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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the difference between sinus arrest and sinus block? |
A sinus arrest pause is not a multiple of the R-R interval. A sinus block pause, on the other hand, is a multiple of the R-R interval |
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What causes sinus arrhythmia? |
Usually by breathing patterns but in some cases can also be caused by heart disease |
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What is a foci? |
Irritable locations in the Atria where atrial rhythms are produced. |
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Atrial rhythms are also classified as ectopic rhythms, meaning they originate in a
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pacemaker outside the sinus node |
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This rhythm has at least three different shapes of P waves: |
Multifocal atrial tachycardia |
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This rhythm has at least three different shapes of P waves: |
Multifocal atrial tachycardia |
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What is PAT and what happens during the rhythm? |
PAT is a sudden burst of 3 or more PACs in a row resulting in the sudden “Stop and start” behavior of the rhythm. |
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What is the difference between atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation (3 points)? |
Atrial flutter is caused by the firing of ONE irritable atrial focus. Atrial fibrillation is caused by the firing of MULTIPLE irritable atrial focus’ from different locations. |
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What is the difference between atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation (3 points)? |
Atrial flutter is caused by the firing of ONE irritable atrial focus. Atrial fibrillation is caused by the firing of MULTIPLE irritable atrial focus’ from different locations. |
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What is SVT and list the steps for converting this rhythm (3 points):
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SVTs are tachycardias originating from above the ventricles in either the SA, AV node, and the AV junction. One way to convert this is via vagal manuevers such as gagging and coughing. |
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What is a common complication of atrial fibrillation? What can be done to |
prevent this from occurring? Blood clots forming due to atrial fibrillation. This can be prevented if treated with digitalist, beta blockers, etc...while the patient is still under duration of less than 48 hours. s, etc...while the patient is still under duration of less than 48 hours. |
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What is a common complication of atrial fibrillation? What can be done to |
prevent this from occurring? Blood clots forming due to atrial fibrillation. This can be prevented if treated with digitalist, beta blockers, etc...while the patient is still under duration of less than 48 hours. s, etc...while the patient is still under duration of less than 48 hours. |
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What is the distinguishing characteristic of wandering atrial pacemaker and |
what can cause this rhythm? It’s an example of a slow atrial arrhythmia. Occur when the pacemaking impulses originate from at least 3 different foci in the atria. Each focus produces its own unique P wave, resulting in a rhythm with at least 3 different shapes of P waves. |
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What is a common complication of atrial fibrillation? What can be done to |
prevent this from occurring? Blood clots forming due to atrial fibrillation. This can be prevented if treated with digitalist, beta blockers, etc...while the patient is still under duration of less than 48 hours. s, etc...while the patient is still under duration of less than 48 hours. |
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What is the distinguishing characteristic of wandering atrial pacemaker and |
what can cause this rhythm? It’s an example of a slow atrial arrhythmia. Occur when the pacemaking impulses originate from at least 3 different foci in the atria. Each focus produces its own unique P wave, resulting in a rhythm with at least 3 different shapes of P waves. |
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All rhythms that originate in a pacemaker other than the sinus node are called: |
ectopic rhythms |
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What is a common complication of atrial fibrillation? What can be done to |
prevent this from occurring? Blood clots forming due to atrial fibrillation. This can be prevented if treated with digitalist, beta blockers, etc...while the patient is still under duration of less than 48 hours. s, etc...while the patient is still under duration of less than 48 hours. |
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What is the distinguishing characteristic of wandering atrial pacemaker and |
what can cause this rhythm? It’s an example of a slow atrial arrhythmia. Occur when the pacemaking impulses originate from at least 3 different foci in the atria. Each focus produces its own unique P wave, resulting in a rhythm with at least 3 different shapes of P waves. |
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All rhythms that originate in a pacemaker other than the sinus node are called: |
ectopic rhythms |
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What is SVT and what are the steps in treating it? - |
SUPRAVENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA: adenosine, digitalis, ibutilide, (a medication to control atrial arrhythmias), calcium channel blockers, beta-blockers. Consider starting oxygen. Elective cardioversion can also be done if the patient is unstable. |
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What are the three different locations for the P waves in junctional rhythms and what do they look like in shape? |
Before - inverted During - not visible After - inverted |
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Why is the P wave inverted in a junctional rhythm?
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P wave is inverted because the impulse is going backwards to reach the atria |
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A junctional rhythm with a heart rate greater than 100 is:
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Junctional Tachycardia |
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A junctional rhythm with a heart rate less than 40 is:
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Junctional Bradycardia |
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How would you treat the rhythm in the previous question?
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Transcutaneous pacing |
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How would you treat the rhythm in the previous question?
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Transcutaneous pacing |
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What does adenosine do (explain what happens when you give the drug) (2 points)?
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decreases heart rate and reduces conduction velocity, especially at the AV node, which can produce atrioventricular block |
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How would you treat the rhythm in the previous question?
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Transcutaneous pacing |
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What does adenosine do (explain what happens when you give the drug) (2 points)?
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decreases heart rate and reduces conduction velocity, especially at the AV node, which can produce atrioventricular block |
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What does atropine do and how does it work? (3 points) What does atropine do and how does it work? (3 points) |
increasing firing of the sinoatrial node (SA) and conduction through the atrioventricular node (AV) of the heart, opposes the actions of the vagus nerve, blocks acetylcholine receptor sites, and decreases bronchial secretions |
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How long is a normal p wave and what happens during this pattern? |
It normally is between 0.12 and 0.2 seconds (three to five small boxes) in length P wave represents the depolarization of the atria |
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Which two rhythms have at least three different morphologies because of many irritable areas found in the atria?
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Wandering Atrial Pacemaker (WAP) |
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Compare and contrast the following: Compensatory pause
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Pause after a premature atrial complex that leaves space for the rhythm to maintain the same RR Non-compensatory pause Pause after a premature atrial complex but does not leave enough space to maintain the same RR interval |
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Compare and contrast the following: Compensatory pause
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Pause after a premature atrial complex that leaves space for the rhythm to maintain the same RR Non-compensatory pause Pause after a premature atrial complex but does not leave enough space to maintain the same RR interval |
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What is the normal P wave electrical axis?
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Upward |
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Compare and contrast the following: Compensatory pause
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Pause after a premature atrial complex that leaves space for the rhythm to maintain the same RR Non-compensatory pause Pause after a premature atrial complex but does not leave enough space to maintain the same RR interval |
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What is the normal P wave electrical axis?
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Upward |
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What are two causes of PVCs? - |
Heart disease, Hypokalemia, and Hypoxia |
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Which rhythm has no QRS complexes, but has a static wavy baseline? What is the treatment for this rhythm? - |
Ventricular Fibrillation. Treatment is defibrillation. |
