Earth Science

Front 1

What consists of solids, liquids and gasses?

Back 1

The Atmosphere.

Front 2

What are the 3 main gasses?

Back 2

78% = Nitrogen, 21% = Oxygen, 0.036% Carbon Dioxide.

Front 3

How do you find the layers of the atmosphere?

Back 3

Divide by temperature which clues you to composition.

Front 4

What goes from 0-18km, closest to the earth and is where all the weather happens?

Back 4

Troposphere.

Front 5

What is the temperature of the top of the troposphere?

Back 5

About 55 degrees Celsius.

Front 6

What is 18-50km high, is clear and dry and has temperatures that rise because of the Ozone layer?

Back 6

Stratosphere.

Front 7

What is about 50-80km high, and has temperatures that drop.

Back 7

Mesosphere. (middle layer)

Front 8

What is about 80-500km high, is a warm layer because is has oxygen and nitrogen which absorb heat?

Back 8

Thermosphere.

Front 9

What are ions that bounce back radio reception. Without this layer, radio waves would be cut short.

Back 9

Ionosphere.

Front 10

What is movement of heat by electromagnetic waves called?

Back 10

Radiation. Heat moves from something warm to something cooler.

Front 11

What is it called when heat is transferred by touch?

Back 11

Conduction. Transfers heat from the surface to the air above.

Front 12

What is it called when heat moves because of density differences?

Back 12

Convection. Lifts the air through the atmosphere.

Front 13

As the air rises, temperature expands and cools. It decreases with height.

Back 13

Altitude.

Front 14

What is it called when land and the air right above it cools quickly?

Back 14

Inversions. The upper layer of air is warmer, so the cooler denser air is trapped.

Front 15

What is it called when the suns rays don't hit the earth evenly?

Back 15

Seasons. The higher the sun is in the sky, the more direct radiation.

Front 16

What are the warmest months?

Back 16

The sun is stronger in June, but July is warmer.

Front 17

What are the warmest hours?

Back 17

Noon = when the sun is highest in the sky. But afternoon is warmer.

Front 18

Which heats and cools faster? Land or water?

Back 18

Land. Continents have more extreme temperatures through the year.

Front 19

What is an instrument that measures temperature called?

Back 19

Thermometer.

Front 20

What is the most accurate but dangerous when broken and is no good below -40 degrees Celsius.

Back 20

Mercury Thermometers. Turns into a metal liquid at room temperature and expands as it's heated.

Front 21

What type of thermometer goes down to -29 degrees Celsius, Is clear but dyed red or blue?

Back 21

Alcohol.

Front 22

What type of thermometer shows the highest and lowest temperatures throughout the day?

Back 22

Max/Min Thermometer.

Front 23

What type of thermometer is a maximum thermometer that has a constriction that keeps liquid from flowing back to quickly called?

Back 23

Fever.

Front 24

What type of temperature is based on water?

Back 24

Fahrenheit. Water temperatures freeze at 32 degrees Celsius and boils at 212 degrees Celsius.

Front 25

What type of temperature goes from 0, which = freezing, to 100, which = boiling?

Back 25

Celsius.

Front 26

What type of temperature is that same as Celsius but considers absolute zero?

Back 26

Kelvin.

Front 27

What are lines that connect at at equal points of temperature, shift, faster over continents, with the seasons,

Back 27

Isotherms.

Front 28

What is it called when water from the ground escapes into the atmosphere?

Back 28

Evaporation.

Front 29

What is the amount of water vapor in the air, measured by grams of water vapor per kilogram of air, called?

Back 29

Specific Humidity and Capacity.

Front 30

What tells how near the air is to it's maximum capacity for holding water vapor?

Back 30

Relative Humidity.

Front 31

What has different reactions to the humidity in the air?

Back 31

Hair.

Front 32

What consists of two thermometers, dry-bulb and wet-bulb and works on principle that evaporation causes cooling?

Back 32

Sling Psychrometer.

Front 33

What changes from a gas to a liquid when the relative humidity reaches 100% the capacity is complete?

Back 33

Condensation.

Front 34

What is it called when the air becomes saturated?

Back 34

Dew point.

Front 35

What are 2 requirements for condensation?

Back 35

#1 Cooling. #2 Condensation nuclei - dust particles needed for water to cling to.

Front 36

What forms when air cools below the dew point?

Back 36

Dew and Frost.

Front 37

What is condensation around condensation nuclei at ground level called?

Back 37

Fog.

Front 38

How do clouds form?

Back 38

Air rises and cools until it reaches the dew point then the vapor clings to condensation nuclei and forms a cloud.

Front 39

What type of cloud is high, thin and feathery?

Back 39

Cirrus.

Front 40

What type of cloud is flat layered?

Back 40

Stratus.

Front 41

What type of cloud is thick and puffy?

Back 41

Cumulus.

Front 42

What type of cloud is middle height clouds?

Back 42

Alto.

Front 43

What type of cloud means rain?

Back 43

Nimbus.

Front 44

What type of cloud are thunderstorm clouds?

Back 44

Cumulonimbus.

Front 45

What are small drops that combine to form larger drips called?

Back 45

Formation of raindrops. If it's cold, ice crystals grow.

Front 46

What is liquid water falling from the sky called?

Back 46

Rain.

Front 47

What are six-sided ice crystals called?

Back 47

Snow.

Front 48

What is it called when rain falls through cold air?

Back 48

Sleet.

Front 49

What are ice crystals that collect vapor, rise through clouds, refreezes, then falls and collects more vapor called?

Back 49

Hail. Forms in thunderstorms.

Front 50

What do you need a rain gauge for?

Back 50

Measuring precipitation.

Front 51

What are the 3 places it rains?

Back 51

1. On the windward sides of mountains. 2. A storm center, fronts, and hurricanes. 3. Equator.

Front 52

What are 3 places of little rain?

Back 52

1. Lee ward sides of mountains. 2. High pressure areas. 3. The poles and 30 degrees North and South.