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230 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How far is the lingual surface from the CEJ in an anterior tooth. and according to whom? |
4 -6.5mm, Lee 2007 |
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At what age does a patient start to have a mandibular incisor with pulp chamber less than 2mm? |
Nielsen , 40 |
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Who stated the average depth to the pulp ceiling to be 6mm in molar. How far is the pulp from the furcation? |
Deustch, 3mm. Making a perforation at 11mm |
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In a furcated bicuspid, how far is it from cusp tip to chamber celing? When will a furcal perforation occur |
Deustch, 7mm with a perf at 10-11mm |
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According to _____ what type of C shaped pulp FLOOR is most common? |
Min, C shaped. With types 2 and 4 both having a C3a canal morphology |
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How much does the working length change when removing triangles of dentin ( preflaring)? Whom |
Rivera/Walton 2002, .17mm average |
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How often does WEINE think there are MB2 canals? How often does it have a single foramen? |
1969 50% of the time with 1 orifice 85% of the time |
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What are the weine classifications? |
TYPE 1- single Type 2 - 2 orifice one exit Type 3- 2 orifice two exit Type 4- one oriface 2 exit |
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Who came first vertucci or weine classificaiotns |
weine 1969, vertucci 1984 |
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What precentage of canals are straight in the MD and BL direction? Whom? |
3%, Pineda/Kuttler |
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Which dimension of a tooth is most often wider md or bl. Whom? |
Pineda/Kuttler Buccal Lingual |
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Does the overall diameter of a root increase or decrease with age? (This question is questionable) |
Decrease pineda/kuttler |
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What percentage of the curvatures are located in the apical 1/3. What percent have apical deltas (whom)
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Pineda/Kuttler, 85%, 2 % deltas |
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What does it mean when a canal has a sudden widening in a MD direction? Whom |
Pineda/Kuttler, it means its splitting in the BL dimension |
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Which tooth has the most variable anatomy? Who |
Vertucci, MX 2nd premolar |
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A vertucci type IV is the same as a weine type ___? |
3 |
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A vertucci type II is a weine type ___ |
2 |
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A vertucci type V is a weine type____ |
4 |
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How many vertucci classifications are there ? |
8 |
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According to ___. Maxillary lateral teeth tend to be dilacerated in the _____________ direction? What percentage of the time? |
Chohayeb, distolabial 52% of the time |
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An upper lateral incisor is what% likely to need a retreatment and what% likely to need an apico after retreatment? |
5&6% respectively. Chohayeb |
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A The apical foramen and apices of a Mx central incisor or canine is likely to deviate in a _________ at the from the actual apex while a lateral is likely to deviate in a _________ direction. Whome |
Nakamura 1992- Central and canine deviate in a DB direction and MX lateral deviates in a DL direction. |
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Who established that the apical foramen is about ____mm from the actual apex |
.5mm, Nakamura 1992 |
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Which is more difficult to access surgically a mx lateral or cenrtal? (distances from important structures)Why and according to whom? |
A central to the nasal floor is ~11mm and ~5 from the nasopalatine duct. THe lateral to the nasal floor is 13.0mm. However the lateral is more likely to be tipped to the lingual. Del Fabbro 2012 |
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How likely is a maxillary premolar (first and second respectively) to have 3 canals? According to whom? |
1st- 0-3.7% 2nd- 0-1% Bellizzi and Hartwell 1981 |
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How likely is it for a mx 1st premolar to have 2 canals? 2n? Who |
Belizzi and Hartwell 1st- 90% 2nd- 60% |
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At what level is a maxillary premolar likely to encounter the 1st canal in relation to the CEJ in the buccal and lingual canals resepctively? Whom. What about the md? What does this mean for post spaces? |
Willershausen 2006 MX premolar- 8-9mm MD premolar- 10-11mm The post should not extend past the curve (8-10mm) |
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How deep is the groove on the palaltal aspect of the buccal canal in a mx first premolar? (middle, coronal and apical 1/3rds) why is this important |
Lammertyn - in the apical 1/3 its .17mm, in the middle .34, coronal .4. It is important to not perforate durign post (or regular preparation) |
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According to ____. You should use care in preparing a mx first premolar and not put a post in the ____ canal. Because after treatment there is a reduction of _______ % in the dentin thickness of the walls (both buccal and palatal canals) at 6mm below the CEJ |
Pilo. Buccal - it loses 77% of thickness and at 6mm below the CEJ 53% of roots were less than 1mm. The palatal canls had a loss of 61% thickness and 38% were less than 1mm at 6mm below CEJ |
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According to Hartwell and Belizzi what shape shoudl be used in molar preparations (mx and MD) 1982. |
Maxillary - rhomboid, Md- rectangular |
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What percentage of MB roots on MX molars had 2 canals according to Neaverth. 1987. What percentage of them has 1 foramenn versus 2. |
77% 2 canals, 61.8 % had 2 separate foramen. This is Why they could be the cause for endo failure. |
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What age patient is most likely to have 2 MB canals in a mx molar according to neaverth? |
20-40, 86% of the time |
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Who decided that 95% of MB roots in mx molars had 2 canals? What % goes the whole length of the root?Where is the second canal usually found in relation to the mb1? |
Kulid and Peters (1990) 71% of those went the whole length of the root and they were usually found 1.8mm lingual to MB 1 |
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According to Kulid and Peters, is there a difference in # of canals from mx 1st to second molars? What is it |
no, trick question |
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Who thought there were ML(MB2) canals only 39% of the time in mx 1st molars? |
Hartwell in 1989 |
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Please list the percentage that the following authors thought MB2 was present in a mx 1st and 2nd molar. 1987 neaverth, 1989- Hartwell, 1990- Peters, 1999- Stropko, 2005 Wolcott, 2009 Park, |
1987- Neaverth-77% 1989 Hartwell- 39% (recommended changing the access shape) 1990 - Kulid/Peters 95% with microscope 1999 Stropko - 73%1st molars, 50% 2nd 2005- Wolcott 60/40% respectively. Suggested the reason for failure because they were found in retreatments after 5 years 2009 Park - 65% with micro CT |
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According to Stropko 1999, where are the MB orifices usually located in MX molars? |
2-3mm palatal and mesial to a line connecting the MB1 and palatal orifices |
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What percentage of mx molar MB2 canals have 2 separate apical foramen with 2 separate canals according to Park? |
2009- about 37% |
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In molars, when are ishmuses present in the MB roots, M and D roots of md molars? Whom |
MX MB - 76% MD Mesial 83% MD Distal - 36% 2005 VON ARX |
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Accoding Wolcott, what % of maxillary 1st and 2nd molars have MB 2 canals. Hint he found them 5 years later doing retreatments |
1st 60 2nd 40 2005 |
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Who said that a maxillary molar can have more than 1 palatal canal? Is it common (%) |
1981 Stone and stoner, 2% of the time |
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According to Von Arx, What percentage of MD molars will have 2 mesial canals (with or without an isthmus) |
94% 2005 |
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What percentage of palatal canals had a curvature of 10 degrees or more? Who/ |
BONE- 1986 85% |
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What is a reason that the radiographic working length can be shorter than the actual length on a palatal canal? |
Kim-Park/Hartwell - they are curved (esp more than 25% degrees. 2003 |
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West/Loushine said that 3rd MD/MX molars have how many roots and what % of the time |
MX 3 roots about 45% of the time MD 2 roots about 77% of the time |
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What percentage of MD incisors are bifurcated (2 canals for both central and lateral respectively) who? |
Madeira 1973- 11% for both, trick questions Belizzi and Hartwell 1983- 17% centrals and 20% of laterals. (less important canines 4%) |
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At what level are you likely to find 2 canals in a md incisor(coronal.apical.middle)? Who |
Schindler 1998- the coronal or middle, not generally the apex, this is why it is important to clean the isthmus during surgery (present at 3mm 55% of the time) |
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What percentage of mandibular first premolars has a single foramen vs a split foramen (Weine IV). What percentage were C shaped? Who? |
Kulid - 75% single, 25% split
14% C shaped |
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At what level did kulid say that a mandibular 1st premolar woudl bifurcates? |
50% at 6mm from the CEJ and 25% at 9mm (so between 6-9mm) |
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What percentage of mandibular first molars woudl have overall 2,3,4 canals? Whom |
SKidmore 2- 5%, 3 - 65%, 4- 30% |
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How often did Skidmore think there were 2 canals in a mesial and distal root of a mandibular molars? |
mesial -95% of the time
distal - 30% |
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What percentage of mesial roots in mandibular molars have a middle mesial canal . Do they usually have a seprate exit? Who |
Pomeranz - 12% , they usually did not exit separately |
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According to manning, what percentage of mandibular second molars will have 2 roots? What is common when they only have 1? |
1- they will be weird (c) shaped 75% have 2 roots |
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What percentage of md molars have apical deltas? |
35% |
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What percentrace of mandibular molars have lateral canals and where are they located? Whom? |
Manning. 70% have lateral canals, 60% are apical and 20% are in the furcation |
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Which mandibular molar canal is generally more curved? (2 roots) WHo |
Cunningham/Senia - MB canals are more curved (~ 28 degrees) than mesial linguals (27 Degrees) |
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In a 3 rooted mandibular molar, which 2 orfices are likely to be the furthes apart? Who |
GU/Peters, the Distal buccal and distal lingual are 2.9mm |
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In a 3 rooted mandibular molar , which canal is usually the most curved? who |
GU/Peters - DL |
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What did GU and peters say about the shape of 3 rooted mandibular molars and the furcation levels? |
the distal furcation would be lower than the mesial and the mb/ml/db canals would be more round than the DL which would be oval |
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What percentage of middle mesial canal merge with a main canal in mandibular molars? Who? What enhanced their detection |
Friedman , all of them. Microscope increased their detection |
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According to Wein in 1988, Fill in the following chart? (Mandibular 2nd molars) ___ % had two roots, ____ were C shaped, _____% of mesial roots had 2 canals, _____% of distal roots had 2 canals? He changed his mind in 1998 on the C shaped canals, increasing it to ___%? |
96% 2 roots, 3% C shaped 92% 2 mesial canals, 85% distal 2 canals 7.6% and they must be widened |
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According to MAnning , what precentage of canals are C shaped? How does he suggest cleaning them? What percentage of them have lateral canals? |
13%, all had lateral canals and did not exit at the apex. He sugggest using NAOCL activated with Ultrasonics and doing treatment in two visits |
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According to whom, the apical 5mm of a C shaped canal in a mandibular second molar is wild and crazy? What percentage of those teeth had 2,3,4 canals? |
Cheung. 43% 2 canals, 28% 3 canals , 20% 4 or more. Almost none (9%) were single |
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What is a radix entemolaris? |
a supernumery root on the distolingual of mandibular molars |
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what is a radix paramolaris |
a supernumery root on the mesio buccal of a md molar |
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What percentage of radix enemolrais is bilateral? |
60-70% |
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Which is more common Radix entemolaris or radix paramolaris? |
Entemolaris- para is only 0-2% of the time |
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What is the prevalence of radix entmolaris according to CALBERSON? |
30% in Native AMericans, less than 5% in others |
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How far do you need to move the xray head to find a radix? |
25-30%. Calberson and also Wang |
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Who said that the apical foramen moves closer to the apex and gets larger with age? In 1955 |
Kuttler, at 18-25 it is .5 away and .5 in diameter. At 55+ it is .5 away and .7 in diameter. Cementum deposition |
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Which tooth is most likely to have a dens invaginatus? Who |
Bishop, mx lateral |
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What are the 4 oeholers classifications of DI and what is the % of their frequency? |
1 - 79%- its minimal and lined with enamel. Does not extend past the crown(CEJ) 2- 15% - enamel lined and extends into the pulp but does not have a connection to the PDL 3a-5%- extends to the root and connects with the PDL laterally. 3b is the same but communicates at the apex |
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What percentage of DI have pulpal symptoms? Ridell 2001 |
11.3% |
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Who proposed ways to treat DI and what are they (types 1-3) |
Bishop in 2008, Type I - sealant/PRR Type 2- Open the orfice and us US to clean. Fill with MTA and resin coronal seal Type 3- Treat as a RCT but rotary instruments are contraindicated. Fill with MTA if apical is weird Monitor them all for symptoms |
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According to FRANKL what are the tissue effects of CAOH and Formocreosol |
CAOH- healing Formocreosol- Tissue Fixative |
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Who says furcation radiolucencies on primary teeth are important and why? |
Frankl, because they can be infection through canals and affeect the succedaneous tooth |
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Has there been an increase in pulpotomies or a deacrease (pertaining to what is being taught in dental schools) who? |
2008 Dunston - there are increased pulp capping procedures being taught and an increased us of glass ionomer |
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Why do simancas/palleres suggest MTA for pulpotomies in primary teeth |
There is less cytotoxicity and a better radiographic outcome |
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What material has a more favorable radiographic outcome in primary teeth. What are the % success vs its opposing material (Majewski 2013) |
MTA 95% success vs Formoreosol 86% |
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Is ferric sulfate as good a material as formocreosol according to calinical outcome, radiographs and pulp canal obliteration? What do you need to do special with ferric? PENG 2007 |
They are the same , not statistically siginificant Ferric sulfate requires more periodic radiographs |
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Who proposed that safed and more biologic treatment alternatives to formocreosol should be used in 2008 and why? |
Waterhouse, because ZOE, ferric, electrosurge all have similar outcomes but are less toxic |
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What can decrease the likelyhood of extrusion of pulpectomy filling material and improve clinical outcomes? WHo? |
Johnson, Resorbable barriers |
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What are the criteria for whehther or not a tooth has enough root left to do a pulpectomy vs extractions? At what levels of resorption does perforation occur. Who |
Rimondini. Root length- if there is more than 10mm and lacks external resorption. If they are longer than 7mm they are likely round and with intact apices Resorption below the furcation at 7-10mm, resorption through the furcation at <4mml IE <4mm = extraction is recommended |
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Why does trairatvorakul suggest vitapex over zoe? |
The vitapex not only resorbs faster when overfilled but it also resolves furcation and PA pathology more quickly. The longer resorption period of ZOE can increase ectopic eruption |
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What did glenny/nadin say about success rates for formocrosol, ferric electrosurge and zoe? |
all same |
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Why are complete pulpectomies and SSC recommended on large carious lesions with exposures on primary teeth? Who? What was his guideline |
Raslan/Wetzel - they can decrease strength causign fracture and pulp inflammation. A pulpectomy decreases this Chance. Trauma-pulotomy, caries - pulpectomy or ext |
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Who says primary tooth injury can mess with permanent teeth? |
Andreasen |
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Does a younger or older child patient have increase risk of succedaneous tooth damamge? What are the percentages by type of damage (RAVN/Andreasen) |
Younger Intrustion 69%, Avulsion 52% Extrusion 34% Subluxation 27%. Alveolar bone fracture -72% risk |
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What percentage of trauma cases with pulpal necrosis will be diagnosed withing 8 weeks? Who? |
60% , Boorum and Andreasen |
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After the maxillary primary incisors sustain trauma, what % of them will have pulp canal obliteration? Who |
Boorum/Andreasen, 36% |
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If there is trauma to the primary maxillary incisors, what is the likelyhood that the tooth will undergo pulpal necrosis? Does their age affect? |
Boorum Andreasen, 25%, the very young do not have PN often |
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If there is a lateral luxation injury sustained in a primary maxillary incisor, what is the likelyhood that it will reposition within 3 months?
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95% |
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What percentage of primary mx incisors will eventually be extracted? |
46%, boorum/andreasen |
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According to RAVN what percentage of permanent teeth will be damaged if there is an injury to the primary teeth. Which injury is the worst? |
around 50% except those teeth that had to be extracted. 72% of them had issues |
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If there is disoloration in a primary mx incisor, do you need to do pulpal therapy. Why or Why not. Who? |
HOLAN - because <50 % of them will actually become infected |
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What is the most commonly injured tooth in both dentitions? |
Andreasen, MX central |
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Are permanent or primary teeth more likely to fracture? Who |
Permanent fracture, primary luxates (bone resilience) Andreasen |
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How often will an oral injury involve the soft tissues? |
only 28% of the timem, LARS ANDERSSON |
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What tooth is most likely to be damaged during intubation, is it likely on a normal tooth or must the tooth be compromised? |
VOGEL, Tooth #9 - 27%, on the upper left due to people being right handed and intubating. When a lower molar is damaged its usually on the right side due to the tubes being placed from the right Overall percentage is less than 1% |
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What kind of injury heals faster crushing or separating? Who? Why? |
Bakland/Andreasen - Separation because trauma to the tissues is usually minimum |
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How do you detect a foreign body on a radiograph if it isnt showing up initially? who |
bakland.andreasn - lower the KvP 25-50% |
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Who said that if the apical diameter is less than .5mm then pulpal healing is unlikely? |
Bakland/Andreasen |
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What is another name for sterile necrosis? |
Coagulation necrosis |
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What are the three type resorption? (Defined by andreasen/bakland) What causes them |
1, Repair- (surface) - Transient and from a small injury as long as there is no bacteria it can be reversed 2. Inflammatory - (infection) - from loss of vascular supply with bacteria. Usually due to cemental protection loss from luxation or avulsion 3. Replacement Resorption- (ankylosis) - loss of PDL vitality, cementum damage, the body thinks that cementum is bone and osteoclasts eat it |
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Who suggested documenting a trauma case with phots/xrays/microCT and that you should keep the xray film as far away from the tooth as possible to get good parallelling? |
Tsukimoshi |
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What percentage of luxated teeth have the potential for healing? F.Andreasen |
9-14% |
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Can you predict the likelyhood of pulpal necrosis/infection based on post trauma symptoms like loss of pulpal sensitivity or mobility? |
No, it doesn't reflect infective status |
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Which type of injury has the highest rate of discoloration and periapical lesion? |
luxation 22% and 38%, EMSHOFF using laser doppler flow. Better flow equals beter outcome |
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How many weeks should you wait until treating a traumatized tooth? Why? What test can you use to determine vitality (2) |
Gopikrishna - at least 6 weeks PULSE OXIMETRY EMSHOFF- Laser doppler flow |
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Can you correlate histological status with EPT results? |
no you can't, JAfazedeh |
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Who gave the guildlines for radiographs after trauma? What are they? |
Kullman- Lit review Root/FX Luxation injury - 1 occlusal, 3 PA Coronal Fracure- 1 AAE, 2 to rule out fracture Foreign Object- 2 images at right angles Pano - mandibular fracture |
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What is the best way to prevent infection related root resorption in an avulsion? According to Andreasen |
CaOH - prevents 90% of resorption |
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What causes infarction after trauma? WHo? |
Bellizzi/Stanley - Ischemic necrosis |
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What compound changes teeth brown in trauma? |
Hemosiderin from degrading hemoglobin |
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Why might you have bleeding from a necrotic pulp? Who? |
Beliizi/Stanley - Sometimes the pulp can retain vascular flow wihtout having any vital tissue present. Infarcted tissue can blockade the stimulus from giving positive EPT test |
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What kind of injury causes transient apical breakdown. Whom? How long before it resolves? |
Andreasen, Extrusion and LAteral Luxation 1 year |
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What is the most common sequelae of transient apical breakdown? |
Andreasen- 82% have pulp canal obliteration |
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What will a tooth with transient apical break down look like? When does it return to normal? |
IT can have color change, radiograpics parl/widending, or loss of vitality from electric testing. It returns to normal when the radiograph appears normal (usually within a year) |
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If a traimatized primary tooth turns grey what are the chances that it will be ok clinically and turn back to yellow to white (high or low) ? Who? What is the result of trauma |
Jacobsen,High, Many will have pulp canal obliteration however they will have no clinical symptoms beside color |
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If a primary tooth has PCO does it affect the exfoliation? Who? |
Jacobsen, no |
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What is the most common primary tooth injury to cause permanent tooth damage. |
intrustion |
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What is one of the big factors in whether or not a child will have dmg to the permanent tooth dentition with an intrusion injury? |
Age, 1-2 40% chance, 2-3 13%, 3-4 30%, 52% overall disturbance with all ages and all kinds of trauma |
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If you have a horizontal root fracture in a primary tooth, what is the treatment? (McTIGUE) |
If the coronal sement, extract it. If in the apical 1/3 you may be able to splint |
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According to Mc Tigue, what are the treatments for avulsion, lateral luxation, extrusion, intrusion, subluxation and concussion in a primary and permanent tooth?` |
Avulsion - 90% saved within 5 minutes, splint for 2 weeks and do caoh within 1-2weeks to avoid ankylosis. NO REIMPLANT PRIMARY Lateral Lux- allow to reerupt, if the apices are open, if they are closed CAOH within 3 weeks and gp within a month. splint for 2-3 weeks Extrusion- reposition and splint for 2 weeks, only needs treatment if clinical symptoms Intrusion- primary , allow to erupt for 4-5 months then ext. Permanent- allow to reerupt, if the apices are open, if they are closed CAOH within 3 weeks and gp within a month. Sublux- primary none, permanent take f/up xray at 4 weeks and 1 year. Splint if necessary Concuss- none |
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What is the ultimate cause of endodontic infecations? Who? |
Kakehashi/Stanley/Fitzgerald- Microbes |
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As a patient ages, what happens to their apical foramen and distance from the apical constriction to the apical foramen? Who? |
Kuttler- the apical constriction gets further away due to apical cementum deposition. The apical foramen itself increases in size and gets more offcenter |
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What is a possible cause of teardrop/apical zip/ledging according to SCHILDER? |
Inadequate straight line access and flaring |
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Who says that overinstrumentation leads to chronic periapical inflamation? (in relation to keeping material confined to the canals) |
SCHILDER |
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Who said that you can only see a radiographic PARL if you have 12.5 % bone loss in the CORTICAL bone. |
Bender |
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How often does a group of 5 or 6 examiner agree on the dx of a radiograph? Who? What is the most difficult to agree on? How often do you agree with yourself? |
Goldman, 47% upper molars 6 ex. 67%, 5 of 6 ex. 73% of the time they agreed with themselves one year later |
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What type of filing results in the highest percentage of pulpal walls that are planed and better prepared walls? Which was the worst at removing dentin? |
Step-Back filing best for cleaing but irregular shape. Regular Filing was the worst at removing dentin , WALTON |
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What kind of file is less likely to fracture during rotations? SS or NITI. Who? How many times stronger? |
2-3, NITI, Walia |
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Does machining or twisting SS files give them better mechanical properties? |
Walia, Neither they are the same |
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How many rotations were niti files able to rotate when bound before fracture vs SS? Who |
Walia - Niti can go 2.5 clockwise and 1.25 counter. SS can go 1.75 clockwise vs .5 counterclockwise. |
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What percentage of MX 1st molar roots have only 1 canal at the apex? Vertucci |
82% |
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Where are the majority of lateral canals? |
apical 1/3 |
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What percentage of MD premolars have only one foramen at the apex? |
74% |
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What is the earliest response of dentin to infection? Who studied pathogenesis of pulpitits? |
Trowbridge, it responds by sclerosing which decreases the permeability of tubules |
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What are the zone of a carious lesion according to Trowbridge? |
1. outer destruction 2. infected tubules 3. demineralization 4. sclerosis |
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What is the first layer of pulp to response to insult? |
Trowbridge, the odontoblastic layer. The ends of the tubules occlude to decrease permeability to the pulp |
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How far from the pulp does infection have to be to affect it? |
1.1mm minimum, .5mm max until the results are more severe but not reversible until in contact with the pulp |
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What percentage of teeth with extrusive injuries will have necrosis. (1982). WHom |
DUMSHA, 98% |
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How long is that lag between md and bl closure of roots? Till what age? |
age 15 and 3 years |
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What percentage of teeth will develop pulpal necrosis after traumatic intrusion? What factors increase the risk. Who |
Andreasen- 90%. Increased probability with females (because they are older), mature apices, older pts, gingival laceration and intrustion of more than 7mm |
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What increases that likelyhood of root resorption after intrustion (andreasen)? What is the chance it will develop? |
50%, Mature apices, lateral incisors. laceration, and intrusion of more than 7mm |
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What is the chance of delayed periodontal marginal healing in a traumatic intrusion. What are the factors that affect the incidence? (andreasen) |
30% - famale, age, laterals, intrusion more than 7 mm, multiple intruded teeth. |
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What is the most common reason intruded teeth are lost according to andreasen. What is the overall percentage of teeth lost? |
20% overall, more likely cause is root resorption (in 17% of them) |
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What has a better prognosis for intruded teeth repositioning or not repositioning? |
NOT |
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Does the splint type have any effect on healing with traumatic occlusion? |
no |
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How long does spontaneous eruption take on average, after traumatic intrusion? |
6.3 months |
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At what age should you consider otrhodontically repositioning an intruded tooth? |
after 17 |
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How much does the chance of pulpal necrosis increase when you have both a concussive injury an a crown fractue that does not inveolve the pulp? WHo? |
Andreasen, it goes from 3.5 % to 11% |
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An intial negative EPT does what to the likelyhood that a concussion injury will eventually develop pulpal necrosis? |
increases it |
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If you have a lateral luxation and a crown fracture what is the chance of a tooth developing pulpal necrosis versus a tooth with no fracture? |
No fracture- 65% WIth fracture 93% |
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What is the best medium for storing teeth in relation to their ion strength, osmolality and PDL survivial? Who? |
Blomlof. Hanks Buffered Saline is best but milk is best for the layperson |
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Why is milk a good storage medium? How does it compare to propolis? |
Similar- the epidermal growth factor can decrease the probability of resorption |
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According to VonArx, what can prevent replacement resorption teeth from developing ankylosis |
removing them, treating with emdogain and RCT outside the mouth and reimplanting (50% succcess) |
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Does emdogain prevent ankylosis? |
No, it delays it (andreasen) |
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According to Boorum and andreasen, what percentage of teeth will have a poor prognosis after reimplantation? |
30% |
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What percentage of teeth with closed vs open apices will have pulpal healing after being reimplantd/ |
9% permanent closed, 34% open apices |
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What is more likely to heal after a reimplanatation a short pulp or a long pulp? Andreasen |
short |
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Can a tooth with an open apex keep forming if it is reimplanted? |
yes, if it revacularizes not if it develops pulpal necrosis |
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Wet storage of less than _____ led to the best reimplanantion results? |
5min |
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How many weeks does it take for pulpal symtoms / pathology to occur in an intentional reimplantation (when will they show up by) |
3 (andreasen) |
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How long before a reimplanted tooth will respond to viality testing and/or show an obliterated pulp canal? |
6 months |
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What is the time that surface resorption will appear by when a tooth is intentionally reimplanted. What about inflammatory/replacement resorption? ALso what are the precentages? |
Inflammatory- 1 month 30% surface- 5%/ankylosis- 50-60%- 12 months |
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What is the change in PH in the area closest to the pulp and external surface of the tooth after treatment with CAOH after reimplanation./ Who? |
Traonstad/Andreasen - closest(zone 3-4) 8-11pH Fartherst (zone 1-2) 7-10 pH |
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Are areas of resorption more alkaline or more acidic ? |
alkaline |
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At what pH does osteoclastic activity start? |
5.5 |
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How long before CaOH drops to a ph below 10? What other factor can cause it to drop? |
6 months, inflammatory resorption |
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Why should you radiograph CaOH placement in reimplanted teeth? |
Because if its washed out radiographically the PH is non functional |
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What is the likelyhood that an immature/mature tooth with a subluxation inury will have resorption and what kind will it be? |
Immature - infection 1.7% Mature - repair 3.6, replacement 3.6. infectionand bone loss <1% |
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What is the likelyhood that an immature/mature tooth with anextrusive or lateral luxation inury will have resorption and boneloss , what kind will it be?
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Imature - infection and repair replated 2% Mature- repair replated 29%, infection 2-5%, bone loss with lateral lux is 7% and extrusive 18% |
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What percentage of anterior teeth with root fractures will heal. who? |
Zachrisson. most fracture in the middle 1/3 but the best prognosis is a more apical fracture.77% of them healed without complication |
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How close does a fractured anteior need to be to optimize healing? What kind of splint should you use? |
Andreasen 1mm, a flexibile one |
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When should you splint a fracture anteior tooth for longer than 3-4 weeks? |
Andreasen- if there is a cervical root fracture |
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Does a delay in treatment affect the prognosis of a fractured tooth? (1-3 days?) |
no |
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What are the percent survivals for teeth pased on the level of fracture? (coronal/middle/apcalu) |
apical 89% middle- 78% coronal - 67% |
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What are the two most important factors in tooth loss after fracture? |
andreasen, level or fracture and type of healing that occurs |
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Do antibiotics help with healing? |
unknown |
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How is mobility affected by a tooth fracture? |
hard tissue healing means no mobility, soft tissue improves over time and granulation it doesnt heal. The more coronal the worse |
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How long can a tooth stay discolored? |
can be up to 7 months |
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What is the % that will heal when a middle or apical 1/3 tooth fractures and the coronal portion is treated with caoh and then gutta percha vs it being treated with gp to beign with? |
gutta percha initially 76%, caoh then gp 60-88%. So similar Trying to treat the apical segment is a disaster anreasen cvek |
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What is better for the healing of an avulsed tooth, short or long term splinting? |
doesnt matter they were fairly similar |
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When should you use a rigid splint? |
alveolar fracture and cervical root fractures |
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when should you use a flexibilie splint |
middle/apical fractures, and dislocations |
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Should you use antibiotics in trauma? |
Only with jaw fractures, and possibly avulsions all other injury types were not affected or worsened by antibiotics |
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Why do you use antibiotics in avulsion? |
because when applied it can prevent infection related resorption |
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Why do you need a permanent resotration after a caoh pulpotomy? |
Becaues the dentin bridge still have tiny perforations in it |
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What is the difference in healing with dycal vs caoh?who? |
tronstad CAOH makes a necrotic cell layer and forms a bridge at a distant site Dycal makes a layer similar to the cell free layer in orthomovement. dycal was moer succsesful in this study |
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What is the success rate for the 5 10 year direct pulp studies that support not doing them when caries are present. Who? |
Rozenkraz 5 year - 44% failure 10 year - 80% |
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What is the success rate of direct pulp caps after traums? |
96% if done within 4 days. cvek |
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What is the difference in succes of a mechanical pulp exposure cap vs carious |
carious 33% mechanical 92% |
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What is the difference in succes of a permanent restoration vs temporary |
80 perm vs 43 temp |
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Does it matter how many surface a restoration is on if there is a direct pulp cap? |
yes, class 1 has an 83% success rate and all others were less than 50% |
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Is MTA better than caoh in the short or long term? |
The study showed simlar results at 60 days but MTA was much better at 30 |
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Sundqvist said what kind of microbes live in apical lesions? |
mostly obligate anaerobse |
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What is the percentage of teeth with talon cusps? |
.15% |
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What percentage of talon cusps are on mx laterals and mx central? |
laterals 60 centrals 40 |
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What are 3 syndromes that can be associated with talon cusps? |
sturge weber, mjors, rubenstien-tabyi |
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Whats the difference in size between a talon cusp and a dens evaginatus? |
TAlon cusps are ~3.5mm by 6.0mm Tubercules of DE are ~2mmX3.5mm |
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What causes a RLG? |
infolding of the IEE and HERS during development |
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What is 3 differences between DI and RLG? |
RLG is an infolding not invagination, its a groove not tube, is an abotion of another root usually |
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What is the prevalence of RLG? |
~2% overall on extracted teeth, clinically between 5-30%. RArely bilateral |
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What % of RLG extend onto the root ` |
~50% |
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What causes gemination? |
A single tooth germ that divides and the OEE and IEE invanginate. Normal number of teeth |
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What has one less than normal tooth number gemination or fusion? |
fusion |
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What is a radicular dens? |
Infolding of HERS, like a revese enamel pearl |
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How does a DI form? |
IEE invaginates and gets surroinded by the dental papilla |
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What does DI enamel not have that regular enamel does |
magnesium |
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What % of DI is bilateral in mx laterals? |
43% |
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DE can be transmiteed how? |
autosomal dominantly because silbing have high prevalence |
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Where is DE most common |
MD premolars |
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What kind of incision forms an epithelial barrier more quickly intrasulcular or vertical? |
vertical, within 48 hours to justify epithelial seal and taking sutures our at 2-3 days |
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According to strindberg, what were the better pronosed teeth? |
more roots, less teeth treated, not to teh apex, wider preps, no PARL, no resorption, necrotic teeth, |
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Who said that a broekn instrument decreases success/ |
strindberg |
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How much more ikely is a tooth to fail if it has a PARL |
2.5 seltzer/bender |
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ARe md or mx teeth more likely to fail? |
S/B mx |
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On anterior teeth what are the % fauliure for under,over and flush teeth? |
Under 29% Over 14% Flush 51% in 1967 |
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In the mx and mandible which 2 teeth are most likely to fial |
mx - lateral md - first molar |
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sJOGREND SAYS that teeth with a parl (necrotic)are how much more ikely to fail than those without? |
10% (86 to 96%) |
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What is the worst prognosis for success acording to sjogrend? |
retreat with apical periodontitis 62% |
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What according to sjogrend at are the % success fo rover, under and within 2mm of apex fills? |
2mm - 94%, over 76%, under 68% |
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Does a positive culture lower prognosis? Who? Percentages. |
Seltzer/Bender + 81%, - 84%, same |
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Who says the opposite of sjogrend, that overfilling is worse than underfilling and what are the %s'? |
Seltzer and BEnder
OVer - 71 Under- 87 Flush - 86.5% |
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What are the zones of fish and where are there bacteria |
Zone 1 - Infection (bacteria and PMNS) Zone 2- contamination- toxins and round cells Zone 3 - Irritation Dilute Toxins - histiocytes and osteoclasts (necrosis due to PMNS) Zone 4 - Stiumlation - corticated border - fibroblasts and osteoblasts |
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What is the endo triad |
debridement, sterilization and obturation |
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How much does CAOH increase scap in comparison to TAP? |
68% |
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What % of scap survived with EDTA vs NAOCL VS CHX/ |
CHX 0, NAOCL 74% EDTA 89% |
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What mesynchymal cell markers were increased in regen according to lovelace? |
CD73, CD 105 and STRO-1 which all show that ther are sub pops of MSCs |
