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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is oliguria? |
The production of abnormally small amounts of urine |
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What is anuria? |
Failure of the kidneys to produce urine |
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What is stranguria? |
Painful, frequent urination in small volumes |
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What is poikuria? |
Irregular passage of urine |
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What is pollakiuria? |
Frequent passing of urine but in small amounts |
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What is polyuria? |
Passing abnormally large amounts of urine |
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What is urinary tenesmus? |
Struggling to urinate |
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Which catheters have drainage holes each side? |
Red dog catheter |
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What catheter should be used for a blocked cat? |
Slippery Sam catheter |
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What catheter is silicone and has a wire guide to ease insertion? |
Silicone cat catheter |
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Which catheter does not have a luer connector and is compatible with all lubricants? |
Silicone foley catheter |
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What is made from latex and incorporates an inflatable balloon? |
Latex foley catheter |
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Which catheter is used in bitches only and has a curved tip to aid insertion? |
Tiemans catheter (yellow) |
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Which catheter is commonly used in male cats but can be used in females? |
Jackson cat catheter |
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Which catheter is not indwelling, made from PCV and has soft and flexible insertion? |
Tiemans (yellow) |
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What is available in 3.5FG and is used in Tom cats only? |
Silicone cat catheter |
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What conditions may be a result of a urethral obstruction? |
Hyperkalaemia, hyperglycaemia and post renal azotaemia Also may present with dehydration, metabolic acidosis and hypovalaemia |
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What can be used as a relaxant when placing a urinary catheter? |
Medazolam - relaxes muscles |
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When does hyperkaleamia occur? |
When the kidneys are unable to excrete potassium and hydrogen ions as a result of glomerular filtration due to impaired kidney function. |
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What are physiological consequences of pain? |
Hypertension, increased cardiac output, increased respiration |
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What is the typical amount of urine output? |
1-2ml/kg/hour |
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How often should a urine bag be monitored? |
Every 4 hours |
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What should be noted when collecting a urine sample? |
Colour, smell, turbidity, volume, method of collection |
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How would you calculate urine output? |
1XBWX24 2XBWX24 |
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What are the different methods of urine collection? |
Cytocentesis Midstream sample Litter tray sample Manual expression Urinary catheterisation |
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Why do we place urinary catheters? |
Diagnostic - obtain sterile sample Medical - maintenance of output & drug introduction Obstruction - urethral patency & hydropropulsion Surgical - pre and post operative bladder drainage |
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What are complications of urinary catheterisation? |
Infection Cystitis Blockage obstruction or kinking Self removal or patient interference Urethral damage or inflammation |
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What is the term for difficulty passing faeces ? |
Dyschezia |
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What is tenesmus? |
Painful ineffective straining to pass faeces |
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What is melaena ? |
Dark tarry faeces due to blood loss |
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What is coprophagia? |
Eating own faeces |
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What is steatorrhea? |
Passage of pale, fatty faeces |
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What should you consider with a patient who has diarrhoea? |
Small frequent meals High quality / low protein Clip and clean perianal area |
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How can enemas be used? |
Warm water Mineral oil Liquid paraffin Phosphate enema Proprietary agent Bowel cleansing agents |
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What device is often used to administer an evacuant enema to a medium to large sized dog? |
Higginsons syringe |
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Four potential reasons for administering an enema? |
Constipation Preparing for a diagnostic Surgery preparation Introducing contrast into lower GI tract Drug administration |
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What are the causes of recumbency? |
Fractures Spinal trauma Neurological injury or disease Spinal tumour Semi-consciousness or comatose state Anaesthetised or sedated patient Shock Paresis Paralysis |
