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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Oesophageal constrictions x3 +spinal levels |
UOS - ~C6 Intersection with aortic arch and left main bronchus - ~T4 LOS - ~T10 |
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Oesophageal vasculature |
Upper third: inferior thyroid artery+vein Middle third: intercostal arteries, azygous drainage Lower third: left gastric artery, hepatic portal drainage |
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Duodenal segments |
Superior - only intraperitoneal part, meets pyloric sphincter Descending - ampulla of vater Inferior Ascending - to duodeno-jejunal flexure |
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Terms for peristaltic structures of small and large intestines |
Small: pilae circulares Large: haustra, formed by action of longitudinal taeniae coli |
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Specialised small intestine cells and functions x4 |
Enterocytes line the villi and are involved in digestion and absorption Goblet cells secrete mucus for protection and lubrication Endocrine cells in the crypts secrete factors regulating gut function (CCK, secretin, motilin) Paneth cells in the crypts secrete antimicrobial agents (defensins, lysozyme) |
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Intraperitoneal organs |
Liver, stomach, ileum, superior duodenum, transverse colon, sigmoid colon |
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Retroperitoneal organs |
Ascending colon Descending colon Descending, inferior, and ascending duodenum Pancreas Rectum |
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Foregut organs +blood supply +innervation |
Stomach Superior duodenum Liver Pancreas Spleen (Coeliac artery) |
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Midgut organs +blood supply +innervation |
Descending, inferior, and ascending duodenum Small intestine Caecum, ascending and transverse colon (Superior mesenteric artery) |
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Hindgut organs +blood supply +innervation |
Descending and sigmoid colon Rectum Upper anal canal (Inferior mesenteric artery) |
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Features of liver anatomy Lobes and ligaments |
Right, left, quadrate (inf.) and caudate (s.) lobes Falciform ligament (anterior, median) Ligamentum teres (containing portal triad) Coronary ligament, around bare area |
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Peritoneal structures x5 |
Lesser omentum - between liver and stomach Epiploic foramen, from greater to lesser sac Greater omentum - from inferior gastric border over the lower abdomen Transverse mesocolon - connecting TC to posterior abdominal wall Mesentery - convoluted peritoneum supporting small intestine and sigmoid colon |
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Digestive enzymes/compounds origins (5 origins) |
Amylase - mainly parotid gland Pepsin - gastric chief cells (as pepsinogen) Intrinsic factor - parietal cells (allow B12 terminal ileal absorption) Pancreas: trypsin (catalyses other pancreatic enzyme activation), chymotrypsin (proteolytic), carboxypeptidase (proteolytic), elastase - all as zymogens Bile salts from liver (emulsify fat droplets into micelles) Brush border: disaccharidases + peptidases |
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Secretion and function of - secretin - gastrin - cholestokinin |
Secretin - Duodenum, in response to low pH - Pancreatic secretion, inhibits gastric acid secretion and gastric motility Gastrin - Gastric G cells in response to presence of food - Stimulates gastric acid secretion Cholestokinin (CCK) - Duodenum, in response to fat in lumen - Gallbladder contraction, pancreatic secretion, inhibits gastric motility |
