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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Thyroid development |
1- Thyroid diverticulum develop from the floor of the primitive pharynx and descend in the neck 2- Connect to the tongue by the thyroglossal duct that disappears if persist for a thyroglossal duct cyst or pyramidal lobe of the thyroid 3- Foreamen cecum remnant of the thyroglossal duct 4- Most common ectopic thyroid tissue site tongue (lingual thyroid) removal can cause hypothyroidism if it’s the only thyroid tissue 5- Thyroglossal duct cyst present as anterior neck mass that moves with swallowing and protrusion of the tongue 6- Thyroid follicular cells develop from endoderm |
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What is the embryological origin of the parafollicular cells |
4th pharyngeal pouch |
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Anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) |
1- Secretes FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, Prolactin, Growth hormone and Beta endorphins 2- Melanotropins (MSH) are secreted from the intermediated lobe of the pituitary 3- Develop fro oral ectoderm Rathke pouch 4- Alpha subunit - Hotmail subunit of FSH, LH, TSH and HCG 5- Beta subunit - determine hormone specificity 6- Basophils 1- FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH Acidophils - Prolactin, growth hormone 7- Proopiomelanocortin- derivative MSH, ACTH and Beta endorphins |
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Posterior pituitary neurohypophysis |
1- Secretes and release ADH and oxytocin made by hypothalamus (supraoptic and paraventricular nucleus) and transported to posterior pituitary by neurohysins (carrier proteins) 2- Derived from neuroectoderm |
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Adrenal cortex and medulla |
1- Adrenal cortex derived from mesoderm 2- Adrenal medulla derived from neural crest (ectoderm) 3- 3 zones of adrenal cortex 1- Zana glomerulosa- Aldosterone 2- Zona fasciculata- Cortisol 3- Zona reticularis- Androgen 4- Adrenal medulla secretes catecholamine (epinephrine and norepinephrine) |
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Endocrine pancreatic cell type |
1- Islet of langerhan are collection of alpha, beta and gamma endocrine cell 2- Islet arises from pancreatic bud 3- 3 endocrine cells 1- Alpha- glucagon (peripheral) 2- Beta- Insulin (central) 3- Gamma- somatostain (interspersed) |
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Which hormone regulates aldosterone production in the Zona glomerulosa |
Angiotensin II |
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Which hormone stimulate androgen production in the Zona reticularis |
ACTH and CRH |
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Which hormone stimulate cortisol production in the Zona fasciculata |
ACTH and CRH |
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ADH |
1- Increase water permeability in the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts of the kidney to increase water reabsorption 2- Activated by increase plasma osmolality |
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CRH |
1- Increase beta endorphin, MSH and ACTH 2- Decrease in exogenous steroid use |
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Dopamine |
1- Decrease prolactin and TSH 2- Also called prolactin inhibiting hormone 3- Dopamine antagonist (antipsychotics) causes galactorrhea due to hyperprolactinemia |
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GHRH |
1- Increase GH 2- Analog (tesamorelin) used to treat HIV associated lipodystrophy |
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GnRH |
1- Increase FSH and LH 2- Suppressed by hyperprolactinemia 3- Pulsatile GnRH leads to puberty and fertility |
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MSH |
1- Increase melanogenesis by melanocytes 2- Cause hyperpigmentation in cushion syndrome because share the same precursor molecule proopiomeanocortin |
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Oxytocin |
1- Stimulate uterine contraction during labour and milk let down reflex response to suckling 2- Modulates fear, anxiety, social bonding, mood, and depression |
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Prolactin |
1- Decrease GnRH stimulate lactogenesis 2- Pituitary prolactinoma - amenorrhea, osteoporosis, hypogonadism, galactorrhea 3- Increase prolactin — decrease GnRH — delay postpartum ovulation ( natural contraception) |
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Somatostatin |
1- Decrease GH and TSH 2- Growth hormone inhibitor 3- Use to treat acromegaly |
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TRH |
1- Increase TSH and prolactin 2- Increase TRH (2 to hypothyroidism) can cause increase prolactin secretion |
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Leuprolide suppresses the hypothalamic pituitary axis. Which hormone is it an analog of |
Gonadotrophin releasing hormone |
