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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ortholog vs paralog |
Ortho: homologous genes, formed by speciation event (passed down) Para: gene copies, formed by gene duplications (within indiv/species) |
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Hox genes |
Found in all multicell org Control development, doesn't produce protein Have their own regulatory genes Highly conserved |
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Hox regulatory genes |
Can cause differences in when/where hox gene is turned on Can cause: Changes in structures Existing structures don't form Existing structures form in new places |
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Example of hox regulatory gene |
Ubx gene and abdominal leg growth Mutation inhibits dll > legs don't grow on abdomen > insects |
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Heterochrony example |
Human/giraffe neck Human/chimp skull/jaw |
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Heterotopy example |
Chicken/duck feet webbing during embryonic development (BMP-4) Mouse/chicken ribcages (Hoxc-6) |
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Sister taxa |
Groups that occupy adjacent branched link by a nodeHave equal taxonomic weight de |
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Hadean eon |
Formation of Earth Cooling of Earth Formation of oceans Formation of protobionts |
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Archean Eon |
Origin + radiation of prokaryotes Photosynthesis Aerobic respiration O2 increase in atmosphere |
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Proterozoic Eon |
Origin + radiation of eukaryotes Mitochondria Chloroplasts Simple multicellular organisms |
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Phanerozoic Eon |
Diversification of multicellular orgs 3 eras: Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic |
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Paleozoic Era |
Cambrian explosion 1st vertebrates, fish diversify Invasion of land Extensive fern forests 1st amphibians, reptiles, insects 1st gymnosperms Permian extinction |
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Cambrian explosion |
Rapid appearance + diversification if phyla @ start of Paleozoic era 3 fossil deposits explain sequence of events: Duoshantuo (proterozoic) Ediacaran (proterozoic) Burgess Shale (phanerozoic) |
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Duoshantuo fossils |
Southern China Microscopic fossils (tiny sponges, embryos) Likely all filter feeders |
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Ediacaran fossils |
Southern Australia Sponges, jellies, comb jellies, burrows + tracks No hard shells, limbs, heads w/ feeding appendages |
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Burgess shale |
British Columbia Abundant sponges, jellies, comb jellies Brand new animals with eyes, mouths, limbs, shells, feeding appendages Almost every modern phyla present |
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Mesozoic Era |
1st dinosaurs and mammals Gymnosperms radiate Dinosaurs radiate Cretaceous Extinction |
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Cenozoic Era |
Radiation of flowering plants and insects Radiation of mammals Appearance of homonids |
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Permian extinction |
248mya, largest of all mass extinctions, ~90% species lost Big losers: pelycosaurs, trilobites, placoderms |
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Cretaceous extinction |
65mya, 85% all species lost Big losers: dinosaurs, marine reptiles |
