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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is an Independent variable?
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the independent variable is the variable altered by the experimenter
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What is a dependent variable?
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the dependent variable is the variable that is what is measured as a result of changing the independent variable
ex. Grow plants under varying amounts of sunlight (independent variable). How much they grow is the dependent variable. |
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What is preferred, active or placebo control in experimental research design?
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Placebo control is preferred but not always possible
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What are the two types of Randomized Control Design?
Describe a Parallel-group design |
Parallel and Cross Over
Participants are randomized and grouped into treatment and control groups. They are then grouped into 2 groups based upcome outcome |
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What is the difference between an Parallel design and a Randomized Control Design?
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In Cross over design, participants are again randomized and put into either a treatment or control group. Now once they have reached an outcome, they are switched to the other group.
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Name the 3 characteristics of by external validity.
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1) Applicability to the population
2) Ability to apply the results in practice 3) Can be used for patient care |
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Name the 3 characteristics of internal validity.
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1) Within the parameters of the study, the results are accurate and support the interpretation
2) Design of the study is of high quality 3) Study population is homogeneous |
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Name the 3 methods of randomization.
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1) Random-number generator
2) Block Randomization 3) Stratified |
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Name 4 sources of bias.
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Patient bias (hawthorne effect)
Investigator bias Attrition bias - Subjects are lost to follow up or are non-compliant in a manner that is not random with regard to assignment Allocation bias (nonrandom allocation) |
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What is the difference between Intention to treat analysis and Per-protocol analysis?
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In Intention to Treat analysis, everyone is part of the trial whether they finish or not.
In Per-protocol analysis, only those who finish the study are considered part of the trial. |
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What is the difference between Non-inferiority and Superiority trials?
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Superiority - Null hypothesis is that NO difference exists
Alternative hypothesis - a difference exists Non-inferiority - Null hypothesis is that a difference exists Alternative hypothesis - no difference exists |
