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45 Cards in this Set
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Bethanechol
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cholinergic
contraction of smooth muscle in tx of urinary retention |
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Neostigmine
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Cholinergic
(Reversible indirect action)Inhibits the breakdown of acetylcholine. Acetylcholine remains in the synapse. Inhibits cholinesterase enxyme Improves muscle strength in myasthenia gravis. Prevents post operative urinary retention or ileus Reverses nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers. Acts indirectly by binding to cholinesterase which breaks down acetylcholine. |
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Edrophonium
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Cholinergic
(Tensilon) is similar and is used to diagnose Myasthenia gravis. (Tensilon test.) |
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Organophosphates
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Cholinergic
Irreversible anti-cholinesterase agent. Produces excessive stimulation of muscarinic and nicotinic cholinergic receptors. Cholinesterase is inactivated and acetylcholine remains in the cholinergic synapses. |
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Atropine
two uses Site of action IV dose |
Anticholinergic
1. treatment of bradycardia 2. Causes cycloplegia Blocks parasympathetic vagal stimulation. Affects the cardiac sinoatrial node. |
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Epinephrine
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Adrenergic
Management of airway disease, allergic reaction and cardiac arrest. |
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Norepinephrine
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Adrenergic
Increase BP, cardiac output in shock. Causes contraction of arterial smooth muscle |
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Dopamine
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Adrenergic
Increase BP, cardiac output in shock and renal flow. |
Dose dependant response.
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Albuterol
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Adrenergic
Beta 2 agonist Bronchodilation |
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Clonidine
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Adrenergic
Alpha 2 agonist Centrally acting to decrease blood pressure. |
Used in alcohol withdrawal to reduce blood pressure response.
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Clonidine
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Adrenergic
Alpha 2 agonist Centrally acting to decrease blood pressure. Decreases the effect of the sympathetic nervous system |
Used in alcohol withdrawal to reduce blood pressure response.
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Doxazosin (Cardura)
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Anti-adrenergic
Treatment of hypertension Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) Causes Vasodilation. Blocks alpha 1 adrenergic receptors. |
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Propranolol
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Antiadrenergic
Management of hypertension Angina Arrhythmias Decreases heart rate and contractility. Receptor type: Beta 1 and beta 2 |
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Labetalol
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Antiadrenergic
Antianginal, anti-hypertension Blocks stimulation of myocardial and pulmonary receptor sites. Receptor type: Beta 1, Beta 2 and Alpha 1 |
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Atenolol
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Antiadrenergic
Management of hypertension Heart rate. Selective for Beta 1, (myocardial) receptors. |
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Oxybutynin (Ditropan)
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Anticholinergic
Treatment of neurogenic bladder,frequency, urgency, nocturia, incontinence. Used for post prostate resection Blocks acetylcholine in the bladder walls and sphincter so the bladder is less irritable. urinary tract antispasmodic. |
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Hyoscyamine (Levsin)
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Anticholinergic
Use: Control of GI, irritable bowel pain Inhibits acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors. |
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Procainamide
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To maintain NSR after conversion
Ventricular ectopic beats Ventricular tachycardia Slows conduction velocity. Prolongs refractory period. |
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Quinidine
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Sodium channel blocker
To maintain NSR after conversion. Ventricular ectopic beats Ventricular tachycardia Slows conduction velocity. Prolongs refractory period. |
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Lidocaine
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Sodium channel blocker
Supresses Ventricular arrhythmias Little or no effect on heart rate. |
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Propranolol (Inderal)
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Antiadrenergic
Management of angina, supraventricular tachycardia, atrial fibrillation/flutter and PSVT. Blocks the sympathetic nervous system effect on the SA and AV nodes. increasing the refractory period. |
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Esmolol
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Management of supraventricular tachycardia,
atrial fibrillation/flutter Blocks the sympathetic nervous system effect on the SA and AV nodes |
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Amiodarone
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Potassium channel blocker
IV use for Ventricular fibrillation/tachycardia. PO use for recurrent ventricular tachycardia and to maintain NSR with atrial fibrillation/flutter. Potassium cant get back into the cell, so slows repolarization. |
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Diltiazem (Cardizem)
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Calcium channel blocker
IV for PSVT Supraventrical tachycardia Atrial fib/flutter (ACLS) Angina Slows conduction and prolongs refractory period |
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Verapamil
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Calcium channel blocker
Angina PO for chronic suppression of PSVT and atrial fibrillation/flutter. Slows conduction and prolongs refractory period |
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Adenosine (Adenocard)
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Antiarrhythmic
Use: Restore NSR after PSVT . MOA: Reduces conduction of AV node. |
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Nitroglycerin
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Antianginal, Nitrate
Use: Angina and episodic chest pain. MOA: Dilates smooth muscle. Decreases pre and afterload. Converts to nitric oxide which activates enzyme for cGMP. Causes decrease of Ca in smooth muscle. |
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Isosorbide dinitrate (Isordil)
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Antianginal, Nitrate
Tx of angina and chronic CHF Vasodialation |
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Diltiazem
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Calcium channel blocker
Used to treat angina by dilating coronary artery and reducing work load of the heart. Used for A. fib/flutter Hypertension to decrease peripheral vascular resistance. |
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Dopamine
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Adrenergic
Dose dependant: Produce renal vasodialtion Cardiac stimulation (Inotropic, increasing force) Renal vasoconstriction |
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Propofol (Diprivan)
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General anesthetic
Balanced general anesthesia, Conscious sedation Deep sedation. |
fast acting,
full effect in 1-3 minutes. Distribution half life is 2-8 minutes Elimination half life is 30-60 |
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Halothane (Fluothane)
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general anesthesia with rapid induction, rapid recovery.
No analgesic effect. Doesnt irritate the mucosa. Can only be used one time. |
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Isoflurane (Forane)
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General anesthesia with rapid induction, rapid recovery.
No analgesic effect. No cardiac dysrhythmias or hepatotoxicity. Doesnt irritate the mucosa. |
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Nitrous Oxide
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Use: Analgesic,
weak anesthetic, Few adverse effects. It cannot produce surgical anesthesia by itself. |
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Midazolam (Versed)
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Benzodiazepine
Short acting Reduces doses of opioid needed. Used for preoperative sedation induction and in general anesthesia. Maintenance of anesthesia in short procedures. Rapid onset and short duration. |
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Alfentanil (Alfenta)
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Opioid analgaesic
A fast acting opioid analgesic, anesthetic. |
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Succinylcholine (Anectine)
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Neuromuscular blocking agent
Blocks the effect of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction. Used to produce skeletal muscle paralysis. Paralizes muscles of respiration, |
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Pancuronium (Pavulon)
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Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker.
It is used for general anesthesia, intubation,compliance in mechanical ventilation. Reversed by neostigmine lasts about 60 minutes. Blocks the effect of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction |
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Vecuronium (Norcuron)
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Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker.
Used for intubation facilitating compliance in mechanical ventilation. It is reversed by neostigmine, lasts about 15-30 minutes. Blocks the effect of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction so there is no muscle contraction. |
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Bupivacaine (Marcaine)
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Anesthetic used in epidural.
Inhibits sensory nerve impulse by altering influx of sodium and efflux of potassium. Slows or stops pain sensation. |
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Atropine
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anticholinergic
Prevent vagal effects during anesthesia (bradycardia, hypotension) Dries secretions. |
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List the colinergic drugs
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Bethanechol
Neostigmine Edrophonium |
BNE
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List the anticholinergic drugs
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Atropine
Hyoscyamine Oxybutynin |
AHO
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List 4 nursing actions for anticholinergics
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1. Observe for tachycardia
2. CNS stimulation followed by CNS depression 3. Constipation 4. Urinary retention |
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List nursing actions for cholinergic drugs
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Observe for theraputic effects
Micturation Increadsed muscle strenth in myasthenia gravis |
Neostigmine
Bethanechol Edrophonium |