Ear Cards

Front 1

1. What is the function of the pinna?

Back 1

Collects and focuses sound waves toward the tubelike external auditory meatu

Front 2

1. What is the structure of the external auditory meatus?

Back 2

1. It is a tube that runs from the pinna into the ear
2. It has elastic cart surrounding it at the first 1/3 and bone surrounding it in last 2/3

Front 3

1. How does is the histological structure of the external auditory meatus different and similar from the pinna?

Back 3

* Same overall structure: elastic tissue covered by skin
* In the skin the sweat glands have been swapped out. They contain cermuminous glands which excrete wax

Front 4

Back 4

auditory meatus

Front 5

Back 5

auditory meatus

* Cubodial to low columnar secretory cells filled with yellow cerumen
* Flattened myepithelial cell

Front 6

1. What are the layers of the tympanic membrane?

Back 6

* Outer epidermis of stratified squamous epithelium
* Middle dense connective tissue
* Inner cuboidal epithelium

Front 7

Back 7

tympanic membrane

Front 8

1. What is the portion of the tympanic membrane that connects to the ossicles of the middle ear?

Back 8

* Pars flaccida

Front 9

What bone encases the middle ear

Back 9

1. Temporal bone

Front 10

1. What is the name of the cavity right aver the tympanic membrae?

Back 10

he tympatic cavity

Front 11

1. What should fill the middle ear?

Back 11

1. Air

Front 12

1. Where does this cavity connect to on the anterior side and where does this cavity connect to on the posterior side?

Back 12

* Super important for KEEPING the middle ear air filled. Allows fluid to drain out
* Forces air in

Front 13

1. What kind of cell lines the tympanic cavity? How does this change throughout the cavity>

Back 13

* The cavity is lined with simple squamous or cubodial epithelium with a very thin lamina propria binding to the epithelium to the periosteum of the temporal bone or ossicles
*
* As the lining goes down into the auditory tube you get a change to the respiratory epithelium (pseudostratified columnar)
*

Front 14

1. What connects the middle ear to the inner ear?

Back 14

* Round window and the oval window

Front 15

What bones are housed in the middle ear?

Back 15

* Connects with the tympatic membrane
* Also has a tensor tympani muscle (skeletal muscle complete with its own synovial joint)
* Connects the malleus and the stapes
* Connects with the inner ear. Its insertion on the membrane of the inner ear forms the oval window
* The stapedius muscle connects to it

Front 16

* What is the function of the muscles of the inner ear?

Back 16

* During loud noises they pull bones apart so they cannot damage the ear

Front 17

What does the boney labyrinth consist of?

Back 17

1. Two interconnected compartments: the vestibule and the cochlea

Front 18

What do the chocolea and the vestibule do and what nerves do they do it with?

Back 18

1. Cochlea transmits auditory information to the brain via cochlear division of CN VIII
2. Transmits proprioceptive information to the brain via the vestibular division of CN VIII

Front 19

1. What is found inside the bony labyrinth?

Back 19

1. Tube within a tube structure. Inside the bony labyrinth there is membranous labyrinth

Front 20

What is the central cavity called in the bony labryinth? What arises from here?

Back 20

1. Central cavity = vetibule
2. Saccule and utricle arise from the vestibule
3. Semicircular canals arise from the utricle
4. Cochlea arises from other side of vestibule

Front 21

What cell types makes up the membranous labryinth?

Back 21

1. Lined by layer of simple squamous epithelium
2. Some cells differentiate into special snesory columnar epithelium called hair cells
3. Contains ENDOlympth (high K+, Low Na)

Front 22

1. What substance is contained in the bony labryinth

Back 22

1. Perilymph made by periosteum

Front 23

1. What makes up the vestibular appartius?

Back 23

Utricle, accule and the semicircular canals

Front 24

1. What kinds of cell hair types are found in the vestibular system?

Back 24

1. Type 1 hair cells: goblet shaped cells surrounded by afferent nerve endings
2. Type 2 hair cells: are columnar and contact both afferent and efferent nerve endings
3. Support cells: are columnar with basal nuclei, lie between hair cells, and produce the glycoprotein-rich gelatinous layer that covers the sensory epithelium

Front 25

What is the kinocilium

Back 25

1. The longest hair on the sensory hair cells
2. If mechanical stimulus goes towards it, you will open K+ channels, away close

Front 26

1. What makes up the vestibule?

Back 26

1. Utricle and accule

Front 27

1. What is the macula?

Back 27

1. A sensory unit found in saccule and utricle
2. It is an oval shaped region of sensory epithelium which the hair cell's sterocilia extending upward into a gelatinous layer
3. The gelatinous layer is covered by tiny rock like crystals made up of otoliths which move and shift when the head moves (makes up the otlith membrane)

Front 28

1. What kinds of sensory input do the vestibule respond to?

Back 28

1. Linear acceleration (vertical, horizontal), gravity, and tilt

Front 29

1. Histologically how does the macula appear?

Back 29

Simple squamous epithelium on either side lining boney labryinth and then you are going to get the two types of hair cells

Front 30

What is A

Back 30

Macula

Front 31

1. What is the semicircular canal's version of a macula? What is different about it?

Back 31

1. Crista ampullaris. Cells are arranged in ridges (cristae) rather than buttosn. There is a gelatinous layer called the cupla that surrounds it and it has no otoliths

Front 32

Back 32

Crista ampullaris

Front 33

What is the funciton of the semicircular canals?

Back 33

1. Rotation of the head

Front 34

1. What are the different regions of the cochlea?

Back 34

1. The upper chamber that reaches the oval window
2. Lower chamber that ends at the round window. Connects to the scala vestibuli via the helicotrema
3. This is the membranous labyrinth section of the cochlea
4. Where we have endolymph
5. Where we have our sensory organs

Front 35

1. What are the vestibular and basilar membranes? The spiral ligament and the stria vascularis?

Back 35

1. Spiral ligament : forms outwall of cochlear duct
2. Near lateral wall of duct

Front 36

Back 36

Front 37

1. What helps us differentiate the different pitches?

Back 37

1. The basilar membrane increases in width from base to its apex
2. Locate and identify the sensory components of the ear on a micrograph

Front 38

1. What organ in the ear picks up the vibration and how does it do that?

Back 38

1. The spiral organ/organ of corti
2. Transduces mechanical stimuli into electric signals
3. Hair cells rest on basilar membrane with their stereocilia extending into overlying tectorial membrane

Front 39

1. What is the difference in stereocilia in organ of corti?

Back 39

1. No kinocilium