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110 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
mouth
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an opening thru which food passes into the body; breaks food into small pieces by mastication and mixing w/ saliva
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tongue
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consists mostly of skeletal muscle; attached in the posterior region of the mouth; provides movement for food for mastification, directs food to the pharynx for swallowing, major organ for taste and speech
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palate
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separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity
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soft palate
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posterior portion, not supported by bone
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hard palate
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anterior portion, supported by bone
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uvula
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soft v-shaped mass that extends from the soft palate; directs food into the throat
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pharynx/ throat
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performs the swallowing action that passes food from the mouth into the esophagus
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esophagus
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10" tube that extends from the pharynx to the stomach
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stomach
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J-shaped sac that mixes and stores food; secretes chemicals for digestion and hormones for local communication and control
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cardia
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area around the opening of the esophagus
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fundus
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uppermost domed portion of the stomach
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body
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central portion of the stomach
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antrum
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lower portion of the stomach
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pylorus
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portion of the stomach that connects to the small intestine
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pyloric sphincter
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ring of muscle that guards the opening btwn the stomach and duodenum
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small intestine
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20-ft canal extending from the pyloric sphincter to the lrg intestine
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duodenum
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1st 10-12" of small intestine
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jejunum
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2nd portion of the small intestine, approx. 8 ft long
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ileum
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3rd portion of the small intestine, approx. 11 ft. long, which connects the large intestin
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lrg intestine
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canal that is approx. 5 ft long and extends form the ileum to the anus
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cecum
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blind u-shaped pouch that is the 1st portion of the large intestine
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colon
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next portion of the large intestine; divided into 4 parts: ascending, transverse, descendinhg, and sigmoid
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rectum
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remaining portion of lrg intestine; approx. 8-10" long extending from sigmoid colon to anus
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anus
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sphincter muscle (ringlike band of muscle fiber that keeps opening tight) at the end of the digestive tract
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salivary glands
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produce saliva, which flow into the mouth
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liver
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produces bile, which is necessary for the digestion of fats; performs many functions w/ digestion and metabolism
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bile ducts
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passageways that carry bile; the hepatic duct, cystic duct, and common bile duct; make up the biliary tract
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gallbladder
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small saclike structure that stores bile
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pancreas
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produces pancreatic juice, which helps digest all types of food and secretes insulin for carbs and metabolism
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peritoneum
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serous saclike lining of the abdominal and pelvic cavities
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appendix
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small pouch, which has no function in digestion; attached to the cecum
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abdomen
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portion of the body btwn the thorax and pelvis
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appendicitis/ cholecystitis/ diverticulitis/ esophagitis/ gastritis/ gastroenteritis/ gastroenterocolitis/ gingivitis/ hepatitis/ palatitis/ pancreatitis/ peritonitis/ steatohepatitis/ uvulitis
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inflammation of the appendix/ gallbladder/ diverticulum/ esophagus/ stomach/ stomach and intestines/ stomach, intestines, and colon/ gums/ liver/ palate/ pancreas/ peritoneum/ liver assoc. with excess fat (alcohol); uvula
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cholangioma/
hepatoma |
tumor of the bile duct/
liver |
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choledocholithiasis
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condition of stones in the bile duct
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cholelithiasis
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condition of gallstones
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diverticulosis
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abnormal condition of having diverticula
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polyposis
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abnormal condition of mutiple polyps (in mucous mm of the intestine)
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proctoptosis
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prolapse of the rectum
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rectocele
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protrusion of the rectum
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sialolith
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stone in the salivary gland
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adhesion
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abnormal growing together of two surfaces that normally are separated; may occur after surgery
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anorexia nervosa
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eating disorder chara. by prolonged refusal to eat, resulting in emaciation, amenorrhea in females, and abnormal fear of becoming obese
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bulimia nervosa
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eating disorder involving gorging w/ food, followed by induced vomiting or laxative abuse
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cirrhosis
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chronic d. of the liver w/ gradual destruction of cells and formation of scar tissue; commonly called alcoholism
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Crohn d.
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chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract usu. affecting the ileum and chara. by cobblestone ulcerations and the formation of scar tissue that may lead to abdominal obstruction
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duodenal ulcer
gastric ulcer |
ulcer in the duodenum/
stomach |
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gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
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abnormal backward flow of the gastrointestinal contents into the esophagus, causing heartburn and gradual breakdown of the mucous barrier of the esophagus
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hemochromatosis
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iron metabolism disorder that occurs when too much iron is absorbed from food resulting in excessive deposits of iron in the tissue
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hemorrhoid
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varicose vein in the rectal area which may be internal or external
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ileus
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obstruction of the intestine often caused by failure of peristalsis
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intussusception
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telescoping of a segment of the intestine
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irratible bowl syndrome (IBS)
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periodic disturbances of bowel function, such as diarrhea and/or constipation, usu. asoc. w/ abdominal pain
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obesity
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excess body fat (not body weight)
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peptic ulcer
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another name for gastric or duodenal ulcer
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polyp
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tumorlike growth extending outward from a mucous mm; usu. benign
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ulcerative colitis
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inflammation of the clon with formation of ulcers; main symptom is bloody diarrhea
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volvulus
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twisting or kinking of the intestine causing abdominal obstruction
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abdominocentesis
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surgical puncture to remove fluid from the abdominal cavity
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abdomnoplasty/ anoplasty/ esophagogasroplasty/ gastroplasty/ palatoplasty/ pyloroplasty/ uvulopalatopharyngoplasty
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surgical repair of the abdomen/ esophagus and stomach/ stomach/ palate/ pylorus/ uvula, palate, and pharynx (performed to correct obstructive sleep apnea0
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antrectomy/ appendicectomy/ cholecystectomy/ colectomy/ diverticulectomy/ gastrectomy/ polypectomy/ uvulectomy/
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excision of the antrum/ appendix/ gallbladder/ colon/ diverticulum/ stomach/ half of the colon/ polyp/ uvula
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celiotomy/ choledocholithotomy/ laparotomy/ pyloromyotomy
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incision into the abdominal cavity/ into common bile duct to remove a stone/ abdomen/ pyloric muscle
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colostomy/ gastrojejunostomy/ gastrostomy/ ileostomy
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creation of an artificial opening into the colon/ btwn stomach and jejunum/ into the stomach/ into the ileum
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enterorrhaphy/ glossorrhaphy/ herniorrhaphy/
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suture of the intestine/ tongue/ hernia (for repair)/
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abdominal redsection (A&P resection)
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removal of the colon and rectum thru both abdominal and perineal approaches; performed to treat colorectal cancer and inflammatory d
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anastomosis
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opening created by surgically joining two structures, such as blood vessels or bowel segments
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bariatric surgery
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surgical reduction of gastric capacity to treat morbid obesity
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hemorrhoidectomy
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excision of hemorroids, the varicosed veins in the rectal region
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vagotomy
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cutting of certain branches of the vagus nerve, performed w/ gastric surgery to reduce the amt of gastric acid produced, thus reducing the reoccurrence of ulcers
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ascites
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abnormal collection of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
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cholangiogram/ cholecystogram/ esophagogram
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radiographic image of bile ducts/ gallbladder/ esophagus
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cholangiography/
CT colonography |
radiographic imaging of the bile ducts/ colon (using a CT scanner and software)
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colonoscope/ endoscope/ esophagoscope/ gastroscope/ laparoscope/ proctoscope/ sigmoidoscope
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instrument used for visual examination of the colon/ w/n a hollow organ/ esophagus/ stomach/ abdominal cavity (and to perform laparoscopic sugery)/ rectum/ sigmoid colon
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colonscopy/ endoscopy/ esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)/ esophagoscopy/ gastroscopy/ laparoscopy/ proctoscopy/ sigmoidscopy
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visual examination of the colon/ w/n a hollow organ/ esophagus, stomach , and dudodenum, esophagus/ stomach/ abdominal cavity/ rectum/ sigmoid colon
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abdominal ultrasonography
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process of recording images of internal organs using high-frequency sound waves produced by a transducer placed directly on the skin; determines size and structure
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barium enema (BE)
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series of radiographic images taken of the lrg intestine after a BE has been administered rectally
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upper GI series
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series of radiographic images taken of the stomach and duodenum after barium has been swallowed
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endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
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radiographic examination of the biliary tract and pancreatic ducts w/ contrast medium, fluoroscopy, and endoscopy
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endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)
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procedure using an endoscope fitted w/ an ultrasound probe that provides images of layers of the intestinal wall; used to detect tumors and cystic growths
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fecal occult blood test (FOBT)
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test to detect occult blood in the feces. used to screen for colon caner or polyps; occult blood means blood that is present but only viewed microscopically
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Heliobacter pylori antibodies test
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blood test to determine the presence of H. pylori; bacteria can be found in the lining of the stomach and can cause peptic ulcers
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abdominal/ anal/ colorectal/ ileocecal/ nasgastric/ oral/ pancreatic/ peritoneal/ rectal/ stomatogastric/ sublingual
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pertaining to the abdomen/ anus/ colon and rectum/ ileum and cecum/ nose and stomach/ mouth/ pancreas/ peritoneum/ rectum/ mouth and stomach/ tongue
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aphagia
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without swallowing (inability to)
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dyspepsia/ dysphagia
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difficult digestion/ swallowing
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gastrodynia
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pain in the stomach
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gastroenterolgist/
proctologist |
physician who studies and treats d. of the stomach and intestines/ rectum
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gastroenterology/
proctology |
study of the stomach and intestines/ rectum
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gastromalacia
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softening of the stomach
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glossopathy
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disease of the tongue
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steatorrhea
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discharge of fat (excessive amt of fat in the stool; assoc. with malabsorption of fat- chronic pancreatitis and celiac d.)
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steatosis
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abnormal condition of fat (increased fat at the cellular level often affecting the liver)
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diarrhea
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frequent discharge of liquid stool
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dysentry
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disorder that involves inflammation of the intestine (usu. lrg intestine) assoc. w/ diarrhea and abdominal pain
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emesis
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expelling matter from the stomach thru the mouth
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feces
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waste from the digestive tract expelled thru the rectum
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flatus
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gas in the diggestive tract or expelled thru the anus
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gastric lavage
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washing out of the stomach
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gavage
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process of feeding a person thru a nasogastric tube
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hematemesis
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vomiting of blood
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hematochezia
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passage of bloody feces
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melena
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black, tarry stool that contains digested blood; usu. a result of bleeding in the upper GI tract
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nausa
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urge to vomit
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peristalsis
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involuntary wavelike contractions that propel food along the digestive tract
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reflux
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abnormal backward flow; ie. esophageal reflux- stomach contents flow back into the esophagus
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stoma
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surgical opening btwn an organ and the surface of the body
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vomiting
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expelling matter from the stomach thru the mouth
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b
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