Den 7109

Front 1

Temporalis

Back 1

Origin:Temporal lines on the parietal bone
Insertion:Coronoid process down to the ramus
Innervation:Mandibular ranch of trigeminal nerve (V3)
Action:Retrusion, Elevation, Lateral Excursion

Front 2

Masseter

Back 2

Two heads: Superficial head (smaller), deep head (larger)
Action: retrusion, protrusion, elevation, lateral excursion

Front 3

Pterygoid Muscles

Back 3

Two heads:medial head (attaches to the medial aspect of the lateral pteygoid plate and lateral head (attaches to the lateral aspect of the lateral pterygoid plate)

Front 4

Lateral pterygoid muscle

Back 4

Actions:
upper head: stabilizer during retrusion
lower head: protrusion, depression, medial excursion

Front 5

Medial ptergoid muscle

Back 5

Attaches to condyle and medial aspect of the meniscus
Action: elevation, medial excursion, protrusion

Front 6

Muscles of Mastication

Back 6

Temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid

Note: none of these helps open your mouth, how do you bring the mandible down?

Front 7

Structures that abut the muscles of mastication

Back 7

Maxillary artery
(when you remove the lateral pterygoid you can see the mandibular nerve split into the lingual nerve and inferior alveolar nerve)
Lingual nerve
Inferior alveolar nerve

Front 8

Sphenomandibularis Muscle

Back 8

Attach to sphenoid bone and the mandible
Another muscle of mastication
Protrude, medial excursion, elevation

Front 9

Styloglossus

Back 9

Extrinsic
Origin: Styloid process
Insertion: Lateral aspect of tongue
Innervation: hypoglossal nerve
Action: elevation and retraction of tongue, draw up the sides of the tongue to form a trough

Front 10

Genioglossus

Back 10

Extrinsic
Origin: Superior genial tubercle of the mandible
Insertion: Total dorsum of the tongue and the hyoid bone
Innervation:Hypoglossal nerve
Action:Protrude and depress the dorsum of the tongue, retraction of the extreme tip of the tongue

Front 11

Hyoglossus

Back 11

Extrinsic
Origin: Superior aspect of the greater horn of the hyoid bone and the lesser horn of the hyoid bone
Insertion: lateral aspect of the tongue
Innervation: Hypoglossal nerve
Action: Depression and retrusion of the tongue

Front 12

Palatoglossus

Back 12

Technically an extrinsic muscle (developed from branchial arch 4, NOT occipital somite)
Origin: Palatine aponeurosis
Insertion: Lateral aspect of the tongue
Inenrvation: XI via X
Action: Elevation of the posterior aspect of the tongue, closes the oropharyngeal isthmus (opening) by bringing the tongue toward the soft palate

Front 13

Longitudinal Fibers

Back 13

Intrinsic Muscle
Direction of Travel: anteroposterior
Two bundles:
Superior: run just inferior to mucosa of the dorusm of the tongue
Inferior: between fibers of the genioglossus and hyoglossus

Hint 13

Innervation: Hypoglossal nerve
Action: shorten length of tongue and curl the tongue

Front 14

Transverse fibers

Back 14

Intrinsic muscle
Direction of travel: perpendicular to inferior bundle of the longitudinal fibers

Hint 14

Innervation: Hypoglossal nerve
Action: Curl the tongue and form a longitudinal trough

Front 15

Vertical fibers

Back 15

Intrinsic muscle
Direction of travel: from the dorsum of the tongue in an inferior direction

Hint 15

Innervation: Hypoglossal nerve
Action: flatten and broaden the tongue

Front 16

Palatopharyngeus

Back 16

Origin: Palatine aponeurosis
Insertion: Lateral wall of the pharynx
Innervation: XI via X
Action: Pull the tongue and soft palate towards the pharynx, seal the oropharyngeal opening

Front 17

Palatoglossus

Back 17

Origin: Palatine aponeurosis
Insertion:lateral aspect of the tongue
Innervation: XI via X
Action: pull tongue and soft palate towards the pharynx, seal the oropharyngeal opening

Front 18

Levator Palati

Back 18

Origin: Medial floor of auditory tube
Insertion: Palatine aponeurosis
Innervation: XI via X
Action: elevates the soft palate to seal the nasopharynx from the oropharynx, open the auditory tube

Front 19

Tensor Palti

Back 19

Origin: Lateral aspect of the auditory tube
Insertion: Palatine aponeurosis (hook around the hamulus of the medial pterygoid plate)
Innervation: Branch of mandibular nerve of the trigeminal
Action: Tenses the soft palate, open the auditory tube

Front 20

Uvular muscle

Back 20

Origin: Posterior nasal spine
Insertion: submucosa of the uvula
Innervation: XI via X
Action: pull the uvula superior to seal the nasopharynx

Front 21

Semicircular constrictors

Back 21

Superior, middle, inferior constrictors work in a peristaltic motion to move the bolus of food down the pharynx

Front 22

Superior Constrictor

Back 22

Origin: Pterygomandibular raphe
Insertion: Midline pharyngeal raphe

Front 23

Middle Constrictor

Back 23

Origin: Bone between greater and lesser horns of hyoid bone, portion of stylohyoid ligament
Insertion: Mideline pharyngeal raphe

Front 24

Inferior Constrictor

Back 24

Origin: Lateral aspect of thryoid and cricoid cartilage
Insertion: Midline pharyngeal raphe

Front 25

Palatopharyngeus Muscle

Back 25

Origin: Palatal aponeurosis
Insertion: Posterolateral aspect of pharynx, posterior aspect of hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage

Front 26

Stylopharyngeus Muscle

Back 26

Origin: Styloid process
Insertion: gap between superior and middle constrictor muscles and insert with palatopharyngeus

Front 27

Hyoepiglottic ligament

Back 27

Runs from the midline of the epiglottis to the body of the hyoid bone (extrinsic)

Front 28

Cricotracheal Ligament

Back 28

Attaches to the lower portion of the cricoid cartilage and the upper portion of the first cartilage of the trachea (extrinsic)

Front 29

Cricothryoid ligament

Back 29

Runs from the arch of the cricoid cartilage to the upper free margin on the inner aspect of the thyroid cartilage. A portion of this forms the VICAL LIGAMENT which participates in phonation

Front 30

Median cricothryoid ligament

Back 30

A thickening of a portion of the cricothyroid ligament which runs between the arch of the cricoid cartilage and the inferior aspect of the thyroid carilage

Front 31

Quadrangular membrane

Back 31

Attaches to the lateral margin of the epiglottis and the anterolateral aspect of the ipsilateral arytenoid cartilage. It also attaches to the corniculate cartilage. The free lower margin of the ligament forms the vestibular ligament which is found under the vestibular fold (false vocal cord of the larynx)

Front 32

Cricothyroid

Back 32

Origin: Anterior portion of the cricoid cartilage
Insertion: posteroinferior aspect of thyroid

Hint 32

By tilting the thyroid cartilage forward over the cricoid cartilage they act to stretch the vocal folds.

Front 33

Transverse arytenoid

Back 33

Origin: Lateral aspect of one arytenoid Insertion: lateral aspect of the other arytenoid

Hint 33

Fibers contract to approximate the right and left arytenoid crtilages (ie pull them close to each other)

Front 34

Posterior cricoarytenoid

Back 34

Origin: Lateral aspect of cricoid
Insertion: Arytenoid

Hint 34

The muscles bilaterally contract to turn the arytenoids about vertical axes at the cricoarytenoid joints. This causes the vocal processes and attached vocal fold to abduct, opening the rima glottidis.

Front 35

Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle

Back 35

Origin: lateral aspect of the crioid
Insertion: Arytenoid

Hint 35

The muscles bilaterally contract to turn the arytenoids about vertical axes at the cricoarytenoid joints. This causes the vocal processes to adduct to close the rima glottidis

Front 36

Vocalis

Back 36

(Part of thyroarytenoid muscle)
Origin: internal aspect of the thyroid
Insertion: Lateral aspect of the arytenoid

Hint 36

Fibers contract to approximate the thyroid cartilage and arytenoid cartilages, shortening the vocal ligaments.