Developmental Biology Comparative & Evolutionary Embryology

Front 1

Why did snakes lose their necks and legs?

Back 1

The expression of HoxC-6 & HoxC-8.

Front 2

___________ is a process (or steps) of change.

Back 2

Development

Front 3

How structures change during the development of different organisms.

Back 3

Comparative Developmental Biology

Front 4

How changes in development cause and constrain evolutionary changes.

Back 4

Evolutionary Developmental Biology

Front 5

The study of anatomical abnormalities can reveal how normal development occurs.

Back 5

Teratology

Front 6

Describing patterns of growth and development with equations to predict/understand how they operate

Back 6

Mathematical Modeling

Front 7

New structures are formed de novo and arise progressively.

Back 7

Epigenesis

Front 8

each individual is fully formed within a germ cell and increases in size during development.

Back 8

Preformation

Front 9

Debacle of the preformation theory is due to:

Back 9

(1). Better-quality microscopes
(2). The cellular theory formulated by Schleiden and Schwann

Front 10

1st Principle of von Baer

Back 10

1. The general features of a large group of animals appear ealier in development than do the specialized features of a small group.

Front 11

2nd Principle of von Baer

Back 11

Less general characters are developed from the more general, until finally the most specialized appear.

Front 12

3rd Principle of von Baer

Back 12

The embryo of a given species, instead of passing through the adult stages of lower animals, departs more and more from them.

Front 13

4th Principle of von Baer

Back 13

The early embryo of a higher animal is never like a lower animal, but only like its early embryo.

Front 14

___________ (pigment cells) originate in the neural crest and then migrate to the epidermis.

Back 14

Melanocytes

Front 15

Migrating neural crest cells also give rise to __________ _______ and the _______ _______ (which is innervated by the sympathetic nervous system to secrete epinephrine)

Back 15

peripheral neurons, adrenal medulla

Front 16

__________ ____ _____ (which eventually give rise to the gametes) migrate to the gonad.

Back 16

Primordial germ cells

Front 17

_____ ____ _________ _____ migrate to the liver and bone marrow.

Back 17

Blood cell precursor cells

Front 18

7 Stages in Devlopmental cycle (of frog)

Back 18

1) Fertilization 2) Cleavage 3) Gastrulation 4) Organogenesis 5) Larval Stages 6) Maturity 7) Gametogenesis

Front 19

1) Fundamental Question of Developmental Biology

Back 19

Cellular Differentation

Front 20

2) Fundamental Question of Developmental Biology

Back 20

Cellular Organization

Front 21

3) Fundamental Question of Developmental Biology

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Cellular Regulation

Front 22

4) Fundamental Question of Developmental Biology

Back 22

Reproduction

Front 23

5) Fundamental Question of Developmental Biology

Back 23

Evolution

Front 24

6) Fundamental Question of Developmental Biology

Back 24

Environmental Integration

Front 25

Epidermal cells of skin develop from

Back 25

(Outer surface) -- Ectoderm -- Gastrula

Front 26

Neuron of Brain develops from

Back 26

(Central Nervous System) -- Ectoderm -- Gastrula

Front 27

Pigment cells develop from

Back 27

Neural crest -- Ectoderm -- Gastrula

Front 28

Notochord develops from

Back 28

(Dorsal) - Mesoderm -- Gastrula

Front 29

Bone tissue develops from

Back 29

(Paraxial) -- Mesoderm -- Gastrula

Front 30

Tubule cell of Kidney develops from

Back 30

(Intermediate) -- Mesoderm -- Gastrula

Front 31

Red blood cells develop from

Back 31

(Lateral) -- Mesoderm -- Gastrula

Front 32

Facial muscle develops from

Back 32

(Head) -- Mesoderm -- Gastrula

Front 33

Pancreatic cell develops from

Back 33

(Digestive tube) -- Endoderm -- Gastrula

Front 34

Thyroid cell develops from

Back 34

(Pharynx) -- Endoderm -- Gastrula

Front 35

Lung cell develops from

Back 35

(Respiratory tube) -- Endoderm -- Gastrula

Front 36

Sperm develops from

Back 36

Germ Cells -- Gastrula

Front 37

Egg develops from

Back 37

Germ Cells -- Gastrula

Front 38

Outer layer of embryo which forms the epidermis and nerves

Back 38

Ectoderm

Front 39

Middle layer of embryo which produces the blood, heart, kidneys, gonads, bones, and connective tissues

Back 39

Mesoderm

Front 40

Innermost layer of embryo which produces the digestive tube and its associated organs (including the lungs)

Back 40

Endoderm

Front 41

3 Approaches to Developmental Biology:

Back 41

Genetic, Anatomical, and Experimental

Front 42

5 Types of Fate Mapping & Lineage Analysis:

Back 42

1) Direct observation of living embryo 2) Vital Dye marking 3) Radioactive labeling 4) Fluorescent Dyes (DiI) 5) Genetic marking