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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Energy
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the ability to cause change in matter
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potential energy
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stored energy that is due to the position or condition of the object. The higher the object than the greater this is.
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kinetic energy
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the energy of motion - this increases as potential energy decreases
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Forms of energy
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light, sound, thermal (heat), chemical and electrical- one form can be tranferred to another -
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Law of Conservation of Energy
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the total amount of energy in a system is always the same. Energy cannot be created or destroyed. Energy just changes form.
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Chemical Energy
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is not produced when fossil fuels (oil) are burned at a generating plant
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Wave
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a disturbance that carries energy through matter and space
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Wave have two parts
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crest and the trough
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crest
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the higher part of the wave - the first part
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trough
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the second part of the wave - the low part
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Wavelength
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measured from crest to crest
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Amplitude
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the distance matter is displaced from its resting positon to produce a wave(how high it is)
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How are sound waves different from water waves?
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Sound is made through vibrations. Air molecules will compress, or squeeze together,forming the compression part of the sound wave
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What is a sound wave made up of?
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One compression and one rarefication. The rarefication is the second part of a sound wave, the particles are far apart.
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frequency
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The numer of times the string vibrates in a given amoujnt of time. When a string vibrates, every vibration starts another sound wave.
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What happens when the frequency of a wave is higher
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The pitch will be higher
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How can sound waves be different?
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A guitar's sound is made from vibrating strings but a clarinet's sound is made by vibrating air and a drum produces sound as it's tightly stretched head vibrates.
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Reflection
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the bouncing off of light on a surface. The smoother the surface the more light will bounce off
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Visible light
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this appears white but it is a mixture of different wavelenghts of light.
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What happens when white light passes through a prism
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a spectrum of light is produced.
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As the light breaks up in a prism
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the shortest wavelength of light bends the most and the longest wavelength bends the least.
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Violet Light
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Bends the most so it has the shortest wavelength.
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How is the color of an object determined?
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It depends on which wavelength of light the object reflects. For example - a red marker looks red because it reflects red light and absorbs all the other colors.
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Which color object would absorb all the wavelengths of light?
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a black one - that is why black asphalt is so hot on a sunny day
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Which color object would reflect all wavelenght of light?
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A white one
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Which does light travel faster through? water or air -
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Air - for example when you shine a flashlight through a fish tank the light will slow down as it hits the water
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transparent
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material allows most of the light to pass through it example a clear window
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translucent
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material allows some light to passs through - example sunglasses
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opaque
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doesn't allow any light to pass through - example woods and metals
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electromagnetic spectrum
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all energy waves that travel at the speed of light in a vacuum, includes radio, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, xrays and gamma rays.
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diffraction
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the bending of light around the edge of an object
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refraction
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the bending of light as it passes from one material top another
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reflection
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the bouncing of light off a surface
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