Endocrine

Front 1

Addisons description

Back 1

adrenal secretes too little cortisol, aldosterone, or both. TB used to be most common. autoimmune now most common. along with thyroid, parathyroid.

Front 2

Addisons sx

Back 2

chronic, progressive muscle weakness, malaise, anorexia, weight loss, GI, hyperpigmentation.

Front 3

Addison labs

Back 3

hypoglycemia, hyponatremia, hperK, acidosis.

Front 4

Addisonian crisis

Back 4

rapid adrenal destruction (adrenal hemorrhage), or when compensated patient has stress. needs fludrocortisone (mineralocorticoid), and hydrocortisone (glucocorticoid).

Front 5

Turner syndrome features

Back 5

1 :2000 girls. small stature, gonad dysgenesis. cardiac (bicuspid aorta), coarct, aortic stenosis, MVP. HTN. Renal abnormalities

Front 6

low T4, elevated TSH, slowed growth

Back 6

acuquired hypothyroidism. chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (Hashimoto). female > male.

Front 7

congenital hypothyroidism

Back 7

coarse face, puffy eyelids, thick tongue, thick hair. splayed sutures.

Front 8

sudden change of growth at 5yrs old, becomes fat and short.

Back 8

Cushing or hypothyroidism.

Front 9

Cushing S

Back 9

most commonly exogenous steroids.
growth stops, become fat. central obesity, hypertension, buffalo hump, hirsutism, striae, acne.

Front 10

hypothyroidism growth changes

Back 10

weight loss and increased growth velocity is more common. can become short and fat however.

Front 11

hypercalcemia in the immobilized

Back 11

decreased bone mineralization due to no weight bearing causes Ca excess.

Front 12

familial short stature

Back 12

normal PE except short and small. nl birthweight. become short within first 2yrs.below but parallel to 5th percentile. bone age = chronologic age. Differs from

Front 13

congenital adrenal hyperplasia, salt wasting

Back 13

ambiguous genitalia, low salt, hi K, hi 17-hydroxyprogesterone.

Front 14

hyperthyroid sx

Back 14

tachycardia, weight loss, exophthalmos, remor. emotional labitility.

Front 15

precocious puberty def.

Back 15

signs of puberty before 8 in girl, 9 in boy.

Front 16

work up of precocious puberty

Back 16

bone age. Nl: incomlete sexual precocity. delayed bone age - hypothyroidism. advanced bone age - true precocious puberty vs pesudocomplete. (use CT for that)

Front 17

hypoparathyroid sx

Back 17

seizure from hypocalcemia. hi phosphate, nl Mg, low parathyroid hormone.

Front 18

DiGeorge sx

Back 18

cell mediated immune d. hypoparathyroidism. face, CV anomalies

Front 19

DiGeorge heart

Back 19

truncus, aortic arch anomalies.

Front 20

hyperthyroidism sx

Back 20

weight loss, impulsivity, inattentiveness, emotional lability. lid lag, jittery, tremor, tachy, sweating.

Front 21

hypoparathyroid does what to Ca

Back 21

low Ca, hi Phos

Front 22

how to differentiate GH deficiency from constitutional growth delay.

Back 22

GH deficiency falls off curve in height. Constitutional is always trachking below 5th, but gaining. both have delayed bone age. FH of growth or puberty delay. familial short stature: normal linear tgrowth, bone age = chrono,

Front 23

thyroid binding globulin deficiency dx

Back 23

clinically euthyroid, normal growth. low T4, nl TSH, hi T3 resin

Front 24

hypocalcemia in neonate

Back 24

nl is 7-10 with iCa 1.0. Most common hypoCa is due to prematurity.

Front 25

changes to external genitalia of term infant caused by what hormones

Back 25

androgens alone cause external genitalia to change.
estrogens may cause withdrawl bleed, lactation

Front 26

pubertal gynecomastia diff

Back 26

often start unilat, most become bilat.
Klinefelters: tall, small testes.
testicular carcinoma: secrestes estrogens, mass
lipomas, usually not beneath areola. obese patients have adipose tissue, no breast tissue.

Front 27

Turner s. sx

Back 27

primary amenorrhea. short, norm weight, no breast tissue (ovaries not working), normal pubic hair (androgens working)

Front 28

Graves D. dx sx

Back 28

big thyroid, hyper thyroid: weight loss, poor school performance, poor concentration, nervousness, heat intol. tachycardia, tremorT4 hi, TSH lo

Front 29

simple goiter

Back 29

big thyroid, euthyroid

Front 30

thyroid nodule

Back 30

discrete nodule. Refer all to ped endo to R/O malig

Front 31

treatment of Graves

Back 31

methimazole, carbimazole, or propylthiouracxil. suppress for 1-2 yrs, if fails then do radioI, if that fails then cut it out.

Front 32

neonatal hyperthyroidism

Back 32

due to transplacental TSH receptor stimulating Ab from mother with Graves. irritabale, jittery, tremulous, flushed, sweating, exopth, HS meg. tachy.

Front 33

hypophosphatemia

Back 33

Rickets is any disease of bones due to low phostphate or Ca. Xr hypophosphatemic rickets is most common inheritied rickets. renal wasting of phosphate.

Front 34

21 hydroxylase deficiency sx

Back 34

ambiguous genitalia in girl
75% have aldosterone def. = salt wasting presenting in 2nd week.. FTT, vomit, with hyperpigmentation (ACTH overproduction)

Front 35

age by which height percentile stabiliizes

Back 35

3yrs. significant decreases after should be investigated.

Front 36

growth pattern: constitutional delay of growth and puberty.

Back 36

nl birth. slow linear growth or decrease in first 3years of life. FH of late bloomer. bone age delayed to height age.

Front 37

familial short stature

Back 37

similar start as constitutional but bone age matches chrono. final height appropriate to parents.

Front 38

short child with incrased weight to height ratio

Back 38

think endocrine: GHD. either congenital septooptc dysplaisa or very rare defect in ACTH gene

Front 39

short and dysmorphic

Back 39

Down, Turner, Noonans, Prader-Willi

Front 40

endocrine causes of short stature

Back 40

thyroid def or resistance
Cushings S
congenital adrenal yperplasias
too much steroids
neuroendocrine GH disorders

Front 41

single central incisor, think

Back 41

GH deficiency

Front 42

pale optic disk, think

Back 42

septo-optic dysplasia.