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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
A-not-b effect |
The tendency of infants to reach for a hidden object where it was previously hidden (place A) rather than where it was hidden most recently while the child watched (place B) |
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Accommodation |
In Piaget's theory, the developing child's process of changing his schemes based on his interactions with the environment b |
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Aggressive-rejected |
The social status of children who are not respected or liked by peers and become aggressive as a result |
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Alzheimer's disease |
A degenerative brain disorder characterized by memory loss followed by increasing disorientation and culminating in physical and mental helplessness |
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Assumilation |
In Piaget's theory, the developing child's process of interpreting the environment in terms of the schemas he already has. See accommodation |
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Attachment |
The strong, enduring, emotional bond between a child and its caregivers that some psychologists consider the basis for relationships later in life |
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Concrete operational period |
In Piaget's theory, the period from about age 7 to about 12, in which the child is beginning to understand abstract ideas such as number and substance, but only as they apply to real, concrete events |
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Conventional reasoning |
According to Kohlberg, the third and fourth stages of moral reasoning, which are focused on social relationships, conventions, and duties |
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Embryonic stagr |
The third through with week of prenatal development |
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Fetal alcohol syndrome |
A developmental disorder that affects children whose mothers consumed alcohol during pregnancy. It's effects include a range of psychological problems and physical abnormalities |
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Fetal stage |
The prenatal period from the ninth week until birth |
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Formal operational perido |
In Piaget's theory, the period from about age twelve on, in which a child can think abstractly and consider hypothetical possibilities |
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Generatively versus stagnation |
According to Erikson, a major developmental task of later adulthood is finding meaning in ones work, which produces a sense of Generatively. Failure leads to a sense of stagnation. |
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Grasp reflex |
And infantile reflex in which an infant closes her hand into a fist when her palm is touched |
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Habituation procedure |
A method for studying infant perception. After some exposure to a stimulus, an infant becomes habituated and stops paying attention to it. If the infant shows renewed interest when a new stimulus is presented, this reveals that the infant regards the new stimulus as different from the old one |
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Identity versus role confusion |
According to Erikson, the major developmental task of adolescence is developing a stable ego identity, or sense of who one is. Failure results in developing a negative identity or in role confusion. |
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Imprinting |
In many species, the learned attachment that is formed at a particular early period |
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Integrity versus despair |
According to Erikson, the major developmental task of older age is finding meaning in the life one has led. Success gives rise to a sense of integrity, whereas failure leads to despair |
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Internal working model |
A set of beliefs and expectations about how people behave in social relationships, and also guidelines for interpreting others' actions, and habitual responses to make in social settings |
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Intimacy versus isolayiln |
According to Erikson, a major developmental task of early adulthood is developing an intimate relationship. Failure to do so may lead to isolation |
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Neural tubr |
The tubular structure formed early in the embryonic stage from which the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) develops. |
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Object permanence |
The conviction that an object exists even when it is out of sight. Piaget believed infants didn't develop this level of understanding until the age of at least eight months. |
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Postconventional reasoning |
According to Kohlberg, the fifth and sixth stages of moral reasoning, which are focused on ideals and broad moral principles. |
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Preconventional reasoning |
According to Kohlberg, the first and second stages of moral reasoning, which are focused on getting rewards and avoiding punishments |
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Prepositional period |
In Piaget's theory, the period from about ages 2 to 7, in which a child can think representionally, but can't yet restate these representations to each other or take a point of view other than her own |
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Primary sexual characyeristics |
Bodily structures directly related to reproduction |
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Puberyy |
The period of physical and sexual maturation in which the child's body begins to assume develop into its adult form. |
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Secondary sexual characteristica |
Bodily structures that change with sexual maturity but are not directly related to reproduction |
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Secure base |
According to John Bowlby, the relationship in which the child feels safe and protected |
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Sensorimotor peripd |
In Piaget's theory, the period of cognitive development from birth to about 2 years, I. Which the child has not yet achieved object permanence |
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Social referencing |
A process of using others' facial expressions as a cue about the situation |
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Sociometric data |
Data that describe how individuals in a group interact |
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Strange situatiln |
An experimental procedure for assessing attachment, I. Which the child is allowed o explore an unfamiliar room with the mother present before the mother leaves for a few minutes, and then returns |
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Sucking reflex |
An infantile reflex in which an infant sucks on whatever is placed in his mouth |
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Teratogens |
Environmental factors that can disrupt healthy neural development. These include lead, alcohol, and cigarette smoke |
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Theory of mind |
The sry of interrelated concepts we use to make sense of our own thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, as well as those of others |
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Withdrawn-rejected |
The social status of children who are not respected or liked by peers and become anxious as a result |
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Zone of proximal development |
The range of accomplishments that are beyond what the child can do on her own, but that she can achieve with help or guidance |
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Zygotr |
The fertilized egg, formed by the Union of sperm and egg |