Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
endocrine system |
orgns that secrete hormones into the blood pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pineal, thymus, ovary, testes, pancreas and hypothalamus |
|
|
thyroid disorder |
thyroid hormones maintain the rate body uses fats and carbohydrates, regulate body temperatures, influence heart rate, regulate production of protein, regulates amount of calcium in blood |
|
|
hyperthyroidism |
sudden weight loss, even when appetite and food intake doesnt change rapid or irregualr heartbeat nervousness/irritability sweating changes in menstrual patters increased sensitivity to heat changes in bowel patterns difficulty sleeping muscle weakness |
|
|
hypothyroidism |
unexplained weight gain elevated blood cholestorol depression pale, dry skin heavier than normal menstrual cycles increased sensitivity to cold constipation enlarger goiter headache splea apnea brittle nails coarse hair hypertension |
|
|
pancreatitis |
2 functions: produce digestive juices and secrete the hormones, insuline and glucagon |
|
|
acute pancreatitis |
often form gall stones into pancreatic duct which will block the flow enzymes become active in pancreatic duct and not in duodenum sudden onset of mild to severe pain in epigastric region may refer to back and sometimes chest. bent forward abdominal distention, bruises from internal bleeding, persistent vomiting, fever, tachycardia |
|
|
chronic pancreatitis |
progressive inflammation leading to long term complications organ becomes less and less able to secrete enzymes, leading to diabetes. intermittent mild to moderate pain, worsening after drinking alcohol or a meal. nausea, vomiting, fever, bloating, gas, weight loss, malabsorption, hyperglycemia |
|
|
diabetes |
food increase blood glucose (80-120 ml/dl). pancreas release insulin which lowers blood glucose through transport to skeletal and cardiac muscles and other cells liver, kidney, brain tissues have easy access to blood glucose no matter the insulin level. energy needs to come first (ATP), rest stored (glycogen and fat) glucagon measures blood glucose |
|
|
type 1 diabetes |
insulin dependent childhood/adolescents daily insulin shots auto immune destruction of beta cells (inability of pancreas to produce insulin |
|
|
type 2 diabetes |
non insulin dependant 30/40 years old stage 1: resistance to insulin's action (exacerbated by obesity) stage 2: pancreas failing to compensate adequately |
|
|
symptoms of diabetes |
excessive thirst (dehydration from electrolyte imbalance, will provoke polydispsia) frequent urination(excess glucose passes through kidneys and then polynuria) excessive hunger (even though plenty of glucose is present i cannot be used) ketoacidosis from ketoacids (leading to acetone of which gives fruity breath) weight loss fatigue |
|
|
treatment |
type 1: strict regimen. calculated diet, planned physical activity, home blood glucose testing, multiple daily insulin injections type 2: diet control, exercise home blood glucose testing, 40% needs injections, oral meds or insulin gestational: dietary counselling, regular moderate exercise, glucose monitoring, insulin therapy is diet alone does not achieve target blood glucose |
|
|
diabetes complicaitions |
hypoglycemia: common to type 1. errors in medication, diet, or exercise insulin shock: rapid onset glycemia dizziness, headache, hunger, pallor, perspiration, neurological signs, gait/clumsy diabetic coma: hyperglycemia >> ketoacidosis gradual onsest, emergency condition |
|
|
long term complications of diabetes |
coronary heart disease kidney failure blindness nerve impairment loss of sensation aspetic necrosis gastric irritation |
|
|
gastrointestinal conditions |
during exercise: 15% pf blood is shunted away from visceral organs to the working muscles as core temperature rises, 20% of central blood volume is shunted to the skin for cooling normal intestinal blood flow can decrease to 80% dehydration, high temperature, lack of acclimatization can exacerbate hypo perfusion of GI tract |
|
|
Dyshagia |
difficulty swallowing (narrow oesophagus paralysis, muscle spasm) must discontinue activity and be referred |
|
|
reflux |
gastric juices regurgitates in esophagus. often from eating or drinking in excess, spicy foods, obesity, pregnancy, running. burining, radiating substernal pain |
|
|
dyspepsia (indigestion) |
pain with no identified etiology. heart burn, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, pain in xyphoid region |
|
|
gastric (peptic) ulcer |
occurs in esophagus, stomach or duodenum. open lesions exposed to gastric acids (the stomach digests itself) occurs 1-3 hours before eating, relieved by eating. can cause perforation of the stomach wall |
|
|
gastritis |
stomach lining becomes inflamed, leading to erosion of mucosa. vague epigastric pain, fullness, vomiting, no antacids if gastric bleeding is present |
|
|
gastroenteritis |
viral or bacterial infection of stomach or intestinal lining also from allergic reaction, medication, parasites, contaminated foods, emotional stress. nausea, vomiting, cramping, fever, diarrhea = leads to electrolyte imbalance usually clears up 2-3 days |
|
|
irritable bowel syndrome |
abdominal pain and altered bowel function pain is there for 12 weeks in the past 12 months relief with defecation, frequency and or change in stool, may be covered in mucus heart burn, abdominal distention, back pain, weakness, faintness |
|
|
crohns disease |
serious chronic inflammation goes through layers on intestine =thickening and narrowing of the lumen. chronic abdominal pain mainly right lower quadrant segmented patches diarrhea 10-20x/day, loss of appetite, weight loss, anal fissures, joint pain, skin rash, liver disease |
|
|
ulcerative colitis |
chronic inflammation of the colon which involves only mucosal lining and is uniform with ulcerations bloody diarrhea |
|
|
diarrhea |
anxiety can lead to it abnormally loose stools runner's diarrhea: increase bowel mobility |
|
|
constipation |
stools re difficult to pass lack of fiber, water, exercise, bowel habits, emotional distress, diabetes, pregnancy, laxative overuse, drugs |
|
|
hemmorrhoids |
dilation of the venous plexus surrounding rectal and anal area internal or external to anal area factors-> pregnancy, enlargement of prostate, uterine fibroids, rectal tumours, varicose veins pain, itching, red, blood upon defaction |
|
|
food poisoning |
gas, low grade fever, pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. begins 1-6 hours after ingestion of contaminated food may last 1-3 days severe cases may require EMS |
