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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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- Gideon Mantell
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credited with discovering the first fossils identified as originating from the dinosaur | which were teeth belonging to an Iguanodon in 1822
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- William Buckland
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wrote the first full account of a fossil dinosaur | discovered the fossil bones of a giant reptile which he named Megalosaurus (great lizard) (theropod) in 1824
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- Richard Owen
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established British Museum of Natural History | hated Darwin | kept Mantell’s skeleton in a museum case | concluded that the bones of Iguanodon, Megalosaurus and Hylaeosaurus were not lizards but represented a distinct tribe or sub-order of Saurian Reptiles | named this taxon the Dinosauria in 1842
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- Mary Anning
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started mining sea-side cliffs in 1810 when father died of TB | in 1811 found first Ichthyosaur | in 1821 she discovered the first plesiosaur | in 1828 she discovered the first pterodactylus | in 1846 she was made honorary member of the Geological Society of London (no women were allowed)
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- Joseph Leidy
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father of American Vertebrate Paleontology described the first relatively complete dinosaur skeleton Hadrosaurus, and it was reconstructed as upright bipedal |
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- Edward Drinker Cope
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born into a wealthy family | studied under Leidy | based in the Academy of Natural Sciences and Univ. of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia
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- Othniel Charles Marsh
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studied in Europe, founded Peabody Museum at Yale (which is named after his rich uncle) | first professor of paleontology at Yale | his collectors discovered
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Stegosaurus, Allosaurus, Brontosaurus that he was the first to describe | BONE WARS
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1870’s-1890’s
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- Roy Chapman Andrews
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real “Indiana Jones” | started mopping floors in AMNH in 1906 | dreamed of an expedition to Mongolia | had to raise $250,000 ($210 million today) | leader of the Central Asiatic Expeditions | 5 between 1922-1930 | found Protoceratops, Oviraptor, Velociraptor | nests of eggs |
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- John Ostrom
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1928-2005 | Yale University | Deinonychus, warm-blooded dinosaurs, meat eating | explored the lower Cretaceous dinosaur bearing strata along the Montana-Wyoming border
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- Kevin Padian
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UC Berkley | his arean of interests is in vertebrate evolution especially the orgins of flight and the evolution of birds from the theropod dinosaurs | Pterosaur flight, Theropods
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- Robert Bakker
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challenged paleontological orthodoxy by arguing the case for warm-blooded (homeothermic) and active dinosaurs that were muh more bird like in their biology and behavior than many had previously envisioned | Preacher, character, started Dinosaur Renaissance | Model for Dr. Robert Burke in “The Lost World
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- Jack Horner
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Museum of the Rockies | discovered and named the Maiasaura, providing the first clear evidence that some dinosaurs cared for their young (communal nesting) | dinosaur growth rates | Model for Alan Grant, Jurassic Park
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- Greg Erickson
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FSU | Dinosaur and avian growth rates, jaw mechanics
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- Paul Sereno
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Univ. of Chicago | expeditions to Argentina and Africa | discovered the first Herrerasaurus, Eoraptor, Afrovenator, Carcharodontosaurus,
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- Tim Rowe
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UT Austin | DigiMorph
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- Sankar Chatterjee
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Texas Tech Univ. | Upper Triassic Archosaurs
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- Dinosaur Taxonomy
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divided into 2 clades based on hips
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- 2 great clades of dinosauria
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Saurischia and Ornithischia
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- Theropods
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one of the two main clades of saurischian dinosaurs
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Characteristics of theropods
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- ORNITHISCHIANS
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Ornithopods
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o Lesothosaurus
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big dental cavity on head
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o Ornithopod Characters
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Hadrosaursids divided into 2 groups
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- Scelidosaurus
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also from the Early Jurassic, was larger (4+ m).
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- Stegosaurs
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"Plated Lizards" Middle-Late Jurassic, medium-sized (up to 9 m) quadrupedal herbivores
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- Stegosaurus
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Late Jurassic (7 m) typified by the double row of large "leaf-shaped" bony plates down its back and at least 2 pairs of spikes on its tail. The armor also included numerous small knob-like plates scattered over the rest of the skin.
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- Huanyangosaurus
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Middle Jurassic, China, relatively small (4.3 m) with spike-shaped armor along the midline and small armor plates along each side
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- Kentrosaurus
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Late Jurassic,Tanzania, slightly larger (5 m) stegosaurid, with the more typical low skull. A double row of plates down its neck and upper back, 8 pairs of spike over its hips and tail.
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- Stegosaur brains
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are small 56 ml larger than walnut (10-20 ml Larger than cat (30 ml)
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- Ankylosaurs
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short-limbed, armor-plated thyreophorans with long wide bodies rather like tanks.
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o The group is currently divided into subgroups
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Nodosaurids and the Ankylosaurids, primarily separated by skull and body armor characters
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Nodosaurids
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narrow skulls that lacked armor or spines at back edge, presence of spines in their dorsal armor, lack of a tail club
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Ankylosaurids
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short armored heads, horns at back corners, complex nasal passages, few or no spines on body armor, tail club used for defense | A typical genus is Ankylosaurus (7.5 m., Late Cretaceous).
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- Ceratopsians
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Teeth had broad, flat wear surface and were placed inset from sides of skull, suggesting cheek pouches. Gastroliths also present. Hind limb, longer than fore limb, had four toes. Short neck and long tail with ossified tendons along back and in hip region.
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o Important features include
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reduction to 3 fingers, rostral bone in skull, narrow beak, flaring cheek bones with distinct ridge, frill on back of skull
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o Divided into two groups
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o FREQUENCY OF IMPACTORS
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- Other evidence
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- Results
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- Potentially “fossilizable” features related to metabolism
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answer
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all of the above they are bipedal carnivorous saurischians
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B twin head crests, this ceratosaurus did not have a tooth gap poison glands and frill were fabrications in Jurassic park
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D juvenile, he is difficult to place within the therapods so he may be a generic younger dinosaur of a species that had yet to differentiate itself
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A fin on back, supported by neural columns, also largest predator, was a carnosaur
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D coelurosaurs are smaller then carnosaurs also more birdlike
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C 20 years, tyrannosaurus grew at an extremely rapid rate, also had a very high body heat judging from studying their fibulas, which means they probably had a body covering (feathers) at a young age
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Saurichians
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B could walk on 2 feet, eventually however they became solely quadrapeds.
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D Mamenchisaurus had the largest neck, 11 meters
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B brachiosaurus, weighing in at 55 tons
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B ornithiscians
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B hypsilophodon earliest dino found that can chew
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D maiasaurus also known as good mother lizard.
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D shield bearers, since the majority of these dinosaurs contained large plates of boney “armor” on their bodies.
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E thermoregulation, this would only work well for stegosaurus, because of the diamond shaped plates
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B ankylosaurids had a similar nasal structure whereas nodosaurids were more simple.
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A chasmosaurine, triceratops had large postorbital horns and a longer frill
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Coelurosaurs had the largest brain capacity, which is approximately as large as current mammals. The rest of dinosaurs had much smaller brains measured in EQ
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D sauropods had the smallers EQ compared to the rest of the animals, which may have contributed to them being gigantothermic which means that their large size regulated body temperature and they did not need a brain to help regulate although that is all theory.
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E Ordovician was the largest extinction, the most amount of species died out in this one, although arguably the Permian was just as large, however the most organisms died in the Ordovician extinction
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C dating tool, he was looking for this through iridium and found out that it came from asteroids and could figure out it is an asteroid dust that could show how much activity there was during a certain time period or how large of an asteroid hit certain areas looking at this material
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A glassy beads found at the impact sites of asteroids or nuclear bombs, it is melted quartz, allows to find the initial impact area and size of asteroid
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B releasing gases, looking at extinctions many of them occurred near the time that these events occurred, releasing mass amounts of CO2 into the atmosphere could have changed climate and killed organisms.
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