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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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.A 25--‐year--‐old male patient “took a sick blow” to his right shoulder after colliding into a tree narrowing while mountain biking. The patient’s right arm is hanging by his right side in pronation and
Medial rotation. The patient’s clavicle, right arm and shoulder x--‐rays do not reveal a fracture or dislocation. What are the common causes of Erb--‐Duchenne palsy? Where is the brachial plexus insult with Erb--‐ Duchenne palsy? |
from traction or tear of the upper trunk of the brachial plexus (C5 and C6 roots)- (no biceps) following a blow to shoulder or traction of head away from left shoulder during delivery
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A 66--‐year--‐old male crashes on his motorcycle and suffers a head injury that leaves him in a coma. Prior to this injury the man was met with his lawyer to write out specific instructions in case an
Event like this happened. What is it that this man and his lawyer put together? |
written advanced directive- living will
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how many umbilical vessels are there?
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3- 2 arteries and 1 vein
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Which umbilical vessel has the highest oxygen content?
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Umbilical vein supplies oxygenated blood from placenta to fetus- drains into IVC
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A 27- year old is experiencing 1--‐2 panic attacks every month for the past 3 months.You choose to use a benzodiazepine as needed, in combination with cognitive behavioral therapy. How does the mechanism of benzodiazepines
differ from the mechanism of barbiturates? |
Both work at GABA A but have different receptor sites to open Cl channel. Barbituates increase duration of Cl channel opening while benzodiazepines increase frequency of Cl channel opening
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What toxicities of barbituates can be fatal?
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· Toxicities of barbiturates include respiratory- hypoventilation and cardiovascular depression= bradycardia
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You are examining an 84--‐year--‐old woman who has just come into the hospital for a suspected CHF exacerbation. What heart sound is associated with dilated congestive heart failure?
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S3
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What heart sound is associated with chronic hypertension?
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S4- due to stiff LV
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A 47--‐year--‐old woman with metastatic small bowel tumors is on octreotide to control her carcinoid syndrome. What is the cause of carcinoid syndrome?
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· carcinoid syndrome-caused by neuroendocrine tumors which secrete high levels of serotonin ( 5-HT)
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Pt comes in reporting bronchospasm and diarrhea. They have a history of rightsided valve disease and in your office their face appears very flushed. You are an amazing doctor! What do you think they have?
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carcinoid syndrome- BDFR- brochospasm, diarrhea, flushing, right sided heart failure
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what anticancer drug is given for estrogen- sensitive breast cancers
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tamoxifen and raloxifene - SERM receptor antagonists
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What anticancer drug is an s-phase antimetabolite; and its myelosuppression is reversible with leucovorin
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methotrexate
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What anticancer drug is an s-phase antimetabolite, and myelosuppression is not reversible with leucovorin
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5-fluroruracil
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which anticancer drug is Ototoxic and nephrotoxic (much like aminoglycosides and loop diuretics)
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cisplatin and carboplatin
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What anticancer agents are known to cause pulmonary fibrosis
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busulfan and bleomycin
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Which anticancer agents inhibit topoisomerase II?
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Etoposide, teniposide
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a 25 year old is having wisdom tooth surgery and gets hallucinations and dreams she is being attacked by bugs while being in an airplane. What anesthetic did they give her?
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ketamine!
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A 23 year old is suspected of having GERD. What anesthetic would you use for the endoscopy?
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midazolam
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You need to put someone under quick what do you use for anesthetic?
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propofol
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You are operating with McDreamy from greys anatomy (neurosurgeon) what anesthetic is he probably using?
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thopental-barbituates- decreases cerebral brain flow
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A 60--‐year--‐old male long--‐time patient of yours comes to your office complaining of sexual dysfunction. What is your immediate differential diagnosis?
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Drugs- antihypertensives, neuroleptics- psychosis and schizo, SSRIs, ethanol, b blockers
Diseases-depression, diabetes Psychological- performance anxiety, not attracted to partner Homones- low testosterone and hyperprolactinemia |
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You are daydreaming about 2nd year and remember Dr. leonard talked about horseshoe kidney. Where are the inferior poles caught on? Do they have normal kidney function?
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inferior mesenteric artery with normal kidney function
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A kidney transplant patient begins to experience renal failure seven years after receiving her kidney transplant. What type of rejection is this, and how is it mediated?
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chronic rejection- T cell and antibody mediated causing damaging fibrosis
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You are doing research with a neonatalogist in Chicago and he talks to you about a baby with Tetrology of Fallot. What does this baby have?
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Pulmonary stenosis
RVH Overriding aorta VSD ..PROVe is the mnemoic |
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You are an amazing OB pregnant with your second child and 5 cm dilated. Someone mentions a baby in another room having tetrology of fallot. You remember the cause before your next contraction. The cause is...
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anterosuperior displacement of the infudibular septum
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what GI ligamnet Separates the greater and lesser sacs
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gastrohepatic
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what GI ligament May be cut during surgery to access the lesser sac
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gastrohepatic
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2 ligaments that connect the spleen to other structures
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splenorenal and gastrosplenic
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GI ligament in the portal triad
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hepatoduodenal
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The star high school athlete in the small town where you work suddenly dies of HCM. The family wants answers. What is the cause of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
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Genetic mutations encoding sarcometric proteins causing inherited myocyte disarray and hypertrophy :
B myosin heavy chain Cardiac troponin T Alpha tropomyosin Myosin binding protein C its autosomal dominant with variant expressivity |
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What is PPAR--‐gamma and how is it relevant to diabtetes treatment?
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it causes differentiation in fat cells- adipogenesis
regulates fatty acid storage and glucose metabolism glitazones work by PPAR-gamma agonists |
