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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Depression |
Oldest and one of the most frequent diagnosed |
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Transient symptoms |
Normal, healthy responses to everyday disappointments in life |
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Pathological depression |
When adaptation is inneffective Mood is affect |
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Depression def |
An alteration in mood that is expressed by feelings of sadness, despair, and pessimism |
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Major depressive disorder |
One of the leading cause of disability |
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Age and gender |
More prevalent in women Young women Except 44 to 65 its equal |
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Race |
Depression more in whites than black More severe in blacks Black less likely to get treatment |
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Season |
Affective disorder More in spring and fall |
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S/s mdd |
Depressed mood Loss of interest At least 2 weeks No hx of manic Not attributed to substance |
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Dysthymic disorder |
Sad or down in the dumps-eyeore No psychotic symptoms Feature-depressed most of day, more days than not, at least 2 yrs |
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Premenstrual dysphoric disorder |
Depressed mood Anxiety Mood swings Decreased interest Week prior to menses, improvement with onset of menses, absent in week post menses |
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Bio factors |
Deficiency of norepinephrine, serotonin, dopamine Excessive cholinergic transmission Hereditary |
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Physiological influences |
Med side effect Neuro disorders Electrolyte disturbances Horomonal disorder Nutritional deficiencies |
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Psychoanalytical theory |
A loss is internalized and becomes directed against the ego |
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Learning theory |
Learned helplessness Individual who experiences numerous failures learns to give up trying |
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Object loss |
Experience loss of significant other during first 6 months of life Feelings of helplessness Early loss or trauma can predispose to lifelong periods of depression |
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Cognitive theory |
Views primary disturbance as cognitive rather than affective 3 cognitive distortions Neg expectations of environment Neg expectations of self Neg expectations of future |
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Transactional model |
No single theory or hypothesis exists to substantiate a clear cut explanation for depression Combined effects |
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Adolescents s/s |
Anger,aggression Run away Delinquency Social withdrawal Sexual act out Substance abuse Restlessness Behavior change for several weeks |
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Adolescent treatment |
Supportive psychosocial intervention Antidepressant Above has black box warning for increased risk of suicidality in children |
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Elderly s/s |
Bereavement overload High suicide rate Symptoms confused with neurocognitive disorder |
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Elderly treatment |
Antidepressant Electroconvulsive therapy Psychosocial therapy |
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Mild depression |
Anger, anxiety Tearful, regression Preoccupied w loss Anorexia, insomnia Normal grieving |
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Moderate depression |
Helpless, powerless Slowed physical movements, slumped posture, limited verbalization Retarded thinking, difficulty concentrating Anorexia, sleep disturbances, headaches Dysthymic disorder |
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Severe depression |
Total despair, worthlessness, flat affect Psychomotor retardation, curled up position, absence of communication Delusional thinking, delusions of persecution, confusion, suicidal thoughts Slow down of whole body Mdd and bipolar depression |
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Treatments |
Therapy Electroconvulsive therapy Transcranial magnetic stimulation Vagal nerve stimulation and deep brain stimulation Light therapy Psychopharmacology |
