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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pulsus Paradoxis |
An exaggeration of the normal variations of pulse during inspiration, in which the pulse becomes weaker on inhalation and stronger on expiration Causes:Cardiac tamponade, pericarditis, chronic sleep apnea, croup, obstructive lung disease (e.g. asthma, COPD) |
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Kussmaul respiration |
Deep and laboured breathing patten, form of hyperventilation where breathing is increased above the normal rate Causes: severe metabolic acidodis, especially diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), renal failure |
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Giant "a" waves in neck |
An upward deflection seen in the jugular vein of patients with increased JVP caused by the atrium contracting against increased pressure. Systolic event that occur on every beat Causes: pulmonary stenosis, pulmonary hypertension, right heart failure, tricuspid stenosis or atresia, right atrial myxoma |
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Koilonychia |
Brittle, flat and eventually spoon shaped nails caused by iron deficiency |
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Tofus on ear |
A deposit of uric acids in or around joints or on the ear Causes: gout |
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Catatonia |
A state of apparent unresponsiveness to external stimuli in a person who appears to be awake Difficult to distinguish from diffuse encephalopathy and non-convulsive status epilepticus |
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Cafe-au-lait patch |
Well demarcated light to dark brown patch on the skin present from childhood. Multiple patches uncommon Causes: neurofibromatosis (more than 6), Albright's syndrome, tuberous sclerosis, other genodermatosis |
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Pulse deficit |
Difference in heart beat and peripheral pulse determined by simultaneous palpation of radial artery and auscultation at the apex Causes: atrial fibrillation |
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Plateau pulse |
Slow, sustained pulse Cause: aortic stenosis |
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Risus sardonicus |
Highly characteristic, abnormal, sustained spasm of the facial muscles that appears to produce grinning Causes: tetanus |
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Heberden Nodules |
Bony nodules seen at the DIP Causes: osteoarthritis |
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Cannon "a" waves in neck |
An upward deflection seen in the jugular vein of patients with increased JVP caused by the atrium contracting while the tricuspid valve is closed. Intermittent and on the minority of beats Causes: arrythmias |
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Sinus arrythmias |
Normal increase of heart rate on inspiration. Natural response and more accentuated in children |
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Rose spots |
Red macular lesions 2-4mm in diameter due to bacterial emboli to the skin. Appear as a rash 7-12 days from onset of symptoms and occur in groups of 5 - 10 lesions on the lower chest and upper abdomen. Typically last 3-5 days Causes: enteric infection - typhoid and paratyphoid (more numerous), Shigellosis, non-thyphoidal salmonellosis |
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Strawberry tongue |
Inflamed red papillae on the tongue giving it a strawberry appearance Causes: Kawasaki disease, toxic shock syndrome, scarlet fever |
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White faeces |
Absence of bile in feaces Causes: steattorhea, obstructive jaundice |
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Loud first heart sound |
Occurs when the leaflets are wide open at the end of ventricular diastole and are shut forcefully during ventricular systole Causes: mitral stenosis, atrial fibrillation |
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Bouchard nodules |
Bony nodules found on the PIP joints Causes: osteoarthritis |
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Erythema Multiforme |
Diffuse maculopapular rash due to hypersensitivity reactions Causes: Steven-Johnson Syndrome |
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Ground glass nails |
Decreased colour Causes: hypoproteinemia e.g. liver failure |
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Giant "c" waves in neck |
An upward deflection seen in the jugular vein of patients with increased JVP due to ventricular contraction and resulting bulging of tricuspid into the right atrium during isovolumetric systole
Causes: Tricuspid insufficiency |
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Palmar erythema |
Red appearance of palms Causes: hypothyroidism, chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, pregnancy, polycythaemia |
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Osler nodules |
tender nodules on the finger pulps Causes: sub-acute bacterial endocarditis |
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Darwin nodule |
Congenital ear condition presenting as thickening of the helix at the junction of the upper and middle thirds Normal |
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Loud P2 |
Louder then A2- a soft A2 must be ruled out Causes: Pulmonary hypertension |
