss

Back 51

Cholesteatoma/chronic infection, trauma- skull/temporal bone fracture

Front 52

what is a Cholesteatoma

Back 52

Skin growth that occurs in an abnormal location, the middle ear behind the eardrum

Front 53

what is cholesteatoma due to

Back 53

repeated infection, which causes an ingrowth of the skin of the eardrum, or the most common cause involves an improperly functioning eustachian tube

Front 54

what are the symptoms of MHL

Back 54

Difficulty hearing or understanding conversations
Turning up volume levels on television or radio
Roaring noises in ear,nausea and vomiting, dizziness, vertigo, tinnitus

Front 55

Disorders that involve the inner ear and auditory nerve often also cause what

Back 55

tinnitus and dizziness

Front 56

what should be included in the physical exam of a hearing loss pt

Back 56

examination of external ear (pinna), external auditory canal, and viewing the middle ear through the tympanic membrane. Air may also be insufflated to see if the eardrum is mobile

Front 57

Bilateral hearing loss occurs is what % of MHL

Back 57

79%

Front 58

is audiometric thresholds in MHL symmetrical or asymmetrical

Back 58

either

Front 59

true or false: in MHL only one ear is involved initially, with contralateral ear developing hearing loss later

Back 59

true

Front 60

what tool can assess hearing and to differentiate conductive hearing loss (CHL) from SNHL

Back 60

tuning fork

Front 61

what are the Ddx for hearing loss

Back 61

Neurologic lesion/mass, Cerebrovascular accident (CVA), Multiple sclerosis, Malingering

Front 62

what are the diagnostic tests for hearing loss

Back 62

Whispering test, Tuning forks with frequencies of 256, 512Hz, acoustic stapedius reflex test, CAT Scan and/or MRI

Front 63

what is the whispering test used for

Back 63

for detecting hearing losses >30dB

Front 64

what will the acoustic stapedius reflex test show

Back 64

stapedius fixation is due to otosclerosis

Front 65

what is stapedius fixation due to

Back 65

otosclerosis

Front 66

what other hearing tests may be done to determine lateralization and air conduction

Back 66

weber's rhines

Front 67

what does the weber's test check

Back 67

lateralization

Front 68

what does rhine's test check for

Back 68

compares air conduction to bone conduction

Front 69

in the weber's test, normally, the sound is heard where

Back 69

in the center of the head or equally in both ears.

Front 70

If there is a conductive hearing loss present in a weber's test where and how will the vibration be heard

Back 70

the vibration will be louder on the side with the conductive hearing loss

Front 71

what type of conduction will be heard louder in a rhinne's test

Back 71

Normally, one will have greater air conduction than bone conduction and therefore hear the vibration longer with the fork in the air

Front 72

during a rhinne's test If the bone conduction is the same or greater than the air conduction, there is what type of hearing loss

Back 72

conductive hearing impairment on that side

Front 73

If there is a sensineuronal hearing loss, then the vibration is heard how

Back 73

substantially longer than usual in the air.

Front 74

what is an audiometry test used for

Back 74

to quantitate hearing loss and determine whether it is neural or conductive

Front 75

what test is used to quantitate hearing loss and determine whether it is neural or conductive

Back 75

audiometry

Front 76

what is tympanometry used for

Back 76

measures impedance of middle ear to changes in air pressure

Front 77

what measures impedance of middle ear to changes in air pressure

Back 77

tympanometry

Front 78

what does the acoustic reflex testing do

Back 78

detects changes in compliance produced by reflex contraction of the stapedius muscle

Front 79

what test detects changes in compliance produced by reflex contraction of the stapedius muscle

Back 79

acoustic reflex testing

Front 80

true or false: If a TM perforation is present it is impossible to obtain a "seal" of the middle ear or a tympanogram

Back 80

true

Front 81

what might be an alternative to surgery for hearing loss

Back 81

hearing aids

Front 82

what is involved in selecting the appropriate hearing aid device

Back 82

matching the electroacoustic characteristics of the aid with the type of hearing loss on the basis of gain (amplification), saturation level, frequency response, and listening requirement

Front 83

what might be included in surgery for correcting hearing loss

Back 83

making a new ear canal or lifting the eardrum to repair the hearing bones (ossicular reconstruction)

Front 84

what is suggested for ppl who are profoundly deaf

Back 84

cochlear implants

Front 85

which pts should be refered to an ENT specialist

Back 85

individuals w/ sudden, traumatic, progressive, or debilitating hearing loss to ENT

Front 86

what are the proper steps to take if a pt has sudden sensory hearing loss

Back 86

evaluation w/in 48 hrs; Hearing loss with pain, vertigo, or otorrhea, requires immediate evaluation and/or treatment