Ekg Review Questions

Front 1

Electrical stimuli

Back 1

The beating of the heart is due to a rhtyhmic discharge of

Front 2

Contraction of the myocardium

Back 2

Most of the information on the EKG represents electrical activity of:

Front 3

Negatively charge

Back 3

While at resting state, myocytes are polarized, the interior of every cell is: Positive or Negatively charged

Front 4

Positive

Back 4

When cells are depolarized, their interiors become (positive or negatively) charged and the cells contract

Front 5

Sodium (Na+) ions

Back 5

Cell-to-cell conduction of depolarization through the myocardium is carried by fast-moving: (what type of ions)

Front 6

Myocyte interioter regain their resting negative state

Back 6

What happens when the myocyte interiors reploarize?

Front 7

SA Node

Back 7

The heart's dominate pacemaker

Front 8

SA Node

Back 8

The generator of pacemaking automaticity

Front 9

Automaticity foci

Back 9

Other areas in the heart that have automaticity are called

Front 10

P wave on EKG

Back 10

Atrial depolarization is recorded which wave on the EKG?

Front 11

Only conducting path between the atria and ventrcles

Back 11

Significants of the AV node (communication)

Front 12

Right side

Back 12

Location of the tricuspid valve

Front 13

Left side

Back 13

Location of the mitral valve

Front 14

Slow conduction through the AV Node is carried by calcium (Ca++) ions

Back 14

How is depolarization slowed between the Atria and Ventricles?

Front 15

To allow blood from the atria to pass through the AV valves and into the ventricles

Back 15

Why is depolarization slowed at the AV node?

Front 16

His Bundle

Back 16

Where does depolarization go afer the AV node?

Front 17

His Bundle

Back 17

Where does ventricular depolarization begin?

Front 18

Purkinje fibers

Back 18

What comprises the His Bunde and Bundle braches? (I.e. - what are the bundles?)

Front 19

Na+ ions

Back 19

What ions do the Purkinje fibers use to depolarize?

Front 20

Normally level with other areas of the baseline

Back 20

Where should the ST semgent lie in relation to the baseline?

Front 21

Final, "rapid" phase of ventricular repolarization

Back 21

What occurs during the T wave?

Front 22

With potassium (K+) ions

Back 22

How does reploarization occur?

Front 23

Begins with QRS and persists until the end of the T wave

Back 23

How long does ventricular systole last?

Front 24

The duration of the ventricular systole

Back 24

What does the QT interval represent?

Front 25

Represented by the P wave, QRS complex and T wave

Back 25

How is a cardiac cycle shown on EKG?

Front 26

One mm squares

Back 26

What are the smallest divisions on the ruled graph paper of an EKG?

Front 27

5 mm long

Back 27

Each larger square is bounded by heavy black lines and is how long?

Front 28

The direction in which a wave is recorded on EKG

Back 28

Definition of deflection

Front 29

The magnitude (in milimeters) of an upward or downward deflection

Back 29

Definition of amplitude

Front 30

.2 seconds

Back 30

What is the amount of time represented by the distance between two heavy black lines?

Front 31

12 leads

Back 31

Standard EKG is composed of how many leads?

Front 32

I, II, III, AVR, AVL, and AVF

Back 32

What are the limb leads?

Front 33

V1-V6

Back 33

What are the chest leads?

Front 34

Right arm, left arm and left leg

Back 34

Where are limb leads placed?

Front 35

2

Back 35

How many electrodes are used to record a lead?

Front 36

One positive, one negative

Back 36

Each limb lead consists of what type of electrodes?

Front 37

Horizontal, left arm electrode is +, right arm electrode is -

Back 37

Position and structure of lead I

Front 38

Left arm -, left leg +

Back 38

Structure of lead III

Front 39

Right arm -, left leg +

Back 39

Structure of lead II

Front 40

Foot electrode +, both arms -

Back 40

Structure of lead AVF

Front 41

Augmented voltage (left) foot

Back 41

What does AVF stand for?

Front 42

Right arm +, left arm and left leg -

Back 42

Structure of lead AVR

Front 43

Left arm +, right arm and left leg -

Back 43

Structure of lead AVL

Front 44

Bipolar

Back 44

Leads I, II and III are considered what type of limb lead?

Front 45

Unipolar

Back 45

Leads AVL, AVR and AVF are considered what type of limb lead?

Front 46

Flat "frontal" plane on the patient's chest

Back 46

All six limb leads meet to form six intersecting leads that lie in what position and where?

Front 47

Positive left arm electrode (I and AVL)

Back 47

Lateral leads are determined by:

Front 48

Positive left foot electrode. Leads II, III and AVF

Back 48

Inferior leads are determiend by:

Front 49

Positive electrode is placed on 6 different positions on the chest

Back 49

How are the 6 chest leads obtained?

Front 50

Horizontal

Back 50

What plane is the chest leads?

Front 51

Positive

Back 51

The electrode for each chest is always (positive or negative)

Front 52

Lead V2

Back 52

Which chest lead describes a straight line directly from front to the back of the patient?

Front 53

V1 and V2

Back 53

Which chest leads are considered "right" chest leads?

Front 54

V5 and V6

Back 54

Which chest leads are considered "left" chest leads?

Front 55

The ventricular septum

Back 55

Where are leads V3 and V4 located over?

Front 56

Sympathetic

Back 56

Nor-epinephrine and the ANS- is it parasympathetic or sympathetic?

Front 57

Parasympathetic

Back 57

Acetylcholine and the ANS- is it parasympathetic or sympathetic?

Front 58

60-100

Back 58

NSR is how many beats per minute

Front 59

300,150,100,75,60,50

Back 59

What are the breakdowns for rate (regular)

Front 60

Left atria

Back 60

Bachmann's bundle distributes depolarization to the: