Embryology Review

Front 1

in heart embryology the truncus arteriosus becomes what?

Back 1

ascending aorta & pulmonary trunk

Front 2

bulbus cordis becomes what?

Back 2

smooth parts of right & left ventricle

Front 3

primitive ventricle becomes what?

Back 3

trabeculated parts of left & right ventricle

Front 4

primitive atria becomes what?

Back 4

trabeculated left & right atrium

Front 5

left horn of sinus venosus

Back 5

coronary sinus

Front 6

right horn of sinus venosus

Back 6

smooth part of right atrium

Front 7

right common cardinal vein and right anterior cardinal vein

Back 7

becomes SVC

Front 8

aortic arch derivatives:
1st arch becomes?

Back 8

part of maxillary artery

Front 9

2nd aortic arch becomes?

Back 9

stapedial artery and hyoid artery

Front 10

3rd aortic arch becomes?

Back 10

common carotid artery and proximal part of internal carotid artery

Front 11

*****4th aortic arch becomes?***

Back 11

left side become the aortic arch
right side becomes proximal part of right subclavian artery

Front 12

6th aortic arch becomes?

Back 12

right side becomes proximal part of pulmonary arteries
LEFT SIDE becomes ductus arteriosus

Front 13

primary site for nutrient & gas exchange bet. mother & fetus
hint; 2 components for the fetus, 1 component for the mother

Back 13

Fetal components:
- cytotrophoblast- inner layer of chorionic villi
- synctiotrophoblast- outer layer of chorioninc villi, secretes hCG
maternal component;
- decidua basalis- derived for the endometirum. maternal blood in lacunae

Front 14

what is the urachus?

Back 14

an embryonic structure within the umbilical cord that removes nitrogenous waste from the fetal bladder (like a urethra).
- it connects to the allantois from which umbilical arteries/ veins are derived

Front 15

vitelline fistula

Back 15

- fistulae bet. umbilicus and terminal ileum → fecal discharge out ya belly button

Front 16

urachal fistula

Back 16

fistula between umbilicus and bladder → urinary discharge out the belly button

Front 17

interventricular septum development (like I give a shit...)

Back 17

1. muscular ventricular septum forms. opening is called interventricular foramen
2. aorticopulmonary septum divided TA in aortic & pumonary trunks (when it doesn't sprial, you get transposition of the great vessels)
3. aorticopulmonary septum meets & fuses with muscular ventricular septum to form membranous interventricular septum, closing the intraventricular foramen.

Front 18

interatrial septum development

Back 18

1. septum primum grows twd endocardial cushions, narrowing the foramen primum. (primum type ASD occurs when the septum primum doesn't fuse properly)
2. foramen secudum forms & maintains R→L shunt as septum secundum begins to grow
3. septum secundum contains the foramen ovale
4. foramen secundum enlarges primum degenerates and its remaining portion forms valve of foramen ovale

Front 19

3 important shunts:
1. ductus venosus
2. foramen ovale
3. ductus arteriosus

Back 19

1. ductus venosus- blood entering through the umbilical vein bypasses hepatic circulation and goes straight to the IVC through this shunt
2. foramen ovale connect right & left atrium and bypasses the lungs
3. ductus arteriosus connects left pulmonary artery to aorta

Front 20

umbilical vein becomes

Back 20

ligamentum teres hepatis (contained in falciform ligament)

Front 21

umbilicaL arteries become

Back 21

mediaL umbilical ligaments

Front 22

allantois/ urachus becomes

Back 22

mediaN umbilical ligament

Front 23

notochord becomes

Back 23

nucleus polposus of intervetebral disk

Front 24

branchial arch 1 derivatives:
innervated by cranial nerve V2, V3

Back 24

meckel's cartilage
mandible
malleus, incus
sphenomandibular ligament
muscles of mastication
anterior 2/3 of tongue
Treacher Collins syndrome: 1st arch neural crest fails to migrate causing mandibular hypoplasia and facial abnormalities

Front 25

branchial arch 2 derivatives
innervated by CN 7 (facial)

Back 25

stapes
styloid process
lesser horn of hyoid, stylohyoid ligament
muscles of facial expression

Front 26

branchial arch 3 derivatives;
innervated by CN 9

Back 26

- stylopharyngeus muscle

Front 27

branchial arches 4-6
4th & 6th arch innervated by CN X

Back 27

cartilages; thyroid, cricoid, arytenoids, corniculate, cuneiform
muscles (4th): cricothyroid, levator veli palatini
muscles (6th) all intrinsic muscles of larynx except cricothyroid
- arches 3 & 4 form posterior 1/3 of tongue

Front 28

branchial pouch 1 derivative

Back 28

middle ear cavity, eustachian tube, mastoid air cells

Front 29

branchial pouch 2 derivatives

Back 29

epithelial lining of palatine tonsil

Front 30

****branchial pouch 3 derivative***

Back 30

dorsal wings become inferior parathyroids
ventral wings develop into the thymus
- DiGeorge syndrome (failure of development of 3rd & 4th pouch cause thymic aplasia and no parathyroid)`

Front 31

***branchial pouch 4 derivative**

Back 31

dorsal wings become superior parathyroids
- DiGeorge syndrome

Front 32

cleft lip problem

Back 32

failure of fusion of the maxillary and medial nasal processes

Front 33

cleft palate problem

Back 33

failure of fusion of the lateral palatine process, nasal septum, and/or the medial palatine process

Front 34

kidney embryology:
pronephros
mesonephros
metanephros
urogenital sunus
ureteric bud

Back 34

pronephros- week 4, then degenerated
mesonephros- interim kidney that later contributes to male genital system
metanephros- permanent kidney (glomerulus → DCT)
urogenital sinus- becomes bladder, urethra, allantois
ureteric bid- becomes collecting duct, calyces, pelvises, ureter

Front 35

Potter's syndrome

Back 35

bilateral renal agenesis. oligohydraminos. caused by malformation of the ureteric bud.

Front 36

why should you give a fuck about the sonic hedgehog gene?

Back 36

because it 's involved in patterning from the anterior to posterior axis

Front 37

wnt-7 gene is important for what?

Back 37

produced at apical extodermal ridge
necessary for organization along dorsal-ventral axis

Front 38

surface ectoderm gives rise to what?

Back 38

adenohypophysis
lens of eye
oral epithelium
ear, eye, nose
skin
salivary, sweat, mammary glands

Front 39

neuroectoderm becomes what

Back 39

brain-CNS neurons, neurohypophysis, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, ependymal cells, pineal gland
retina
spinal cord (alar plate- dorsal, basal plate-ventral)

Front 40

neural crest derivatives

Back 40

ANS
DRG
cranial nerves
celiac ganglion
melanocytes
chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla
ECL cells in GI
C cells of thyroid- make calcitonin
Schwann cells
pia & arachnoid
skull bones
odontoblasts
laryngeal cartilage
aorticopulmonary septum

Front 41

endoderm

Back 41

gut tube and all the shit that comes with it

Front 42

mesoderm

Back 42

muscle
bone
connective tissue
peritoneum
SPLEEN
CV structures
kidneys
adrenal cortex
lymphatics
blood
uorgenital shit
kidneys
adrenal cortex

Front 43

what is the pancreas derived from

Back 43

FOREGUT. Ventral pancreatic bud becomes pancreatic head, uncinate process, and main pancreatic duct
dorsal pancreatic bud becomes body, tail, isthmus

**annular pancreas- bifid ventral pancreatic bud causing it abnormally circle to duodenum that may cause narrowing
- double-bubble appearance on X ray and thus could mimic duodenal atresia EXCEPT you would see bilious vomiting