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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What trigger allergic/hypersensitivity reaction? |
Complete antigen (large molecule) Incomplete antigen (small molecule like Haptens) which combine with body protein |
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Target of allergies |
Skin Respiratory tract GI tract Blood |
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Anaphylactic |
Binding of allergen with specific antibody on mast cell |
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Anaphylactic reaction |
1. antigen trigger production of IgE by B cell. 2. IgE bind to the surface of mast cell. 3. antigen brides the gap between two antibody molecules, degradation of the cell. 4. histamine/other mediators released. 5. permeability and distension of blood capillaries increase by histamine. |
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List of mediator release |
Histamine Leukotrienes Prostaglandins Bradykinin |
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Major site of histamine release |
Mast cells concentrated in skin,lungs, GIT |
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Allergen causes asthma act on |
respiratory tract |
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Asthma characterized by |
Chest tightness Wheezing Shortness of breath Coughing Recurrent reversible obstruction of the airways Constriction of smooth muscle airways |
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What trigger asthma |
Smokes Vigorous activites Ticks + Dust |
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Biphasic attack |
Symptoms of an anaphylactic reaction can return anywhere from 1 to 72 hours after the first attack. |
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Immediate biphasic attack cause |
Spasm ( involuntary contraction of muscle ) of smooth muscle |
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Late biphasic attack phase cause |
acute inflammatory reaction |
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Treatment for asthma |
Relievers Preventers Symptom controllers |
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Relievers contains |
short acting beta agonist Eg: orciprenaline (alupent ) Terbutaline (bricanyl) |
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Symptom controller contains |
long acting beta agonists Eg: Salmeteron (Serevent) |
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Preventers contains |
Steroids and leukotriene antagonist |
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Allergic rhinitis can characterized into two which is |
seasonal allergic rhinitis perennial allergic |
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Allergens of allergic rhinitis act on |
Nasal mucosa |
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Treatment for allergic rhinitis |
Antihistamine (H1, antagonists) Terfenadine Fexofenadine Loratadine Cetirizine Steroids |
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Urticaria also call as |
Hives |
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Allergens for urticaria act on |
Skin ( upper dermis ) |
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Urticaria triggered by |
allergens (milk,cheeses,egg) drugs synthetic products ( deodorant ) emotional factors ( stress ) |
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Treatment for urticaria
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allergen avoidance antihistamines |
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Predictable adverse drug reactions are |
dose dependent effect dependent on pharmacology of drug steep dose-response curve/narrow therapeutic |
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Non-predictable adverse drug reactions |
not dose dependent allergic requires prior exposure |
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Classification of Hypersensitivity Reaction |
1. type I reaction (anaphylaxis, immediate hypersensitivity) 2. type II reaction (cytotoxic reactions) 3. type III reaction (immune complex reaction) 4. type IV reaction (cell mediated or delayed hypersensitivity reactions) |
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What is an idiosyncratic reaction?
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Abnormal susceptibility to drug/protein to the individual
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